Xi'an Family Training Story 丨 Zhengyi Mingdao Dong Zhongshu

original

It is justified for his friendship, and it is clear that his way of doing it.

Translation

Adhere to justice without seeking personal gain, carry forward the avenue without care.

Interpretation

The original text was selected from "Han Shu · Dong Zhongshu Biography". Other literature expressions are slightly different. The text in "Spring and Autumn Fan Lu" is "the right thing is to make a profit, and the practice is not anxious". The basic meaning is the same. Dong Zhongshu put Tao and friendship (righteousness) in front of the merit and fortune, expressing his thoughts that emphasized the favility, opposing the rush of quick success, and had a great impact on future generations.

Dong Zhongshu (179 BC -104 BC), a native of Guangchuan (now Jingxian County, Hebei Province), a western Han philosopher, a master of sciences today, is also a master of educators and Confucianism. Former Ph.D., King Jiangdu, and King Jiaoxi King. He was very smart since he was a child, diligent in his studies, and was very obsessed with reading books. Dong Zhongshu's father was worried about this, so he decided to build a garden so that the children could play and relax while learning. It took three years before and after the construction of the garden. The children of relatives and friends' houses came to watch. However, Dong Zhongshu still indulged in the ocean of the book and was unmoved. In the Mid -Autumn Festival, the whole family was watching the moon in the garden, but Dong Zhongshu did not know. It turned out that he ran to ask his husband to ask poems again. Dong Zhongshu's life is rigorous. In his early years, he specialized in "The Spring and Autumn" of the ram, and the Confucian classics were taught during the Emperor of the Western Han Dynasty.

After Emperor Hanwu's throne, he asked the way of governing the country. In order to meet the needs of political unity, Dong Zhongshu wrote the "Three Books of Heaven and Man", advocating "Ben hundreds of schools and respecting Confucianism." Anyone who does not learn the Confucian classic "Poetry", "Book", "Rites", "Le", "Yi", "Yi" and "Spring and Autumn" cannot have the opportunity to be promoted, and cannot be selected as national officials. In fact, the Confucianism is based on the foundation of the official selection, respecting Confucianism, and has opened the pioneer of the feudal society with Confucianism for more than 2,000 years.

Dong Zhongshu believes that the most important way to cultivate the talents needed by the country is to set up schools. He suggested that Emperor Hanwu "Xing Tai Xue, set up a master, to support the people of the world." Emperor Hanwu accepted his opinion, not only set up Taixue in Chang'an, Beijing, but also set up schools in the prefecture and counties. Dong Zhongshu Bo heard and strong, knowledgeable, usually recruited his students, preached Confucianism, and cultivated many talents for the country. Among his students, there are not a few people who will be entered. Dr. Dong Zhongshu devoted his mind to teaching and research, and had not returned home for three years. He is cautious in his usual on weekdays and has a degree of travel. Many scholars are willing to respect him as a teacher. He advocates that teaching should be "metaphorized, simple and reached, and province", that is, the teaching of teachers must be concise and easy to understand, smooth and specific in order to be accepted by students. Emphasizing that learning must be dedicated, "You can't be two -view, you can't listen to your ears, you can't listen to your hands.

In the first year of Han Yuanguang (134 BC), Dong Zhongshu was emphasized by the Emperor Hanwu and was sent to Jiangdu Yi Wang Liu Fei as a country. Liu Fei is the elder brother of Emperor Hanwu. He has always been arrogant and brave, not to put others in his eyes. However, because Dong Zhongshu had a high reputation at that time and was a well -known Confucianism in the country, he was very respectful to Dong Zhongshu. Liu Fei took Dong Zhonghua as Guan Zhong, who assisted Qi Xionggong, who hoped that Dong Zhongshu would assist himself like Guan Zhong to assist Qi Jiong, and usurped the ambition of the central government.

One day, Liu Fei asked Dong Zhongshu: "During the Spring and Autumn Period, Yue Wang Gou Jian and the doctor leaked, the text, and Fan Ye [lǐ] planned to attack Wu Guo, and finally destroyed Wu Guo. Three wise men in Bigan, I think these three people can also be called the virtuous ministers of the Vietnamese. In the past, Qi Xionggong asked Guan Zhong if he had difficulties. I asked you if I had any difficulties? "

Dong Zhongshu knows that such a difficult question and intention. Dong Zhongshu advocated the unification of the world. He quoted the scriptures and replied to the ancient metaphor: "The minister is stupid, not enough to answer big questions. I heard that Lu Guojun asked Dr. Liu Xiahui," I want to attack Qi Guo, what do you think of what do you think? ? 'Liu Xiahui said,' Not. 'I was worried when I returned home, and said,' I heard that the attack was not asking the people who did not ask Xianren. Why did you ask me? 'Just ask a bit about it. Liu Xiahui felt a shame, not to mention that they set up fraud to attack Wu Kingdom! From this point of view, there was no wise man in the Vietnam country. "Dong Zhongshu persuaded Liu Fei to persuade Liu Fei and pointed out the so -called virtuous The person of benevolence is "the friendship is unprepared, and his Tao does not care about it." It is the highest state of benevolence to make social atmosphere in virtue and change society! Therefore, Confucius' disciples are ashamed to mention the "Five Battles" even if they are children, because "Five Battle" is to cheat and do benevolence. In this dialogue, Dong Zhongshu clarified his standard of benevolence, showing his solemn position, implying that Liu Fei should not dominate.

