Sanjiangyuan: Ecological recovery snow leopard returns

Wen ｜ Feng Zhao

This is the "third pole" of the earth -the hinterland of the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau, the largest national park in China.

The total area of ​​123,100 square kilometers and a vast area with an average altitude of 4,500 meters, Kunlun Mountain, Bayan Kara Mountain, Tang Gula Mountain, Snow Peak, and Glacier are towering; The mother of the nation's mother, the Yellow River, the Yangtze River, and the Lancang River, which flows through the Southeast Asia -the source of the Mekong River; 16,000 lakes are like the stars of the sky. This bulging highland is the Sanjiang source known as the "Asian Water Tower" and the "China Water Tower".

Recently, on the occasion of the first anniversary of the establishment of Sanjiangyuan National Park, the Western Talent Development Foundation of China, the Party School of the Qinghai Provincial Party Committee of the Communist Party of China, and the Sanjiangyuan National Park Management Bureau sent a solemnity to the society to "care for the environment, the environment, the environment, Guarding nature, working together to build a beautiful China, and build a community of human destiny "initiative.

Once, Sanjiangyuan deteriorated ecological degeneration due to climate change and artificial activities, a large number of lakes disappeared, and wild animals decreased sharply; now, it has become one of the most concentrated areas of the world's high -altitude areas.

The three major rivers of the Asian Water Tower were from here

National Park is a natural area that requires special protection, management and utilization to protect the integrity of typical ecosystems, provides places for ecological tourism, scientific research, and environmental education.

The Sanjiang source surrounded by the majestic mountains, the central and western regions and the north are the mountain valleys, and there are high -cold meadows and wetland swamps with a large area of ​​freezing and swelling. The southeast is the northern foot of Tanggula Mountain, with steep terrain and high mountain gorge. As an important ecological security barrier in my country and the altitude biological germplasm resource library, its protection value is of great significance to China, and even the entire East Asia and Southeast Asia.

In March 2016, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council issued the "Pilot Plan for Sanjiangyuan National Park System". The first national park in my country and the world's largest national park system pilot came into being.

Three years later, the "Guiding Opinions on the Establishment of the National Park as the main body of the National Park" issued by the two office clarified that my country's natural protection areas will be divided into national parks and natural protection according to ecological value and protection intensity. After the establishment of districts, natural parks, and national parks, the same area will no longer be retained or other types of natural protection areas. The exploration and practice of Sanjiangyuan National Park remained highly consistent with the national top -level design.

In October 2021, China officially established the first batch of national parks such as Sanjiangyuan. The Sanjiangyuan National Park will be fully incorporated into the important habitat of the Yangtze River, Yellow River, Lancang River, and important habitats of wild animals, so that the natural ecosystem has been protected by systemic, authenticity, and integrity.

Tibetan Antelope of Sanjiangyuan National Park

The three major rivers in eastern Asia and southeast have their own characteristics.

The source district of the Yangtze River is known for its handsome alpine glaciers; the Yellow River source lakes are dotted and showing the wonders of the "Thousand Lakes";

The "snake song" embedded in the earth in the Yangtze River

The Tongluo River, which originated from the snow mountains of each Ladan, was identified as the Zhengyuan of the Yangtze River. Furthermore, its source is Naqinqu, which is transmitted by glaciers. Naginqu flows from south to north in the valley. After more than 30 kilometers, it meets the Chezu Meiqu, which is called the Langhe River.

Sunris

The average altitude of the Luanhe River Basin is above 5400 meters. The terrain is high, the air is thin, and the severe hypoxic is high, but the light is sufficient, the solar radiation is strong, the vertical river, and the scarce human smoke are wild yaks, Tibetan wild donkeys, Tibetan antelope, Panyang sheep sheep More than 40 wild animals such as Tomara, white -lip deer, 猞猁, and snow chicken provide a good life and reproduction environment. Most of these wild animals are national key protection animals. During the period of precipitation and rain and heat, it also provides favorable conditions for the growth of pastoral grass.

