Entering the world's first ancient ceramic gene library to listen to the "speaking" of thousands of years of porcelain

Jingdezhen Ancient Ceramic Gene Library Typical Simagon and Library Information Picture

The world -renowned Jingdezhen is a ceramic historical and cultural city named by porcelain, accompanied by porcelain, and is known for its porcelain. It started in the Mid -Tang Dynasty, rose in Song and Yuan Dynasties, flourished in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and stretched to the contemporary. History of pottery, more than 1,000 years of official kiln history, more than 600 years of royal kiln history, and more than 100 years of modern ceramic history.

Not long ago, the world's first ancient ceramic gene library was unveiled at the Royal Kiln Model House in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi.

Integrate scientific research, repair, and display

The unveiling of the ancient ceramic gene library of Jingdezhen marks the construction of a Chinese ceramic civilized cultural relic gene library with fund -raising materials storage, archeological research, scientific and technological analysis, protection and repair, and results display. This millennium porcelain is officially launched.

Over the years, with the unique ceramic archeological and cultural protection resources and sound supporting facilities, the Jingdezhen Royal Kiln Museum has successively has domestic and foreign institutions such as Peking University, the Institute of Archeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the Palace Museum, the University of California, Los Angeles, and the University of Tokyo, Japan. Carrying out academic exchanges and archeological cooperation, and on this basis, more than 10,000 ceramic analysis data have been accumulated on this basis, and the basic scientific database of ancient ceramics in my country has been initially established.

Based on the unique historical conditions and the time of digital technology water, since July last year, the Jingdezhen Royal Kiln Memorial House has begun to build the ancient ceramic gene library of Jingdezhen. Research work. After nearly a year of hard work, on June 11 this year, the ancient ceramic gene library of Jingdezhen was unveiled, and the management platform of Jingdezhen Gu Ceramics Gene Library also officially started operation.

At present, the Jingdezhen Royal Kiln Memorial House has formulated the "Jingdezhen Ancient Ceramics Gene Library Construction Plan" and "Porcelain Gene Library Sample Sample Sample Management, Preparation and Preservation Standards (Trial Draft)" Preliminary construction of the system, carry out the research and communication system of ancient ceramic cultural knowledge maps. It is understood that the "five -year planning" of the construction of the ancient ceramic gene library of Jingdezhen took two steps: the first step was to complete the first batch of 2,400 sets (9600) the collection and system of the first batch of 2,400 sets (9600 pieces) Sample; the second step is to complete the collection and summary of most of the specimens within 4 to 5 years, and build a genetic library information sharing platform.

"We intend to build the ancient ceramic gene library of Jingdezhen in two years, and in the future, it will become an important part of the cultural relics gene library of the Chinese civilized country." Said Weng Yanjun, dean of the Jingdezhen Royal Kiln Memorial Institute.

Why "listening to porcelain, interpretation of porcelain"

According to reports, scientific researchers will sort out the unearthed kiln specimens from the local porcelain industry sites such as the Royal Kiln Factory, Luomaqiao, Hutian Kiln, Nanshi, and Nanshi Street from Jingdezhen. , Select the most representative of the "standard device logistics", and complete the physical sample preparation and virtual sample construction of each standard utensils in the "standard device logistics". Archaeological information fragments "" tire material technology fragment "," molding technology fragment "," glaze technology fragment "," firing technology fragment "," painting decoration fragment "and other gene fragment information.

"When collecting ancient porcelain specimens, we adopted the standard of '7+x'." Weng Yanjun said that "7" refers to the "shape, tire, glaze, color, decoration, decoration, decoration, decoration, decoration, decoration, decoration, and decorations of ancient ceramic genes. The core information of the seven aspects of the bottom model and the firing process is jointly built by the Jingdezhen Royal Kiln Museum and various cooperative units; "X" is all extension information, such as similar collections and associated with similar collectors in the world's major ceramic museums. Overseas archeological discoveries and historical documents, and the achievements of modern academic research require more institutions and individuals to participate together, and finally realize the co -construction and sharing of gene library information.

"For example, Mingchenghua Blue and white crane neck bottle, its physical specimen is divided into four forms of residual slices, sections, thin pieces, and powder." Weng Yanjun said that through digital information collection, you can also understand that this utensil can be learned at the same time when the archeology is unearthed and after repairs. What is the complete device, including its three -dimensional compound map, similar collections of similar collections at home and abroad, and even auction status, can be presented on the ancient ceramic gene library management platform in Jingdezhen.

"The hardest thing is the process of data collection. Not every point data is effective and representative, and the success rate is less than 1%." Xiong Yan, the person in charge of the science and technology laboratory of the Jingdezhen Royal Kiln Owish House, said, this The process is like the burning process of these ancient ceramics. Numerous defective products have been smashed and buried, just to pursue the next perfection.

Weng Yanjun said that the collection of "X" genetic information is open. Only more institutions and individuals participate can make the genetic information in the gene library richer, and finally present a digital world of ancient ceramics, so that the "gene library "Data Global Sharing" has become more meaningful.

From the perspective of the builders of the ancient ceramic gene library, the value of this gene library is not to simply study the ceramic utensil itself, but to analyze the origin, development and change of ancient ceramic civilization through utensils, and then deduced the restoration of the system system The true face of the peak of the porcelain.