Dong Zhongshu, for six years, has been subtle guidance to Liu Fei for six years, and eventually successfully dispelled his non -division. Liu Fei also adopted Dong Zhongshu's strategy of governing the country with "the Confucianism of Confucianism".

Later, the prime minister Gongsun Hong and Dong Zhongshu had a private grievance, so he recommended that he went to the prime minister who was a good -looking and brutal Jiaoxi King Liu Duan. But what Gongsun Hong didn't expect was that King Jiaoxi heard that Dong Zhongshu was a Confucianism and treated him with courtesy. However, Dong Zhongshu knew that he was in danger. Four years after serving as Liu Duan, he resigned and resigned his home on the grounds of raising illness. Emperor Hanwu was respecting him, and every time the court had a major decision, he sent someone to ask him for his opinion. Later, Dong Zhongshu left a "Spring and Autumn Performance", which became a masterpiece of the scriptures of today's text. In "Spring and Autumn Fanlu · Doctor of the King of Jiaoxi" and "Biography of Hanshu · Dong Zhongshu", they both record that Dong Zhongshu's words "just friendship is unpredictable, and his way to make sense". In other words, adhere to justice without seeking personal gain, carry forward the avenue without care. Dong Zhongshu put Tao and Yi in front of merit and fortune, expressing his thoughts that he had a good profit, a big road and a lightway, and opposed the idea of ​​emergency effort. Dong Zhongshu's "Zhengyi Ming Tao" advocates not only became the basic view of traditional Confucianism, but also the family training of the Dong Zhongshu family for generations.

Dong Zhongshu lived through the three dynasties and lived in the heyday of the Western Han Dynasty. In the first year of Taichu (104 BC), Dong Zhongshu died of illness and was buried in the southern suburbs of the Western Han Dynasty. On one occasion, Emperor Hanwu deliberately made a deliberate horse after his cemetery. As a result, Dong Zhongshu's cemetery, also known as "Xia Maling".

The good family training of the Dong family affects future generations. According to the "Historical Records", Dong Zhongshu's son and descendants all love reading. They are very diligent and have achieved success. Most of them have entered the career and shine their ancestors. In the "Rebuilding Malling Ji", the Qing people said that Dong Zhongshu's hometown people were proud of Dong Zhongshu. They often wrote the village name on their pockets and crickets. Dong Zhongshu's sixth grandson, Dong Han Jiang Du Dan, lost his father in his childhood, and changed money all year round to serve his mother. After his mother became ill, he wanted to drink the water of his hometown. Dong Yan even went back and forth more than 20 Huali to Yongchang Tan in the upper reaches of Yongchang Creek, and became a well -known filial son. The descendants of the Tang Dynasty Dong Jin, who returned to the mission of not humiliating, lobbying in the chaos of the four towns did not rebel up the court, and was involved in the founding public in Longxi County. These are the result of the influence of Dong Zhongshu's "Zhengyi Ming Tao".

Of course, based on Confucianism, Dong Zhongshu proposed the doctrine of heaven and human induction, promoting the five elements of yin and yang and the "three outlines and five constants", forming a feudal theological system. We should criticize these feudal thoughts. For example, while he returned to Beijing from Jiangdu, he coincided with a fire in the royal cemetery. Dong Zhongshu deduced his causal relationship according to the "Yin Yang Five Elements" at home. He just wrote a draft. Dong Zhongshu was not here. His colleagues looked at the draft, stolen himself, and played the court. Emperor Wu came to Dr. and asked them to express their opinions. A disciple of Dong Zhongshu was also listed. The disciples did not know that this was made by the teacher and rebuked his "nonsense." The colleagues had to confirm the articles of theft of Dong Zhongshu, so Dong Zhongshu was arrested and killed according to law. Later, Emperor Hanwu pardoned him. From then on, Dong Zhongshu never dared to talk about the yin and yang disaster. Explain that these feudal superstitions, even at the time, did not have many markets.

Comment

Dong Zhongshu is a generation of Confucianism. He inherited Confucius and opened Zhu Xi. He was the only key figure from one of Confucianism from one of the sons to the only son. Dong Zhongshu's claim and family training of "the friendship is unprepared, and his Tao does not care about his merits". Later, Zhu Xi was included in the teaching rules of Bailudong Academy and became a criterion for educating future generations. In the contemporary era, some people seemed to seek private interests, pursue the enjoyment of material interests, and lost their ideals and beliefs. Do not promote the right path, do not abide by the party discipline and state law, do not adhere to the core values, and become the defeat of the national nation. Dong Zhongshu's thoughts of "Zhengyi Ming Dao". Today, in the great rich material, in the education activity of Chonglian and virtue, for the correct view of the relationship between righteousness, Zhengfeng discipline, the original source, establish a correct world outlook, values, outlook on life, cultivate to cultivate It has an important practical guidance and practicing the core system of socialism.

Source: "Qingfeng Millennium · Xi'an Family Training Story Collection"

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