The top of the screen on the entire network is reversed?

In 2022, the most difficult graduation season is now.

The cold shots of the news swept through the young faces. They cheered in the youth auditorium co -outlined by the bachelor's suit and became a tired adult in the talent market.

For the first time in the country, they broke the millions of graduates, like a young wave that cannot be ignored, rushing out of the ivory tower and gathered in front of the ocean of life.

There are many keywords around them: the town is a questioner, after the millennium, lying on the generation ..... It is also accompanied by new words such as high house prices, inside rolls, ashore. Special way of playing.

This is a special age, war, disease, disaster ...

But for ordinary people, life has to continue--

On July 9, Henan Province announced the data of real -time civil servants, with 590,000 applicants, 74: 1 in post competition, 200,000 abandoned tests -young people, have you been ashore?

From the wave of entrepreneurial to the system, from longing for Beidiao Da Factory to the pursuit of hometown to make ashore:

The young people soaked in the water seemed to have changed. They began to ridicule the naked swimmer of the iron rice bowl, wet ashore, and consciously became a supporter of a stable system, and they were eaten by the last "ordinary people's nest."

You are in the large factory 996, he is out of the north of his hometown, and the end of the universe is compilation. We all have a bright future.

Today, the first phase of the visualist dialogue column "Scholar Answers" invited the Ph.D. of the Department of Sociology of Renmin University of China. Teacher Wang Yuanchao, who is about to join the Department of Sociology of Zhenshe College of Shandong University, tried to follow the era of fluctuations, " We said a few words.

In the wave of times, everyone is eager to "ashore", and you are me. Is it followed by waves, or take the wind and waves?

No one is always young, but there are always people who are young.

After catching up with this era, you can only find a better way.

Picture source: network. Be the same

"Visual": Is the young man who is beeping, is it "rotten"?

Wang Yuanchao: Literally understanding, not working hard, it is "swing". It is "rotten" in a relatively poor environment. Can the civil servants test rotten?

On the one hand, the difficulty of examination civil servants is still quite large. The undergraduate test ratio of the college entrance examination is 3: 1, and the examination ratio of the postgraduate entrance examination is about 4: 1. The difficulty of being admitted to civil servants is far more difficult than being admitted to an undergraduate or a graduate student. On the other hand, the work of civil servants is definitely not "rotten". In terms of economic income and social security, the medical insurance, endowment insurance, and housing provident fund of civil servants are paid at the highest amount. In terms of work nature, non -force labor of civil servants is an office or manager in the curriculum organization. It belongs to the middle and upper occupations or middle classes that belong to society, and it is definitely not bad. Therefore, young people are not regarded as "rotten".

"Visual": Does the popular discussions on the Internet have moved the nest of ordinary students? Can you really be able to do it once and for all?

Wang Yuanchao: This problem should be discussed in the situation. The star test calculation is not a nest of ordinary students. If it is fair competition, it will not be able to talk about whose cake. Because this position itself is open to all eligible people in society, it is not a cake that belongs to a certain group. If the star test is performed under the strict examination system through the written interview, especially the star with the spotlight, the role of his star identity will be limited. , Also occupy another share.

In terms of probability, compared with the general public, the star test itself is a small probability event in a specific industry. It may only affect those who just apply for the same post with the celebrities. For us ordinary people, the stars' testing more attention is still the fairness and reasonable results.

"Visual": From refusing to iron rice bowls to hot entrepreneurial heat at the large factory, to the end of the universe, this job search change reflects what kind of psychological lack and appeal of young people in the current life?

Wang Yuanchao: The pursuit of preparation reflects a sense of security and the pursuit of certainty.

Of course, it also reflects the pursuit of quality of life or self -identification value. It is the result of rational selection in the context of society.

First of all, if we want to make a career choice, how is this rational choice process? In fact, it depends on multiple aspects. First, what results do you choose to bring? Second, the probability of this result. Third, what kind of income can this result bring? To put it easier, it is potential benefits and potential risks. For different people, the judgment of income is different. For example, some people like money, so I think money is more important. Some people love the rivers and mountains and mountains, and the consideration of most people in a group is one of the basic values ​​of this group. The pursuit of the young people reflects that this group is more excluded when the rational choice. It would rather sacrifice some risks with greater risks, and also pursue the benefits that can be stable.

Why is this so? In fact, the lack of this sense of security is good or the pursuit of stability. I think it is derived from the changes in the real and social environment, and it is an inevitable product in the process of modernization. Because unlike traditional society, modern society is a highly uncertain society, and sociology calls it a risk society.

In traditional society, people's daily experience is very simple. The traffic, chickens and dogs meet, and old deaths do not meet each other. Basically, the life of a village can be self -sufficient. From birth to death, it is basically at a glance. But modern society is different. It is a highly divided society and a society with extremely complex life experience. Especially with the rapid development of technology, modern society has become a society where time and space extension with time and space. People and things outside of 10,000 miles can be very strange to affect our own lives. Everyone's destiny is bound to many people who are not related. In the face of this diversity choice, we will also bear the risk of diversity. In just decades, Chinese society has experienced sharp social changes, especially young people. Young people grow up in the process of modernization. The younger the younger, the more modernity, the more modernity and the risk of this modernity. Therefore, young people lack a sense of security and pursue stability. This is a very natural psychological phenomenon in a context of great social changes.

