Qiantang River · Famous masters should go 丨 division should be independent and good at keeping in good schools, not poor

Zhejiang News Client Zhou Zhou

The names of Ding Bing, Ding Shen, and Ding Ren are not well known now, but the Ding family in Hangzhou is indeed an outstanding cultural family in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. Among them, Ding Bing has achieved the highest achievements and leads the show.

He is the earliest industrial pioneer in modern Hangzhou or China or the pioneer of modern industry in China. The largest cotton textile factory in Zhejiang, Hangzhou Tongyi Gongchai Factory, the largest mechanical Silk Factory Hangzhou Shijing Silk Factory and Hangzhou Da The Lunsi Factory and other generations of merchants were opened. In the social changes in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, Ding Bing successfully promoted the transformation of traditional commercial capital to modern industrial capital, and grown from old businessmen to modern entrepreneurs.

He is also one of China's largest private collectors and publishers. Ding's eight -thousand volumes and Changshu iron piano bronze sword tower, Huzhou Yong Song Tower, and Liaocheng Haiyuan Pavilion also called the four private Tibetan library buildings in the late Qing Dynasty. In the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom War, Brother Ding Bing and Ding Shen rescued and copied the "Siku Quanshu" in Wenlan Pavilion in a timely manner, and was awarded the Qing court.

Ding Bing has published Hangzhou local literature most systematically, such as "Wulin Palm Hosts" and "Wulin to Zhezhe" and other large series. Among them, "Wulin Palm's Old Cluster" 26 episodes of more than 190 kinds of more than 200 copies, which is the 100th scriptures of Hangzhou Township Literature, making Hangzhou the most complete city in China to preserve local literature. The literatures used in Hangzhou history are mainly based on this series of books. Ding Bing also compiled a lot of works such as "Wulin Fang Lane", "Hangzhou County Poems", and "Books in the Book of Good Books". The last and most systematic "Hangzhou House" was also completed with his support.

Ding Bing is also the earliest public book consciousness in China. He does not hide the high cabinet and secrets like ordinary private collectors, but is open to students from all over the world. Most of the ancient books engraved by the Zhejiang official bookstores he founded were hidden in the 8,000 -volume building. Jiahuitang (8 Thousands of Buildings) is not only a library, but also a well -known bookstore. All kinds of ancient books are published with the advantages of book collection.

As one of the largest and most promising charity in China and even the world, Ding Bingliang has done his life and wealth to improve people's livelihood, becoming a generation of great charity people who can surpass Western charity and even surpass. In the case of no one's willingness, he has been the general director of the "Hangzhou Good Reception Union" for 15 years, and then he has actually hosted it for about 16 years until his death. The Hangzhou Consortium is the largest charitable organization in Chinese history. In fact, it has fulfilled most of the functions of the municipal government.

The main structure of the Hangzhou Consortium is Puji Hall, Tongshan Hall, and Yuxing Hall. It has 27 institutions and covers all civil affairs in Hangzhou.

Puji Hall has the institutions such as Yi'antang (nursing home), Qing Festival hall, Zhengmeng Yiyu, Shi Dao, Qiqi, Disaster House, and Mi Institute. The Oiri Hall is an institution expanded on the basis of Yi'an Hall. Passengers who are accepted by livelihood. Hangzhou was in the fire, and the disaster institute was responsible for the resettlement of the victims. Give Mi is the institution that distributes grain to the elderly who cannot be collected. Tongshantang has 10 institutions under the jurisdiction, namely the production bureau of the coffin of the poverty -stricken family, the buried bureau of the buried bodies of the unknown bodies on the street, the medical bureau that provides free diagnosis and treatment for ordinary people, and the acne prevention prevention prevention of acne prevention Smallpox's acne bureau, reporting bureau to apply for autopsy, the relics of women who have assisted the widow but have a woman who need to support, a life -saving boat for rescue of the drowning victims, and the borrowing of interest -free loans to the poor The bureaus, collecting the words of paper written by words, and Zhengmengyi, which are free education and cultivation of poverty -stricken teenagers. Their functions have gradually transformed from relatively simple traditional charity relief to social public management and public welfare services.

At that time, the Shi Medical Bureau was diagnosed with more than 1,000 people per day. The acne bureau was more than 1,000 acne each year. The burial bureau buried more than 3,000 corpses each year. Tongshantang also widely involved in the construction of urban defense, urban and rural water roads and bridges.三堂而外杭州善举联合体还管理三仓（永济仓、义仓、富义仓）、宗文义塾、钱江义渡局、保甲局、迁善所、粥厂、丐厂、浚湖局、 Fire savings and other institutions.

After the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom War, the restoration and reconstruction of most of the infrastructure in Hangzhou was mainly the result of Ding Bing's integration of resources in all aspects and personally. Such as rebuilding Gongyu Bridge, Qingchun Bridge, Baoshan Bridge, Broken Bridge, newly built De Sheng Bridge, Henghe Bridge, Puji Bridge, Basaki Bridge, Zhuqiao, Wan'an Bridge, Quantang, Haichang Dam, Shangtang River Dam Dam , Fengkou Doumen, dredging the West Lake, the Grand Canal, the Xixi River, the West River, the Mountain River, Linping Lake, Nanhu, and Beihu, opened the East River, stationed in the routine, rebuilding the lake and the dragon (fire hydrant), etc.

