Open the mysterious veil of "Mongolian" 14,000 years ago

【Technological frontier】

Daily News, Kunming, July 17 (Reporter Zhang Yong) In order to unveil the mystery of the "self -confidence" of Homo sapiens 14,000 years ago, the Kunming Institute of Animal Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Yunnan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology, etc. The system analysis of modern crowd and ancient DNA big data found that, as the "southerner of China" in the evening update, the "Mongolian" of 14,000 years ago in Yunnan and the earliest ancient ancestor source genetic connection with the earliest American Aboriginal people existed Essence The research results are recently published online in the international academic journal "Contemporary Biology".

Yunnan is located in the intersection zone of the hot spots of biodiversity in the southwest of China, East Himalayas and India -Burmese Mountains. This not only makes Yunnan a "refuge" of the fourth -year -old biology creature, but also becomes a cradle for new species. The local diversity and human cultural diversity from prehistoric to the present are now extremely complex. Yunnan not only witnessed the miracle of the "Cambrian Biological Born", but also witnessed the human species from 12 million to 6 million years ago. 14,000 years ago, the Homo sapiens "Mongolian" and other important humans such as "self -containing self".

It is understood that Yunnan Mengzilu Cave was a cave that had been naturally closed naturally in 1989, and fossils and cultural relics were identified as an ancient human site by experts. The site is located at the foothills of Huangjia Mountain in the outskirts of Montzi, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province. In 1989, the Yunnan Provincial Museum and other units were organized to rescue sexual excavation. More than 30 human fossils including skulls, mandibular bones, and femoral bones were unearthed. In 2008, the system of Yunnan Archaeological Institute and other units collected stratigraphic samples and annual materials. The results showed that the age range of the entire Maludong site was 17830 ± 240 years ago to 13290 ± 125 years ago. About 14,000 years ago.

In order to reveal the mysterious veil of "Mongolian", the Kunming Institute of Animal Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences cooperated with the Yunnan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology and the Mengzi Cultural Relics Management Institute and other units to conduct an ancient DNA genetic analysis of "Mongolian". Ancient DNA evidence shows that "Mongolian" is a woman of early modern people in Asia, not ancient humans. "Mongolian" may represent the hunting-collectors who have a hereditary associated with the common ancestors of the two major agricultural groups in China. They have the recent ancestors of the late update world. The branch of "Mongolian" is an independent M9 branch branch, which reflects the rich and genetic diversity of the people in the southern part of the world in the evening.

The study is by far the oldest human DNA study in South China and Southeast Asia.

The system analysis of the world's modern population and ancient DNA big data showed that as the "southerner of China" in the evening update, "Mongolian" and the earliest ancient ancestral source of the American Aboriginal people. Studies have found that from the Yunnan Malu Cave in the south to the Heilongjiang Basin in the north, about 16,000 to 14,000 years ago, a genetic background pattern shared by the Chinese population has been formed. This genetic background is the late update world East Asia's source of the earliest settlement of the Americas is also the main genetic component of the Aboriginal people in the Americas. Researchers speculated that in the early days, there may be a route that migrated from the coastal coastline from south to north, and some people finally across the Bailing Strait to the Americas. In addition, the evening update world not only exists in the genetic differentiation of the north -south people in China. During this period, the genetic differences between the southern southern and Southeast Asian people were more obvious. By reconstructing a key mutation of the skin color gene OCA2, a cross -time and space distribution mode, the researchers found that this mutation of the light skin color of the Chinese population that caused the "whitening" of the Southeast Asian population was as early as 7500 years ago in the southeast coastal area of ​​my country. Later, as a hetermonistic adaptation to the weakened ultraviolet irradiation intensity in high latitudes, the frequency of this mutation gradually increased among the East Asian population until the average frequency of modern East Asian people reached about 60%. These results show that some physical human phenotypes (such as light skin tone) may have been formed before 7500 years ago. The genetic structure and the corresponding constitutional phenotype provided clues for the Chinese civilization exploration source project.

Researchers at the Kunming Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhang Xiaoming and Li Chunmei were the first authors of the thesis, and the joint communication authors of Su Bing, Ji Xueping, and Yao Yixi for the dissertation. The study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the leading special of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the high -level talent training plan, the China Academy of Sciences Youth Promotion Association and the open topic of the National Key Laboratory of the National Academy of Sciences.

【Edit: Fangjialiang】

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