Behind the Northeast Women's Male

One of the "most balanced" areas of men and women in the country

The recently released "Chinese Population Census Yearbook -2020" announced the specific gender ratio of the total population of 31 provinces in the country (the proportion of women as 100, men to women) and specific data of men's population and women's population in various provinces.

Data show that among the 31 provinces across the country, there are more men than women as a whole. Men are 34.9 million more than women, and the total population ratio is 105.07. Among them, the total population ratio of the total population of Jilin and Liaoning provinces is less than 100. This is 99.69 and 99.7 -this means that in these two provinces, there are more women than men.

In addition, Heilongjiang's total population ratio is also very close, 100.35, far lower than the national average.

In the case of unstable men and women in many areas, how is the situation of more women in the Northeast region formed?

Why are there more women?

Data from the seventh national census (hereinafter referred to as "Qi Pu") show that the total population of the Northeast is 985,14948, of which 4923,4316 are men and 49280,632 women. Women are about 46,000 more than men.

Among them, women in Liaoning and Jilin provinces are about 64,000 and 37,000 more than men. Although Heilongjiang has more men than women, the gap is only 55,000.

Judging from the data of the three northeast provinces, the Northeast can be said to be one of the "most balanced" areas of men and women in the country.

Urban street view of Shenhe District, Shenyang. Figure/Figure insect creativity

Wang Guangzhou, director of the Population Statistics Research Office of the Institute of Population and Labor Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said in an interview with China News Weekly that there have been more women in Northeast China than men in recent years. Continuous intensification is related to the "negative growth" of the population.

Du Taogui, dean of the Public Policy Research Institute of Northeast University, told China News Weekly that the only child in the Northeast region was very high. It was also among the best in the country.

On the Internet, the topic of "why the status of the Northeast Women has always been so high" has been enduring, and it has also caused many discussions. This is also reflected in literary works. In the northeast rural comedy "Country Love", the women in it are not independent.

Some analysts pointed out that the proportion of men and women in Northeast China is relatively balanced, and it has a certain relationship with the concept of rare local men and women.

The aging intensification is a major challenge that the Northeast has to face, and this has also affected the proportion of men and women in the Northeast to some extent.

According to "Qi Pu" data, Liaoning 60 and above accounted for 25.72%, of which the population 65 and over accounted for 17.42%; Jilin 60 and above accounted for 23.06%, of which 65 and above accounted for 15.61%; The population above or above accounts for 18.70%, of which the population 65 and above account for 13.50%.

"The average life expectancy of women is about 5 years higher than men, and the higher the aging level, the lower the gender ratio." Wang Guangzhou said that the higher the aging, the more significant the development trend of women's elderly people is more significant than the elderly population.

At the same time, the loss of population is considered to be a key factor for further promoting the formation of more men and more men in Northeast China.

The three northeast provinces are traditional old industrial bases. Since the 1990s, the economic growth rate of the Northeast has slowed down. With the reform of housing, employment, welfare, insurance and other systems, the original advantages will no longer exist. Both the survival of the local population and the attraction of the flow of population are slightly insufficient.

In the opinion of Feng Wenmeng, a researcher at the Institute of Public Management and Human Resources of the Development Research Center of the State Council, the reason why the northeast is the "depression" of the population of population is mainly due to population flow, especially male population.

Feng Wenmeng said that due to the relatively low salary level in the Northeast, the pressure for men is relatively large, and the outflow power is even greater. It is often women who are willing to return to Northeast employment after graduating from university. Men left and women's stay, which objectively led to the results of more women and less men.

Where do people go to the Northeast?

For a long time, the birth rate of the population in the three northeast provinces has been lower than the national level. In the context of encouraging the extensive implementation of fertility policies in recent years, the low population in Northeast China has failed to improve well.

From the data point of view, the birth rate of the population of Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning has decreased year by year. In 2020, only 3.75 ‰, 4.84 ‰, and 5.80 ‰ were not only lower than the national average (8.52 ‰), but also the bottom of the provinces and cities across the country. This not only reflects the sluggishness of local residents' fertility, but also reflects the embarrassment of the Northeast situation.

In addition to the improvement of fertility, the loss of population is also a problem that the Northeast needs to face.

"Qi Pu" data shows that the population of the three northeast provinces has decreased by 11.01 million in 10 years, which is equivalent to the permanent population of Shijiazhuang, Changsha, Qingdao and other cities in 2021.

Where did these Northeast people go?

"Chinese Population Census Yearbook -2020" shows that in the province's population data, the top three provinces with the largest population in Jilin, Liaoning, and Heilongjiang are Shandong, Beijing and Hebei.

Shandong and Beijing are the two main destinations of the population outflow of the Northeast. The registered resident residence registration place in Shandong has more than 1.15 million people in the northeast, and 1.11 million in Beijing. Hebei is second only to Shandong and Beijing, and 660,000 people come from Northeast. As the capital, Beijing has a long -term high -tech, talent, and financial resources. It has a lot of economic radiation effects on the "three north" (Northwest, North China, and Northeast), including the Northeast, and has a great economic radiation effect. In addition The advantage of distance naturally attracted a large number of Northeast people to settle.

The "Chinese City Talent Ranking" report shows that the Beijing talent attraction index ranks first for two consecutive years.

In terms of Shandong, Shandong has a deeper source of origin. On the one hand, Shandong is also a strong economic province in the north; on the other hand, the history of the two places is closely linked. In history, there was a "breakthrough" in Shandong. A large number of Shandong people moved to the northeast. There were many population exchanges between the two places. Therefore, it is not difficult to understand the yearning of Shandong people.

Although it is known as the "Fourth Province of the Northeast" Hainan, although the proportion of population is 112.86, the total population registered in the registered place of hukou is 108,8143, and the population of the three northeast provinces accounts for only 9.25%.

However, every winter, a large number of "migratory birds" to the Northeast of the winter in Hainan have not been statistically statistically statistics from the resident population because they have not lived for more than 6 months.

What is even more severe is that in the loss of the northeast, most of them are the main age of laborers.

Related data shows that among the population flowing outside the province, the proportion of appropriate labor accounts for more than 80%, of which about 30%of the 20-29 years old.

Among them, the impact of the outflow of intelligence on the population structure of the Northeast is particularly far -reaching.

According to First Financial, the local retention rate of Harbin Institute of Technology in 2020 was only 11.89%, which was the first in 33 schools. Among the distribution of employment areas of Harbin Institute of Technology, the highest is Guangdong, accounting for 19.5%, and the second goal is Beijing at 17.13%.

In addition, the retention rate of graduates in Northeast University in Shenyang is only 17.2%, and Jilin University, located in Changchun, is 27.02%.

How to "keep people" is also imminent for the Northeast.

Author: Chen Shulian ([email protected])

Edit: Sun Xiaobo

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