A piece of ancient porcelain can analyze hundreds of information

Since the 1980s, the Jingdezhen Royal Kiln Memorial Institute and its predecessor Jingde Town Ceramics Institute, united with Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology, Peking University Archaeological Board Institute, Palace Museum and other units, successfully faced the Nanyao site of the Tang Dynasty, Langtian in the Tang Dynasty The kiln site, the Five Dynasties of the Hutian Kiln Site, the Yangmei Pavilion site, the Yinkengwu site of the Song Dynasty, the Luomaqiao kiln site, the Liyang kiln site of the Yuan Dynasty, the ruins of the surrounding Nanyu porcelain kiln, the Yuka factory site of the Ming and Qing dynasties, the ancient Guanyin Pavilion ancient The kiln site has been excavated more than 30 times. Nearly 100 tons of ancient kiln industry specimens were unearthed, and nearly 20 million pieces of crushed porcelain were collected. "The porcelain fired by the Royal Kiln Factory is specially used for the royal family. A large number of uns selected Royal Kiln porcelain was smashed and buried underground." Weng Yanjun said.

In the eyes of ancient ceramic experts, the magnitude of the ancient ceramics fragments of Jingdezhen is complete and rich in archeological information, and the relevant data contained in it is very authoritative -because the ancient ceramic fragments are more conducive to carrying out technical testing compared to the precious ancient ceramic complete device It can adapt to modern instruments such as electron microscopy, Raman spectrometer, X -ray fluorescent analyzer and other modern instruments. "These broken ancient porcelain slices are clearly unearthed, the strata are clear, and the category is rich. It can observe the decoration, the stitching reductioner type, the sliced ​​tire, the grinding analysis materials, and even the temperature." Weng Yanjun said, every ancient piece Porcelain pieces can analyze hundreds of information, and its value is not inferior or even higher than the handed down collection of the same period.

"A piece of crushed porcelain can restore a historical scene." Weng Yanjun said that massive ancient ceramics can not only restore the materials, formulas and crafts of the year, but also form a puzzle of society, history, and culture.

Affected by factors such as raw material texture, processing technology, changes in firing technology, and aesthetic taste, the shape and decoration of ceramic utensils in different times have evolved, and the chemical composition of their tires, glaze, and color is not the same. The domestic academic community believes that the production of blue and white porcelain in the early days was the blue pigment from the Persian area Su Ma Li Qing, because the blue and white painted pottery production was carried out there; It also uses imported pigments and domestic pigments. However, most of these are speculated by people through the literature and materials of the Qing Dynasty and the circulated craftsmanship, and there is no research support. After technological progress, people began to infer the ingredients of blue and white pigments through iron manganese, but the accuracy was still doubtful.

"Now we can see the existence of two blue and white materials with micro means'." Weng Yanjun said that the ancient ceramic gene library has analyzed the blue and white porcelain fragments through the advanced ion beam microscope, which confirmed that it was used in China and and at the same time. Imported paint.

"We can make genetic specimens of two forms of physics and digital through composition analysis and data collection of ancient porcelain pieces." Weng Yanjun said that based on massive information and using digital information technology Ceramic specimens at the time of firing technology and raw materials, etc., explored the "mystery of craftsmanship" for thousands of years of ceramics in Jingdezhen, and decippped the "civilized password" hidden in the peak of ancient human porcelain industry.

Global Library Global Sharing to help the world's ancient ceramics research

What can the ancient ceramic gene library of Jingdezhen bring to the world?

"Through the open management platform of Jingdezhen Ancient Ceramics Gene Library, the Jingdezhen Royal Kiln Memorial House will draw the ancient ceramic gene knowledge map and integrate fragmented information into panoramic systematic knowledge for people for different aspects of learning and research." Weng Yanjun said that the shapes, decorations, tires, glazes, and color of ceramic utensils in different times will be different. By studying the specimen information in the gene library in the gene library, the firing process and raw material formula of the ancient ceramic specimen can be restored. These restored information can not only provide solid theoretical data for contemporary ceramic archeological identification, but also provide scientific technical support for the inheritance of contemporary ceramic cultural and creative products.

For example, the wild history records that the Ming Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji loves the fight, and the court records will not be mentioned. However, among the many crushed porcelain pieces of Jingdezhen Royal Kiln Museum, they have restored the blue and white cloud dragon pattern tank of Xuande's year, which has become a powerful physical evidence for this history.

"These interesting and vivid historical details can be used in the development and application of cultural and creative products and tourism products in the future, and empower the development of cultural tourism industries." Weng Yanjun said.

"More importantly, the technical system of Jingdezhen Royal Kiln Site has profoundly affected the development of the world's porcelain industry." Weng Yanjun said that in history, the blue and white porcelain craftsmanship of Jingdezhen has greatly produced the lifestyle and artistic style of the Middle East, Africa, Southeast Asia, Europe and other places. Influence, kiln yard around the world has been imitation and re -creation with the template. Today, Turkey, Egypt, Japan, Vietnam, North Korea, Italy, France, the Netherlands and other countries still retain these important physical relics of these early kiln yards. Massive ceramic utensil data restores a history of Chinese ceramics foreign exchanges for the world, which not only makes Chinese ceramic history and cultural stories more colorful, but also allows contemporary porcelain craftsmen. Cultural and creative products that pay tribute to historical classics will continue to tell new stories of Chinese traditional culture.

"Jingdezhen Ancient Ceramics Gene Library is a growing gene library. The opening and sharing of data resources will continue to provide excellent platforms for the excavation and research of ancient ceramics history in China and even the world of ancient ceramics.The new story of the civilization of ceramics is a carrier. "Weng Yanjun said that after the genetic library is completed, it will actively cooperate with various museums and scientific research institutions at home and abroad, explore the global ceramic civilization topics, and strive to become a new international platform for traditional Chinese culture to communicate with foreign exchanges.EssenceOur reporter Hu Xiaojun, a correspondent Feng Liang Cheng Wanhai

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