The photos taken by $ 10 billion to send it to heaven are actually "fake"?

Yesterday, the US President Biden personally announced a photo, which caused a lot of reposts and discussions worldwide.

This photo does not look like the lace news of competitors, and it seems that the United States does not seem to have a gag. Why can there be such a "national guest treatment"?

The reason is very simple, because the photographer of this photo is James Webb Space Telescope, who has been in heaven for more than half a year, which is the first full -color deep space it took.

The reason why this photo can bring such a huge shock is because the predecessor of the Webbu telescope Hubble Telescope has also taken this area. It was like this at the time.

Obviously, the imaging quality of the Weibu telescope is more than one. The slightly dim starry sky has become bright stars, and the details of the picture are richer. Many dark places have been "light".

Webb took this photo in only 12.5 hours, and Hubble had to spend several weeks before.

Moreover, the place is 4.6 billion light years away from the earth. This area is probably the size of a sand outside the length of a person's arm.

But even the smallest light spots, it also represents a star, a galaxy, and even galaxy group.

The most rare is that this photo even contains some light of 13.1 billion years ago.

What is this concept? This shows that this light appeared after 700 million years in the cosmic bang, which is very helpful for our study of the origin of the universe.

But for ordinary people, data is not the key, the key is to look good!

For example, the South Ring Nebula, which is 2500 light years away from the earth, the entire nebula is formed by the dying star in the middle.

This big scene is not seen by the residents of the solar system at all.

Another example is Stephen's five -stroke that appeared in the classic inspirational movie "It's A Wonderful Life".

And Wabbu's photos are the clearest so far.

The most shocking in these photos is the nebula of the bottom of the 8,500 light years from Earth.

This photo is called the "Universe Cliff", similar to the "mountains", and the stars are dotted in the gaseous cavity of the "Mountains". These stars are just "young people" just formed, full of life and vitality.

Being able to take such beautiful photos can not help but lament that the "camera" with a price of $ 10 billion is really worth it.

However, in fact, whether it is the previous "preview" or later pictures, all the space pictures are not "straight out of the original film", but have been processed later.

First of all, we need to know that there are two types of lens of the Weibu telescope, which are used to observe infrared rays of different wavelengths.

Only infrared cameras can observe "deeper universe" ▼

Among them, the pixel of each near -infrared lens is about 4 million, and the medium infrared lens is only 1 million pixels.

This is a far away from the mobile phones that are not moving hundreds of millions of pixels now. You said that the camera with a cost of 10 billion, why not go up with a good point?

But the fact is that the starry sky photos on the official website are more than 400 MB size, and the details are full.

In fact, in deep space photography, pixels are no longer the key to determining the quality of the film, and it is not easy to compare it with traditional photography.

First of all, the caliber of the Wabbu telescope reached 6.5 meters, and the collection area of ​​infrared rays reached 25.4 square meters, which was not comparable to the general lens.

Secondly, in space, the shooting environment of the Webbu Telescope is close to completely clean and vacuum, without human light harm, and no atmospheric reflection interference.

The strong conservation ability, and the perfect shooting environment, can have greater resolution, and naturally ensure that the picture has more details.

However, there will be other interference factors in space, such as some high -energy cosmic rays that appear from time to time.

If you capture it, in the picture, it is actually equivalent to a "noise", and only those often bright light is a star.

Therefore, these space telescopes must be exposed multiple times to the same place, and finally stacked the image in order to produce "films".

There are two benefits of doing so. One is "noise reduction". After many comparisons, the sometimes highlights of those sometimes are cosmic rays, and the stars are always on.

One is to improve pixels, 1 million pixels on a single photo, and the 100 stitching is not 100 million pixels?

This is actually "stack", which is the routine operation of the camera when processing the photo.

After such an operation, we can see the photos similar to the "trailer".

However, the "Xingmang" in these photos also looks annoying. It will cover up many details on the photos. Is it possible to spend so much money and optical flaws?

In fact, this thing comes from the diffraction phenomenon of light, which is unavoidable. If you want to bypass the diffraction limit, the sharpness of the picture will decrease.

The shape of Xingmang is related to the shape of the lens, the gap between the lens and the obstacles in front.

The Hubble Telescope's Star Mang comes from the cross -shaped supporting frame in the lens barrel, so Star Mang is also a cross. But it is time to say, sometimes this star is quite shocking.

Here you may ask, why are people taking pictures with color? We send it back to the number one of the day?

Of course, because the colors are all on the P!

In fact, the brightness signals received by the sensitivity element in most astronomical cameras are monochrome. Researchers will use different filters to separate electromagnetic wave spectrum according to different needs during observation.

Like the preview diagram above is to strengthen the comparison, red filters are specially adopted.

The pictures we finally see are synthetic images that have been tone and mixed with invisible light wavelengths. The technologies used are commonly known as PS.

Of course, this processing is simply stacking and coloring, which is not the same as the AI ​​algorithm processing of some mobile phones.

The color in the final film is definitely different from those scenery, but it is the most closest to our naked eye.

And if we use the camera lens to match the astronomical telescope, in fact, we can also take colorful space photos, but it is impossible to see such a far place like Hubble and Weibu.

Photos taken by foreign astronomical photography bloggers themselves ▼

You may feel that you will feel that it costs a $ 10 billion "camera" together, and the photos you take will also need to see PS?

This is the fact, because for astronomers, perhaps the colorful photos published are not as useful as the original black and white photos in scientific research.

For example, the first black hole photo, ordinary people must have a question mark after reading it, but it has great significance for scientific researchers.

If we have always seen astronomical reports, this kind of picture, I think, there should be many people who have lost their interest in astronomy?

After all, how can this kind of picture be shocked by the "creation column" shot by Hubble telescope that year?

For scientific researchers, black and white photos are actually more helpful for their research. Although the coloring photos after processing are more clear, they will also lose a lot of details. Therefore, it is only suitable for us to see such a "layman".

Therefore, it is a good thing to "make" a "fake picture" at this time.

Only in this way can more ordinary people feel the charm of the universe and keep us in our hearts' romantic longing for "looking up the starry sky".

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