The backbone of the ancient capital, reproduced magnificent!Walking on the middle axis push open the old Beijing dust memory

We said that in Beijing, we always explain the city of Beijing. In fact, his predecessor was the metropolis built in 1264. During the design of the capital city, referring to the Jiujing Jiuwei, Qian Dynasty, and Zuozuyou Club in Zhou Li · Kao Gongji, the expansion and repair of later generations also followed this idea.

Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin measured the monuments together

Note: The roads on the north and south are called the sutra, the roads of the east and west are called Wei, and the Jiu Jing Jiuwei refers to the main roads of 9 north -south and northern directions, 9 east -west main roads; ; Zuozuyou Club refers to the ancestral temple to worship the ancestors in the east, and the west is the altar of sacrificing heaven and earth. The left and right here are exactly the opposite to the left and right east in today's geography. Because the Chinese pay attention to the north and south, the right side is the west and the east on the left.

Beijing is the city of double Olympic Olympics. The two Olympic Games have incorporated the design element of the central axis. The big footprint of the opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympic Games is to enter the main stadium from the south to north from the south to the north along the central axis. 2022 2022 The 14 of the 15 breasts of the Winter Olympic Games are 14 representative buildings of the central axis.

In the middle axis, the frame of the word "middle" is a normative rule. From top to bottom, the vertical is the central area. This vertical reading roller; the term "axis" is the vocabulary in modern urban planning and design. The central axis of Beijing is not actually a real line, but a building complex that runs through the center of Beijing. It is the "backbone" and "soul" of the old city of Beijing.

Beijing's central axis has been changing with the development of the city. In the traditional sense, the central axis is from Yongdingmen to the south. The altar (now Zhongshan Park), Tai Temple (now Labor People's Culture Palace), the Forbidden City, Jingshan, Wanning Bridge to the Drum Tower and the bell tower, the distance between the line is 7.9 kilometers and the distance is about 10 kilometers.

01

Yongding Gate

Yongding Gate is the south gate of the outer city. It was built in the thirty -two years of Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty (1553). In the outer city, there will be inner cities, and the inner city is divided into Beijing, Huangcheng and Forbidden City. The imperial city lives in the relatives of the emperor, the prince of the Forbidden City lives, and the civilians live in Beijing. At the same time, the inner city is also known as the four nine cities, referring to the nine gates of the capital and the four doors of the imperial city.

The original Yongdingmen was composed of Laocheng, main building and arrow city, but the Tower was demolished in 1950. In 1957, the main building and arrow building were demolished in 1957. The Yongdingmen City Tower we see now was restored on the original site in 2004, but the city brick used in construction is still the old town brick during the Jiajing period. This is also the first city gate in Beijing.

Why did the city bricks demolished in 1950 re -built on the forest of Yongdingmen City after half a century? This is because when the Yongding Gate was demolished, the Santai Mountain dangerous goods warehouse was built, and the city brick was used to repair the warehouse wall, and the city brick was preserved.

02

Pioneer

In ancient times, sacrifice first farmers were a traditional etiquette. Every year, when the spring is the beginning of spring, the emperor will lead the cultural and military officials to come here to worship the first farmer, and personally cultivate the field to hold a parenting ceremony, which reflects the country's attention to agricultural production.

03

Altar

The altar is the general name of the two altars of Qiuqiu and Qigu. It is the world's largest sacrifice building complex. It was built in the eighteen years of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty.

The Chinese believe that all things will begin to grow after the winter solstice. Every winter solstice of the Ming and Qing dynasties, the emperor will lead the prince to the Temple of Heaven, hold a grand ceremony of sacrifice, and pray for the coming year's wind and rain.

