1049 yuan/jin!What is the sky -high litchi?

The development of the lychee industry is inseparable from technology

In 2002, at a fruit auction in Guangzhou, a lychee shot 550,000 yuan, creating the Guinness World Record with the most expensive fruit.

Recently, a litchi sold in the Beijing SKP mall is as high as 1049 yuan a pound, and it has been sold short for two days.

It is reported that these two lychee is hanging green litchi -when the cause and effect are mature, there is a green line to the end, and the name is "hanging green".

What is the origin of hanging green litchi? Why can it be so expensive?

"Sky price litchi" hot discussion

In July of summer, cicada was familiar, and it was another year for the harvest of litchi.

Recently, some netizens said that in the Hua Lian supermarket in Beijing's SKP mall, a box of lychee named "Zengcheng Hanging Green" was purchased. When paying, it was found that the small box of litchi was 969.28 yuan. When you take a closer look, the unit price of the lychee per catty is as high as 1049 yuan per catty.

Coincidentally, on July 13, some netizens found that fruit micro -business from Shanghai was launched on a lychee called "Hanging Green". The packaging box was very exquisite. There were only two litchi in the box. The price was 198 yuan. 100 yuan. "Sky price litchi" immediately caused heated discussion among netizens.

In fact, as early as Shang Super Sale, hanging green litchi was the "top -flow big coffee" in the lychee world. In the 2001 auction, the most expensive green litchi auction price was as high as 55,000 yuan, and was later certified by the Shanghai Grand World "Guinness" headquarters as the most expensive fruit in the world. In 2002, the price of a auction of a green fruit reached another 555,000 yuan "sky -high price".

Chen Houbin, chief scientist at the National Litchi Longan Industry Technology System and Professor of South China Agricultural University, told China News Weekly that the reason why the green litchi is valuable is both historical reasons and "rare things".

It is reported that hanging green litchi is mainly produced in Zengcheng, Guangdong, and is a rare variety in litchi. When the fruit is mature, there is a green mark in the middle of the fruit, and "hanging green" is also named because of this.

According to legend, the Ming Dynasty Shang Shu Zhan Ruoshui returned to Guangdong from the famous Litchi Township of Litchi in Fujian to cultivate the "Shang Shu Huai" in Guangdong's litchi species, and its descendants cultivated green. Because the green litchi meat is crispy, sweet and fragrant, and more resistant to storage, it is very popular. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the poet Qu Dajun praised the green: "Crispy like pear, the slurry is gone, and the shell will be unchanged for three days."

However, such a precious hanging green litchi was once on the verge of extinction. Some literature records that during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, the people were unbearable to the people because of the heavy tax of the lychee class, so they chopped the green litchi tree. In the end of Xuan Tong, only one of the West Garden Temple in the western suburbs of the county (now Licheng Green Plaza) has survived. After that, agricultural technicians gradually cultivated the second and third -generation green litchi through the "resurrection" of this tree. The hanging green litchi that consumers can buy today are all descendants of this old tree.

Even so, because the management of green litchi is very difficult to achieve a large amount of promotion, it is still very rare. Chen Houbin said that the number of planting green litchi in Guangdong does not exceed 5,000, and it can flow and bear fruit not more than 50%, and the high quality is not more than 20%. Therefore, the listing volume is very limited and there are thousands of pounds. In contrast, consumers are more familiar with concubine laughter, with an annual planting area of ​​1.2 million mu, an annual output of 600,000 tons.

Why is lychee this year's expensive

Litchi originated in my country and has a history of more than 2000 years of planting. It is an important tropical crop in my country.

In the 1980s, my country's lychee industry ushered in great development. The planting area increased from 1.91 million acres in 1987 to 8.1222 million mu in 2019. It is the world's largest lychee producer. According to data from the national lychee longan industry technology system, in 2021, China's litchi planting area was about 7.9261 million mu, a decrease of 2.2%year -on -year, and the output of 2.8141 million tons, an increase of 10.21%year -on -year.

China Litchi Production Zone is mainly concentrated in six provinces including Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Fujian, Sichuan, and Yunnan. Among them, Guangdong is one of the most important litchi production areas. The cultivation area and output ranks first in provinces and regions across the country. More than 80 counties and cities are planted and more than 100 varieties.

As of 2021, Guangdong's planting area reached 3.9493 million mu, accounting for 49.83%of the total area of ​​lychee planting in China; the output was 1.4371 million tons, accounting for 51.07%of China's total output of lychee. In other words, one lychee nationwide is from Guangdong.

At the moment of the launch of litchi, China News Weekly visited the market and found that this year's litchi market is generally rising, and the price is much higher than last year.