But in the end, the choice of Kao Gong is not only an evasion of risks. It is also a post -materialism pursuit in the concept of value. Because the changes in human society are internal associations, economic, politics, and culture are associated. The core task of traditional society is to survive. The core of industrial society or pre -modern society is rapid economic growth. Then our modern society says that the core of the postmodern society is the maximum happiness. Simply put, modernization will make people more and more care about spiritual experience. Our contemporary young people live in an era of rich material, no strong memory of life, and more care about their dignity. In this case, when you enter the large enterprise factory, it is actually entering the market as a labor force. People have become a bargaining product that can be traded. But how could people be a commodity? Sociologists mentioned very early that labor has become a commodity itself. Therefore, some young people test the public. What he escapes is not just the risk of being dismissed at any time, but a disgust about the value concept of "being dismissed" itself.

I would rather make less money, and I want to live a more decent. It is so many comprehensive influence that so many people now want to go to civil servants more and more. I think this is the case.

"Visual": How do you understand the controversy of the "town to be a town" online? Is the town doing the subject of the test and the main force of the test and the test.

Wang Yuanchao: I think it is not an academic concept in the town. If it is calculated according to the origin, and the family resources are divided into three levels: upper, middle, and down, then we can roughly understand that the town as a town may be excellent in education. Family origin. For these people, the test -editing test is a reasonable choice.

Because when many occupations are competing, he tests not only personal capacity capital, but also the economic capital and social capital of your family. This is actually a legal tool for elite production. The elite class will not allow the middle and lower layers to flow upwards, and it will set various obstacles. For example, if a person wants to enter the top financial company or law firm, it must first start with an internship of unpaid or low base salary. And these companies are almost in large cities, and their living costs are very high. Born in ordinary "town as a questioner", their family's economic resources can support him for these internships, and there is no enough social network capital to help him recommend it. So these occupations. It is more difficult and not fair for the town to be a town.

The test and compilation are more open and transparent. It is supervised by the country and the supervision of the society. Aside from a wave of income, at least this is a more fair choice. The upper layers of the social class are small and there are many lower levels. The main force of society is to be a town town. When the town is doing the questioner to compile the public, the test system must become a wave of waves. For them, this is also the most reasonable but more fair choice.

Care: Douban has a group called 985 waste. In today's social context, do you recognize the "useless theory of reading" and "the cold door is difficult to produce noble son"?

Wang Yuanchao: First of all, I do n’t recognize reading. Because there is no doubt that with the modernization of the present society, the principles of performance will become more and more dominant principles of social resource allocation. That is to say, you can get your ability to rely on you, not your origin.

This is brought by social division of labor. The technical requirements of each occupation are getting stronger and stronger, and the status of human capital in professional competition is indispensable. You must have the ability. If you have no ability, you cannot get everything depending on the relationship. Although there is inequality in education itself. For example, what independent enrollment counseling classes, but you can't deny the role of education in the upward flow.

The extreme thing we say is one sentence: you may be useful or useless, but you must be useless if you don't read.

How to understand the "difficult" of the cold gate depends on the reference standard.

The problem of this cold door in sociology, we call it social flow, which is a change from one position in the social class structure to another position. It has absolute flow and relative flow. What we discuss here should be relatively mobile opportunities. Compared with traditional society, there is no doubt that it is easier to flow up now, because the intergenerational transmission of intergenerational resources in traditional society is completely unlimited. For example, officials can be hereditary, and your origin is highly related to social status. However, if you compared with the period of the early 1990s or early 1990s, compared with the rapid development of the market economy, I think it is difficult to admit that the current upward flow is difficult, and there are social reasons behind it.

Because first flowing up, it requires a sufficient upper position in the social class structure. In the era of rapid development of market economy and rapid progress in modernization, the professional structure of the two generations has undergone drastic changes. In the society, a large number of management positions appeared at that time, and a large number of enterprises and white -collar workers appeared. Almost both parents of the post -70s and 80s were farmers, and the professional structure of the two generations changed significantly. Hanmen can naturally produce Guizi. But now differently, our economic growth rate has slowed down, the transformation of the industrial structure has become complete, the professional structure of society will not change violently, the social flow is naturally planned, and the professional structure of the two generations naturally does not have obvious absolute significance. Differences.

Another is that at the beginning of the reform and opening up, some vested interest groups were formed. They have built such a mechanism of social closed or social exclusion to realize the replacement of their social status. This lag effect of social inequality will appear. Popularly speaking, the parents of the post -70s and 80s are poor, and there is not much difference between poor. Therefore, when their descendants are competing for a certain occupational status, there is no difference between support that can provide at home. But now the resource status of parents after the 90s and 00s is significantly different. Some parents buy a house and car for their children, so that they do not worry about going to big cities to fight, but some parents still need their children to make money early. I can't even learn it. In this case, the children of Hanmen are definitely more difficult to get out.