04

Qianmen Street

In Qianmen Avenue, there are civil ballads in old Beijing: "Da Shi Board is full, satin smoke shops and theater, pharmacopophaoa shoe and hat shop, car and horse pedestrians are as flooded." The yelling here has never stopped here for 600 years. It is the famous commercial street in Beijing and the gathering of Chinese and Western architecture. Essence

05

Zhengyangmen (front door)

Zhengyang Gate (front gate) is the south gate of the inner city of Beijing. It was composed of the urban tower, arrow tower, and Laotou. In 1916, the Langlou was demolished, leaving only the arrow tower south and the main building on the north.

The Arrow Tower is a frontier defensive building in the tower. It was built in the fourth year of Ming and orthodox (1439). The building form is a brick -built fortress. The city platform is 12 meters high. In the nine gates of the inner city, the only city gate opened the door of the door, and the dragon car Fengyu.

06

People's Heroes Monument

People's Heroes Monument: The front of the monument is engraved with the eight gold foil characters "People's Heroes Ever -Immortal" inscribed by Comrade Mao Zedong. On the back is a 150 -character small kai font inscription drafted by Mao Zedong and written by Zhou Enlai, praising the people's heroes who sacrificed in the old democratic revolution, the new democratic revolution and liberation war.

The east of the People's Heroes Monument is the National Museum, and the west is the Great Hall of the People.

07

Mao Zedong Memorial Hall

The Mao Zedong Memorial Hall was built to commemorate the leader Mao Zedong. In the crystal coffin in the middle of the hall, Chairman Mao's body was placed, wearing a gray Zhongshan dress, covering the bright red party flag.

08

Tiananmen and Tiananmen Square

Tiananmen and Tiananmen Square: Founded in the eighteenth year of Yongle (AD 1420), the main entrance of the two generations of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the eighth year of Shunzhi (AD 1651), it was renamed Tiananmen, and the meaning of "being ordered by heaven, Anbang governed the country". Tiananmen witnessed the rise and fall of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, witnessed the humiliation and resistance of modern China, and witnessed the establishment and struggle of New China. On October 1, 1949, the founding ceremony was held here in New China. Mao Zedong led the leaders of the party, political, military, and various democratic parties and mass groups to board the Tiananmen City Tower and declared the establishment of the People's Republic of China to the world. Woke up.

In fact, the current Tiananmen Tower is no longer Tiananmen in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. During the war of invasion of China, the Eight -Power Allied Forces entered Beijing Boom Tiananmen, plus natural disasters such as large and small earthquakes, which caused the original Tiananmen to be severely deformed. In order to completely solve various problems and unsafe hidden dangers, the State Council and the Beijing Municipal Party Committee decided to demolish the old town buildings and rebuild the current Tiananmen Tower according to the original scale and architectural shape.

09

Society Temple (Zhongshan Park)

The altar (Zhongshan Park), located on the right side of the Forbidden City, is the west side. It is the place where the ancient emperor worshiped the god of the society, so as to seek the country of Yonggu Guotai. Later, in order to commemorate Mr. Sun Yat -sen's name "Zhongshan Park", the statue of Mr. Sun Yat -sen was built in the park. On the north side of the statue is a must -have "Huai Bai Hug". Huai, the trunk of the two trees tightly hug together, but the branches and leaves on the top each occupy one side of the sky, and the two are harmoniously symbiotic.

In fact, since the Han Dynasty, there has been a legend of "Huaiyu and Orange Pomelo, which are brothers." This is due to the media such as wind or birds, and the seeds of a certain tree are sent to the tree holes or branches. Over time, when they encounter conditions such as earth, rain and other conditions, the seeds will germinate, grow saplings, and finally grow into big trees, forming a unique "tree on the tree" wonders.

Mr. Sun Yat -sen was the pioneer of the Chinese democratic revolution. He first proposed the slogan of "revitalizing China", which laid the ideological foundation for the success of the Chinese nation to continue to achieve the great rejuvenation of the nation. In 1911, the 1911 Revolution led by Mr. Sun Yat -sen overthrew the Manchu dynasty, announcing the end of the autocratic rule of feudal monarchs that has continued in China for more than 2,000 years. This is a bourgeois democratic revolution in the more fully sense of China. It is the first thorough social revolution in modern China, and it is a major social change in China's political, economic, and cultural fields.