In a high -end supermarket in Beijing, a litchi called "Bingli" is priced at 699 yuan/jin, and another "Yuli" is also 499 yuan/jin. In contrast, the price of litchi on the e -commerce platform is much more affordable. 1.5kg is priced at 238 yuan for nuclear litchi, and the price of Guangdong cinnamon lychee is 139 yuan.

The cheapest is the lychee that is super sold. In a Hema Xiansheng in Beijing, the price of Xianjin in Guangdong is 39.9 yuan/450g. Another Guangdong chicken mouth litchi is relatively cheap, but it also costs 19.9 yuan/jin. The staff reported that the purchase price of litchi this year was 3-5 yuan more expensive than last year. "Chicken -mouth litchi was only a few pounds a pound of a few dollars when it was cheap last year, so we dare not enter too much goods, afraid that the price is higher, not many people buy it."

Lin Guofa, a researcher at Bryk Agricultural Big Data Technology Group, explained to China News Weekly that the price of lychee this year is more expensive than in previous years, which is inseparable from the "big and small years". In fact, most fruits will have the physiological phenomenon of "big and small years", that is, there are more results in one year and less results in one year. As a result, the year of the year was called the New Year, and the year was the year. On many fruit trees, through the selection and update of varieties, the phenomenon of age is not too obvious. However, on litchi, the impact of the yield of litchi is at least 30%of the yield of the year, so litchi has a very obvious phenomenon of large and sizes.

Chen Houbin said that in early March of this year, the national litchi longan industry technology system is expected to produce about 2.53 million tons in the annual output. However, there are many disasters during the development of the fruit, and the weather such as heavy rain, typhoons, and high temperatures has been continuously declined. "This year is not a" little year 'of traditional meaning, it is more like a' not big or no year '. "

How to develop the lychee industry

Aside from the decrease in production, the lychee becomes expensive, and it is also related to logistics and packaging costs.

Lin Guofa said that although lychee is in short supply in the country, it is very difficult to store. Bellying in one day at room temperature, it must be refrigerated. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more costs in the sales link of litchi, which will also lead to the price of litchi than other fruits.

Lin Guofa and China News Weekly calculated a account. Take a 5 catties of 238 yuan cinnamon lychee sold in the market as an example. It is 2-3 yuan. Calculating the purchase cost of 28 yuan/jin, the actual cost may be as high as 220 yuan, and the profit is less than 20 yuan.

If the land transport cold chain, the cost can be reduced by one -third to one -half, but the quality is difficult to guarantee. "This has also led to the most basically seen in the northern market that is still the main consumption radius such as concubine laughter, and the main consumption radius of high -quality varieties such as cinnamon and glutinous rice crickets is still limited to the Litchi production area."

In addition to being subject to logistics and packaging costs, my country's lychee industry also faces excessive concentration in the listing period.

According to Chen Houbin, my country's lychee was mainly concentrated in July to July each year. After years of hard work, the issue of fruiting has improved. Now it can be available early to March, and the latest will be extended to the market at the latest. "But in June, it is still the most concentrated." Judging from the number of litchi listing in August 2020, 55,800 tons in April, 536,500 tons in May, 1.104 million tons in June Ton. "So the sales pressure in June is very high."

In order to ensure that lychee is not rotten at the tree head, in addition to improving the cold chain logistics, the processing industry needs to be adjusted. In Chen Houbin's view, processing the "cockpit stone" role in the entire litchi industry chain is one of the ways to increase the added value of the product and the easier to spread goods to the country.

In May this year, Guangyao King Laoji, Laoji, Laoji, Laohuang, has officially put into production. According to Wang Laoji, as an industrial park with the largest lychee juice production line in China, the base is mainly based on the production and processing of litchi plasma and litchi irrigation beverage. The annual planning capacity of the production base is 9 million boxes.

However, Wang Laoji said that the products of lychee deep processing are relatively small than other fruits. Data show that 97%of the Guangdong lychee industry is mainly based on fresh fruit sales, with a deep processing ratio of only 3%, facing problems such as low added value of the product and relatively single market.

In this regard, Chen Houbin pointed out that because the output of lychee is greatly affected by factors such as natural climate and environment, the instability of production often causes a substantial fluctuations in raw material prices. The market risk is large, which is not conducive to enterprise investment technology equipment.

In the future, how should the litchi industry develop? In Chen Houbin's view, the development of the lychee industry is inseparable from technology -do a good job of adjusting variety structure; improve the production of mass production through big data and mechanized means; continue to overcome the biological mechanism and technical problems of the phenomenon of "big and small years"; promote the integration of the industrial chain to integrate the industrial chain integration develop.

In 2021, the "Three -year Action Plan for High -quality Development of Guangdong Litchi Industry (2021-2023)" issued by the Guangdong Agricultural and Rural Affairs Department proposed that Guangdong would be built into the world's litchi industry center.

Author: Yu Yuan ([email protected])

Edit: Li Zhiquan

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