Ding Bing also organized 3 official studies of Qiantang County Xue, Renhe County and Hangzhou Government, as well as four academies: the school, Chongwen Academy, Ziyang Academy, and Qi Jing Jinggong. Because the texture college is located in Wan Songling's remote land, but also in the city not to create a teaching lecture in the city. Hugu Social Science is also opened to receive or funded the poor children to enter school for free. Rebuild the Gongyuan Test.

The book "Research on the History of the Chinese Society of Good Society" in the Japanese scholar Majin pointed out: "The Hangzhou Good Requesting Federation is not the same as today's urban administration, and their activities almost cover all aspects of residents living in this city. "" Hangzhou Good Reception Federation is a huge organizational institution to deal with various issues related to urban administration. As a non -bureaucratic urban resident, the cause is probably the largest in Chinese history. " On the left, the total expenditure of about 100,000 缗 each year, converted into about 60,000 silver. Fu Majin believes that the function of good deeds is equivalent to the mayor, but not only the "mayor" does not receive wages, but the "city government" led by his leadership rely on civil power. The huge funding gap is compensated by "Mayor". Ding Bing, who has long been the general director of the good deed, not only worked hard, but also had huge economic losses. Fu Majin believes that this kind of good deed is "with the nature of the disadvantage" and calls the general director of the good deeds "editors and reviews."

From the twenty -fourth year of Guangxu (1898) to the spring of the following year, Ding Bing finally compiled a full picture of a husband's charitable cause "in detail in detail. - "Le Shan Lu". This book records in detail the construction, assets, rules, donations, losses, degrees branches, characters, etc. of the Hangzhou Charity History and Hangzhou Good Consortium. It is the most complete classic literature in the history of Chinese charity, marking the birth of Chinese charity.

Ding Bing mainly lived in the early period of the Qing Dynasty and the Guangxu dynasty. At that time, although there were social organizations such as the Association of the same industry, there was no condition to develop comprehensive chambers of commerce. However, as a special case for the early development of modern Chinese social organizations, Hangzhou's good deeds expanded the functions of charity organizations to all aspects of social affairs. Social influence and huge social integration have surpassed the limitations of organizational or urban governance. After the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom War was caught, Hangzhou ’s self -rescue and social reconstruction was dominated.

Ding Bing has accumulated countless wealth books, and eventually turned into great good. Yu Yue He Dingbing Sixty Lianyun: "100,000 volumes of useful books, four supplements to complete Tianfu volumes; 3,000 good accumulation of borderless merits, a hundred years of repairs to the earth to do immortals." People have the phrase "accumulating wealth eleven, accumulated books nineteen '. Today's birthday (Ding Bing) is a solution: Ji Jian Xie, Jiushan Nineteen. There are more than 2,000 kinds of good books? "Ding Binglin took the end of the poem:" It should be unique and good, and the family is not poor. "Ding Bing's great personality and moral sentiment constitute a historical monument.

Ding Bing's awareness of the modern economy and modern culture is of leading significance in China. Its majority of good deeds are not only unique in Chinese history, but also have worldwide comparable values ​​and status. The unique brand and the historical foundation of "Shancheng Hangzhou". But at present, academic research and corresponding publicity in this area are not enough.

More than 10 years ago, when I started the "Xixi Literature Integration", I followed the school to pay attention to the Ding family and moved deeply. Subsequently, more than 6 million words of "Hangzhou Ding Family Historical Materials", which was published and published. For the first time, the writing of Ding's characters (excluding the compilation part) and the family information were most comprehensive and comprehensive, in order to provide basic research on the study of this classic family case case support.

Ding Bing repaired most of the commemorative facilities in Hangzhou during his life, such as Qianwang Temple, Baigong Temple, Su Gong Temple, Yue Fei Temple, Yu Qian Temple, Zhang Lingxiang Tomb, Guo Xiaotong Tomb, Sun Weixin Tomb, etc. The Minister of Governor Zuo Zongtang and Jiang Yizheng built a group of raw ancestral temples, but later commemorating the facilities of the Ding family have not been built, and there are very few related commemorative activities, making this ten important cultural heritage ignore people.

I have a strong obsession to build Ding Bing Memorial Hall. On October 1, 2020, with the support of Xianlin Street Office of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, Ding Bing Memorial Hall was opened and opened in Ding Bing's funeral. Recently, I have discussed the Derun Foundation of Dinglin Street and Ding Bing Memorial Museum to plan to build Xianlin into a benchmark "charity town". I also suggested to establish the Hangzhou World Charity Culture Museum. Hangzhou Civil Affairs Bureau's key work in 2019. It is expected that governments at all levels and all sectors of society to care about this matter.

(The author is vice chairman and researcher of the Zhejiang History Society)

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