From the convergence of Dangqu Hui to the mouth of the Batang River, the Langhe River is known as the Tongtian River. The coastal is rich in sand gold. In the dry flow of more than 800 kilometers, the natural gap is 940 meters. In ancient books, there is a record of "passing the Tongtianhe as the lower reaches of the Tianhe".

White Lip Deer in Sanjiangyuan National Park

Among them, the mouth of the Chumar River to Deng Ailongqu is the transitional area of ​​the plateau hill to the alpine canyon. The mountains are dangerous and the water is deep. Glacier, Ye Qing's big turning, rigid turning, Zhuo Mu's big turning, Brown turning, and Landa big turbulence, etc., are called river songs or snake songs in geography.

There is a "S" shaped turning of the embedded snake song, just like Tai Chi map embedded on the earth, and the scenery is particularly magnificent. This is due to the formation of snake songs in the plain or basin composed of loosening sediments. Later, the crust continued to rise, which is equivalent to giving the river the power to cut downward. Keep the original form of sinking until the rock rings that are deeply cut into the crust, as if embedded in.

Tongtianhe turning group

In this sense, Tongtianhe not only has geomorphous value, but also has a myth and legends and aesthetic value.

In the Cocoa Siri area where the Yangtze River is located, after several generations of regrets, the rare species and habitat are effectively protected. Today, the number of Tibetan antelopes in Coco has returned from less than 20,000 in the 1990s to more than 70,000.

The "Mall of Lake Wonders" of the Yellow River Star Star Passing

The Jodon Liequ in Qu Male County, Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai is the source of the mother river of the Chinese nation -Yellow River. In the Mado County in the east of Qu Malai County, countless spring eyes and streams gathered in the Zhaling Lake and Eling Lake with the Great View, and then went to the east of the Haohao of the Yellow River. lake. Mado County, mainly animal husbandry, is a microcosm of the ecological changes of Sanjiangyuan National Park. In the past, it was called "the richest man county", and each family had hundreds of cattle and sheep.

From the end of the 1980s to the beginning of this century, affected by factors such as global climate change, Sanjiangyuan Glacier Snow Mountain shrinks, the wetland lakes of Mado County decreased, grassland vegetation degradation, and water conservation ability decreased sharply. It was even broken.

In order to restore the ecology, the local government launched the immigration project and moved herders out of the Yellow River source area to improve the ability of animal husbandry to improve the ability of ecological management and protection.

In 2016, Sanjiangyuan, as the pilot of China's first national park system, began to explore the system of ecological civilization construction. Mado County was included in the Yellow River Yuan Park. Since then, the state has invested more than 22 billion yuan to carry out ecological protection and restoration projects, and the ecological conservation function of Huangheyuan has continued to improve.

Through the implementation of the "one household and one post" ecological management and protection system, more than 20,000 herders in Sanjiangyuan became ecological control guards. There were more than 3,000 Mado County, and each person controlled 12,000 acres of Yellow River Yuan Park.

Water birds dance on the banks of Eling Lake

"In the past 16 years, the Yellow River source area has not been disconnected." Gan Xuebin, the full -time deputy director of the management committee of the Huangheyuan Park Management Committee of Sanjiangyuan National Park, said that the once -disappeared lake reproduced the earth, and the number of lakes in Mado County also also said. From the original 4077 to 5849, the wetland area increased by 104 square kilometers.

Lancang Jiangyuan finds Snow Leopard with herdsmen's guide

The Lancang River originated from the northern foot of Tanggula Mountains in the territory of the miscellaneous counties in Qinghai. After leaving the country in Mengla County, Yunnan, it became the International River Mekong River.

In 2017, Angosai Township, Hando County became the first pilot to carry out ecological experience franchise activities in Sanjiangyuan National Park, carried out snow leopard observation franchise projects. 22 households of herdsmen were selected as "ecological experience reception families". In August, the Angsai Grand Canyon, the sky is blue, the Lancang River is running into the canyon, nourishing mountain forests and wild animals. This is called "the hometown of China Snow Leopard".

