"Smart machine abandoned son" Nokia is relying on the patent riding in the manufacturer's head to make tens of billions of billions of year

Two days ago, the Jun Jun saw a news:

Nokia told OPPO in Germany because some of OPPO models adopted its two standards for the necessary patents.

As a result, OPPO lost the case, and the batch of mobile phones could not be sold in Germany for the time being.

Seeing this, everyone was surprised.

In the impression, Nokia and the function phone are a pair of CPs, which are bound to death. Why will there be Nokia patents on the OPPO mobile phone. Essence Essence

Um. Essence

Let's say that, you want to change your phone now, Nokia is definitely not within your consideration.

But in fact, if you buy a mobile phone of other brands, you may still be in disguise to Nokia.

This is because Nokia has 20,000 patents, covering all aspects of mobile phone manufacturing.

When making a mobile phone, a little Nokia's patent, the manufacturer must pay the corresponding patent fee.

No? Like OPPO, it was hammered by Nokia.

For example, in 2011, after Apple was sued by Nokia, it not only paid a compensation to Nokia (estimated to be about 3 billion yuan), but also paid its patent fee obediently in the future, 95 million euros per quarter.

For example, in 2014, Nokia found Samsung again.

Samsung fought against him for two years, and finally paid hundreds of millions of euros in compensation. Essence Essence

In addition, what Lenovo, Huawei, and vivo are basically a manufacturer and have been hammered.

In this way, the name of Nokia's "patent hooligan" slowly started.

It can be seen from last year's financial report that its annual income is about 156.5 billion yuan, of which patent authorization costs earn 10.6 billion (1.502 billion euros).

Nokia patent fees can be earned a lot, and many views on the Internet are that its patent pricing is high.

Even after OPPO lost this time, the relevant person in charge said that Nokia patent was too expensive and resolutely opposed.

But in fact, we can compare the prices of major manufacturers.

Nokia's 5G patent charges are 3 euros.

That is to say, a mobile phone uses its 5G patent, and the mobile phone dealer pays $ 3.02.

And this price, Huawei is $ 2.5.

There are two types of Ericsson, $ 5 high -end models, and $ 2.5 in low -end models.

Qualcomm is relatively complicated. According to mobile phone prices and network support, it is $ 13.

From this perspective, Nokia's price is only a little higher than Huawei, and there is no exaggeration to the old hooligan Qualcomm and Ericsson.

The bad reviews believe that it has made a lot of money and the price is a certain reason, but the main reason is that the number of patents is large.

According to data compiled in 2019, Nokia ranked second in terms of the number of necessary patents for 5G standards worldwide.

This is the result of China under 5G in recent years.

Figure Source Eu ▼

But you think about it, the mobile phone has not only 5G technology, there are 4G, 3G, 2G in the past.

When formulating standards, who has advanced technology means that there is a right to speak.

Nokia used to be a giant. In addition to the merger of Siemens Communications, it got many patents. Its investment in research and development has accumulated a lot of patents each year.

In 2015, 33% of Nokia's tens of thousands of patents were the necessary patent of GSM standards, 25% were the necessary patents for WCDMA standards, and 19% were LTE standard necessary patents.

Among them, there are a large number of old patents that are still effective, which cannot be opened in the process of modern mobile phone production and development.

In other words, as long as you sell your mobile phone, you have to give Nokia a sum of money.

There may be poor friends who will ask, is these Nokia patents, must it be used?

That's right, it is necessary to use it.

These patents are not ordinary patents, but the necessary patents for SEP standards.

What do you mean?

To meet a certain standard of the product, you must use this patent.

Take an inappropriate example.

You want to sell kitchen knives, not to say that you can get a board, tell everyone that this is a kitchen knife.

You don't recognize it, you have to pass the industry's relevant standards.

This standard is formulated by many kitchen knife vendors, and a knife must have blades and handles.

At the same time, these kitchen knives will also inform some of them developed by themselves. As long as the kitchen knife is made, it is impossible to use technology, such as grinding knives.

Once everyone thinks it makes sense, the grinding knife has become the "SEP" of the industry.

In the future, whoever produces a knife in the future must pay the person who proposed the grinding technology.

Similarly, you have to make 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G mobile phones. In order to get recognition, you must meet the relevant communication standards.

Naturally, I can't hide those SEPs.

As a SEP ability, this business Nokia is too familiar. It is madly authorized and charged crazy.

Isn't it outrageous? Don't want to give it?

Nikia will sue you with a hammer.

Although SEP is actually to protect intellectual property rights and the right to protect R & D, it is not that you can mess up with SEP.

In order to balance, everyone proposed a Frand principle.

It means that the SEP owner must be fair, reasonable, and discriminatory.

What is reasonable?

How much profit can bring to your heart must be a bit forced. You have to refer to this profit and quote reasonably.

What is fair and discriminatory.

For example, I have 5G SEP, Tony is my competitor. I don't want to authorize SEP to him. He does not give money.

At this time, if Tony created 5G mobile phones, I would tell him to infringe.

Or, I authorize to Tony, but I see that he had a good life and a higher price.

The two actions mentioned above are unfair and discriminated against.

With this FRAND rule, you can limit SEP owners to a certain extent.

For example, Qualcomm did not authorize 2G, 3G, and 4G technology patents for Intel and MediaTek before.

At the same time, SEP and non -standard necessary patents in different fields are sold together.

As a result, it was fined $ 865 million in South Korea.

But everyone looks at the definition of Frand. What fairness and reasonable, these words are actually very vague, and it is difficult to judge whether it is unreasonable.

There are not many SEPs that have been done by the Frand rule.

You see, Nokia's official website wrote a FRAND rules, and it is relying on patents every year to tens of billions of billions.

No matter how unreasonable the mobile phone manufacturer is, there is really no way. Essence Essence

In fact, it is understandable to charge patent fees.

The patent was originally to protect intellectual property rights and labor results.

If you do n’t charge, I do n’t charge it. Who will spend money on research and development in the future? What will there be a breakthrough in technology?

For example, from A to B, you must pass a few ways.

These roads were dug out a little bit ago. They collected the toll reasonably and saw it for others. Naturally, they were willing to dig out more ways to make everyone's lives more convenient.

However, patents cannot be charged freely, which will only hinder the breakthrough of technology.

In the last century, the Wright brothers invented the aircraft applied for patents for most of the aircraft design, and they would sue who to build an airplane.

Not only did they get bankruptcy, they also made many people dare not invest in the aircraft manufacturing industry, which hindered the development of the aviation industry.

Later, Roosevelt did ideological work for the Leat brothers, which made the Leit brothers change 20% of the patent fee to $ 200.

Since then, the number of aircraft in the United States has skyrocketed, and tens of thousands of pilots have been added, and the aviation industry has ushered in a spring.

You see, once the patent is used reasonably and the patent fee is rational, it actually has a promotion of technology progress and development.

So how to regulate these SEP owners, and collect the fees reasonably to allow the industry to develop benign.

Coincidentally, some time ago, I saw a news that Nokia was investigated by the country's antitrust because of the 5G patent permit. Essence Essence

When a patent giant contributed to technology inventions gradually became a patent hooligan that was lying on the way to buy a road, causing the industry to fall into a vicious circle, increase internal consumption, and hinder technological progress.

I think this is unwilling to see the entire technology industry.

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