But if we make a horizontal comparison, compared with countries around the world, our current social liquidity rate is relatively high. Some experts have done statistics that in the United States, Germany, Spain, Norway, Sweden and 10 developed countries and 10 transformation countries, we are in one comparison. China ranks fourth. We are the fourth and fair countries in the world. On the one hand, I think it is because our college entrance examination system is more fair than the educational system of other countries, and it is more beneficial to Hanmen students. On the other hand, China is still in a rapid social transformation of economic growth and urbanization. There are still many opportunities in our society, which does not exist in mature social economies.

So the situation of our country is relatively optimistic.

"Visual": Where is the town's way out? What space and opportunities should be given to the town to be a town?

Wang Yuanchao: The interior of the town is still very restrained. It is impossible for us to say their way out in general. This is also a basic feature of modern society.

Modern society is an uncertain society, facing a diverse choice, and the more modern cities with a higher degree of modernization. The more obvious this characteristic, the richer and more advanced industrial structures in large cities, and can provide more technical and management occupations. You can't find it in a small city.

Secondly, the application of performance principles in the allocation of social resources is wider in large cities. That is to say, in large cities, it is more important than ability. Your work really needs ability and hard power, so the opportunities of big cities are more and more fair.

If you are interested in hard work, don't be afraid of suffering, it is recommended to go to big cities. But for those who do not want to eat too much bitter and have not said that they must enter the top of society, I think that new first -tier cities such as hometown provincial capitals will be a better choice. Because with the continuous radiation from this large city to surrounding areas, the new first -tier cities are gradually undertaking the industrial transfer of the major cities, and the professional structure of society is becoming more and more abundant. The more perfect, the cost of life is not so high, so it is a good choice.

What should our society do? I think the most important thing is to build a fair and smooth upward channel.

For example, education is the most important ladder that flows upward. Then we should strengthen the equality in education in various ways and limit the impact of family background on education. Then, to guide the industrial structure of new first -tier cities or second -tier cities, so that those high -quality employment opportunities can be distributed more uniformly in space, improved these talents, thereby achieving a virtuous circle.

In terms of social consciousness, there should be some subtraction for life in the information age. Sometimes the information we have contacted has been screened. Public opinion likes to rendering anxiety in order to cater to evil taste. But the evaluation system in this society has never been a line. Young people should have the courage to adhere to a diverse attitude of life.

"Visual": How should ordinary people live in this era, or what kind of life do we need?

Wang Yuanchao: Each generation has his mission, and every generation will encounter his setbacks. Compared with the post -70s and post -80s, we have less opportunities. We have not ushered in the era of rapid development of the market economy, but at the same time, we do not have the confusion and unconfidence of their generation, and we do not have the memory of the hunger era after the 60s and 50s.

So it can be said that it is "uncomfortable", but each generation has his difficulties.

We must first have a better understanding of this era and do some retrieval for life. The material production is becoming more and more rich. We are now facing a consumer era. It uses new forms to surround and alien people.

Don't think about getting everything in your face or in a short period of time. It is better to think about what your core needs are, then make necessary sacrifices, and finally implement your choice firmly.

"Visual": In the end, do you have to share it with readers who are visual? For example, the young people who have just been out of campus and are naked in all walks of life?

Wang Yuanchao: I think young is the biggest capital.

We have talked about so many rational choices before. In fact, we must notice that people can never make absolute rational choices. Because the information we get is asymmetric, we can never make a clear assessment of the status quo, make a clear and correct judgment on the probability and result of various choices. This is impossible. The memory of our brain is limited, and our ability to process information is affected by emotion all the time. So under any circumstances, the choice of choices is limited and even correct, so many times we will regret it, and it will be better if we feel that "if it can come back"? No one knows. So my idea is to listen to the suggestions of others and give ourselves a richer judgment information. The most important thing is that we must make choices according to our own value pursuit and bravely try.

The road is twists and turns, but the future is bright, because our biggest capital is young, and the most afraid is that we dare not try anything.

There are only two kinds of people in this world that are particularly successful. Essence

Life is the ocean that cannot see the front bank and the manpower cannot predict the wind and rain.

Then we are all naked swimmers soaked in the water, we will try our best to grab the floating woods thrown by fate, and it looks like a crowded and rough sea of ​​life, which seems to be smooth and smooth, but it is secretly hard.

I wish the students in the world to pay their wishes, just the students and the young man,

I also wish you a bit of hardship in every vortex of life, and to regain a little courage to life because of this article.

Where is the shore, where will it be drifted tomorrow, no one can answer;

There is no life in life. But we have a boat to fight the board.

Running, towards the shore! The humid all the way can also be infinitely beautiful.

16 / jul / 2022

Produced: Visual Visual

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