On the left, Taimiao was originally a place where the ancient emperor worshiped the ancestors, and later changed to the Labor People's Culture Palace, and the social altar on the right, perfectly following the architectural concept of the left ancestral society. The middle door is the place where the emperor's etiquette supplies were placed in ancient times, and it was also the door of etiquette. Going north is the Forbidden City.

10

Forbidden City

The Forbidden City was built in the four years of Yongle of the Ming Dynasty and was the Royal Palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties of China.

The gate of the Wumen is the gate of the Forbidden City. The north is the inner Jinshui River. The Emperor of the Ming Dynasty went to the Taihe Gate of the Emperor of the Ming Dynasty. In the east is the Wenhua Hall and the study of Wenyuan Pavilion, which was read by the prince. Passing through Taihe Gate is the three major halls of the earth -shaped, Taihe Hall, Zhonghe Hall, Baohe Hall. The Taihe Hall is a place where major etiquette activities, Zhonghe Temple is a place where the temporary rest of the etiquette of major events is held. The Pahe Hall is a place where the royal party banquet and the imperial examination hall test. To the north is the Ganqing Gate, the place where the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, and the Qianqingmen was also the dividing point of the front and harem.

The so -called Three Palace and Sixth Courtyard refers to the Qianqing Palace, Jiaotai Hall, Kunning Palace, and East Sixth Palace and Xixiu Palace. After the Royal Garden is the Gate of the North Gate of the Forbidden City, it is Jingshan Park from Shenwumen.

11

Mountains

Jingshan, artificial mountains in the Ming Dynasty, was called Wanliu Mountain in the Ming Dynasty. It was only called "Jingshan" in the Qing Dynasty. Here, there was the highest point on the highest point on the north -south axis of Beijing City. It was also the best viewpoint. See the sunset.

12

Wanning Bridge

Wanning Bridge, near Shichahai, was built in the early 1285 of the Yuan Dynasty. It was a wooden bridge. Later, it was changed to a single Confucius white jade stone arch bridge. There were Chinese white jade fences on both sides of the bridge. The original smooth Han Baiyu followed the years and followed the change of the dynasty to weather year by year. Now we can only see the outline of the pattern vaguely.

On the banks of the river are stationed on both sides of the river (eight summer), one of the nine sons of Longsheng, who is born with water, guards the river channel, and eats the river demon to eat.

13

Drum Tower and Zhonglou

The Drum Tower and the Clock Tower were built in the 18th year of Ming Yongle. There were 25 drums in the inside. The so -called morning bell and twilight drums.

In ancient times, the emperor on the New Year's Eve as he went to the building to fight the drums that one year was about to pass.

The bells are in the heart. In the era of no clocks, people living on the central axis listened to the sound of the bell and drum tower every day to calculate the time.

Here the traditional central axis of Beijing is over, and with the construction of modern cities, the central axis has been continuously extended, north to Olympic Park, water cubes and bird nests are located on both sides of the east and west, south to Beijing Daxing International Airport.

In Beijing's central axis and Chinese culture, "China" and "harmony" are the essence of culture. The middle axis of Beijing is in the middle of Beijing. It is both the center of the city and the backbone of the north and south of the city. It is also a symbol of the meridian of the sun. Planning and design concepts, this cultural phenomenon is called Shangzhong. The mid -axis interprets China's ritual, order, and beauty. It is a collection of the concept of traditional Chinese architectural space. It carries a long and long history and culture. The central axis in Beijing is not only a kind of penetration, but also a cohesion of national strength. He is not only a solidified history, but also a living axis, including everyone and me, who are writing new stories of the middle axis.

Photo source: network retrievement

About the Author

Invited authors of the Eleventh Living Room Cultural Tourism, I worked overtime in the daily overtime animal, moved to the brick gap to read books, traveling in my spare time, and occasionally writing. Reading and movies are input, travel is thinking, writing is output.

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