Snow Leopard in Lancang River source

"After starting the reception family, the government built a house for receiving visitors, and also made training and reception." 48 -year -old local herdsmen Yicison introduced that before the natural experiencer who received the visit, All common items such as portable oxygen cylinders, glucose, and Hongjingtiankou liquid are purchased to prevent the altitude reaction that guests may occur.

After a few years, Yishasheng made a lot of friends from all over the world, and Dawen, a natural experience from the United States. "I took Davin to see the snow leopard twice. He was very excited. When I was separated, I took me to find me to find the snow leopard. I hope that I can think of him when I see this painting." Yixi Tower Sheng believes that the guide and the natural experiencer are the process of two -way rushing. "I took their (natural experiencer) to find the snow leopard, and took them to see the natural scenery that they didn't have in the city. At the same time, they also taught me a lot of ecological and environmentally friendly knowledge. "

It is understood that 45%of the revenue of Angsai Ecological Experience Franchise Projects belongs to the reception family, 45%are community public funds, and 10%are used as wildlife protection funds.

Angsai Grand Canyon

As of November 2021, Angsai Natural Experience Project received a total of 169 teams and 479 people, with a total income of 1.7372 million yuan, of which 955,46,600 yuan was used as community funds (including village collective funds and protection funds). 37,000 yuan.

To act together to protect the "King of Snow Mountain" together

Snow Leopard and other countries focus on protecting animals and attract natural experiencers from all over the world. However, the protection and treatment of rare species is not easy.

As the top predator in the high mountain environment in the Middle East, snow leopard usually lives near the snow line at an altitude of 3500 meters to 5500 meters. It is known as the "king of snow mountains" and is also the "air pressure meter" of the health of the alpine ecosystem. Existing scientific evidence shows that the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau is not only the origin of the species of Snow Leopard, but also its main and most continuous survival areas. About 60%of the world's snow leopards live in my country.

Snow Leopard, known as the "King of Snow Mountain"

In the World Snow Leopard Day in 2020, Qinghai Forestry and Grassland Bureau, Sanjiangyuan National Park Administration, Qilianshan National Park Qinghai Management Bureau jointly launched the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau Snow Leopard Protection Alliance, committed to the research of snow leopard, forming multi -level, multi -field, comprehensive snow leopard protection pattern.

After continuously strengthening wildlife protection, the scale of the wild animal population in Qinghai has increased significantly, and the number of wild snow leopards has also risen steadily; in 2021, the wild animal rescue breeding center of Qinghai Province has also successfully rescued "Ling Yan" and "Ling Xia" Yixiong. Female two snow leopards.

Nevertheless, the number of wild snow leopards in China is only 2,000 to 2,500.

Snow leopards generally live on the nude rocks and snow lines of high mountains. The activities are cautious and difficult to find. In order to capture the trace of more snow leopard activities, in the past ten years, the Beijing Landscape Nature Protection Center has set up nearly 800 infrared cameras in Sanjiangyuan area, accumulating nearly 100,000 snow leopard images, and at least 400 snow leopard individuals have been identified. Scientific researchers also record the phenomenon of coexistence in the same domain of Snow Leopard and Leopard in the same domain in the Lancang River Basin and the Tongtian River Basin, which provides important data for the study of the impact of the climate on the influence of Sanjiangyuan wildlife.

"I have seen five snow leopards in total, it's so beautiful! For the first time, I saw Snow Leopard without any expectations. After walking, I stayed in place before I realized that I met the snow leopard." Xiang said, "The brown bears full of curiosity will destroy infrared cameras, and yaks often hit it. Snow Leopard has the path that you like to go. After drinking water by the river, you often climb up the mountain."

Snow leopard shot by infrared cameras

"There are many snow leopards in my hometown, but there is no evidence to stay. The staff of the Landscape Nature Protection Center taught us how to put infrared cameras and took many photos of snow leopard." The ecological controller who grew up here was even more strict. "My hometown has landscapes, grasslands, and animals. I want to stay in my hometown and protect my hometown, so that my hometown will be clean and beautiful forever."

Qinghai has a long sky, and the three rivers are endless. The story here is like a mighty river, and it will continue to be passed down from generation to generation.

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