Experts interpretation 丨 The environmental issues of new pollutants jointly control with the international community

New pollutants endanger the ecological environment and human health, which is one of the global environmental issues. The Party Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to the governance of new pollutants. Recently, the General Office of the State Council issued the "New Pollutant Governance Action Plan" (National Office [2022] No. 15, referred to as the "Action Plan"), which pointed out the direction for new pollutants in the future. The "Action Plan" reflects the idea of ​​actively participating in global environmental governance, and is of great significance for building a beautiful China and the community of life of the earth. A new pollutant is the environmental risk of joint challenges in the world. New pollutants are mainly composed of artificial synthetic chemicals. Drops revealed by "Silent Spring" are one of the chemicals with typical new pollutants. Its harm is over half a century and involves every corner of the world. Starting from protecting the ecological environment and human health, developed countries such as Europe, America, and Japan have been legislative and controlling the environmental risks of toxic and harmful chemicals since the 1970s. In 1992, the Rio Environment and Development Conference of Brazil clarified the global environmental risk plan to reduce chemicals. Subsequently, the world gradually took action and controlled some new movements with long -distance migration and could cause environmental and healthy hazards to the world. Pollutants. Among the seventeen items reached by the United Nations in 2015, the target 3, 6, and 12 of the target 3, 6 and 12 involved the treatment of new pollutants. For example, by 2030, the death of toxic and harmful chemicals and air, water and soil pollution And the number of sick people. The governance of some new pollutants requires global actions. In addition to durable, biological accumulation, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity and other biological toxicity, some new pollutants also have the potential for long -distance migration. Migration and deposits in areas far away from its emissions point cause worldwide environmental pollution. The governance of such new pollutants needs to take global common actions. To this end, the international community passed the Stockholm Convention on the "Stockholm Convention" (referred to as the Stockholm Convention) in 2001. At present, the Stockholm Convention has 30 types of persistent organic pollutants. Through global operations, more than ten types of production and use have been eliminated worldwide. New pollutants in the second control will be a wide range of long -term tasks, which are widely related to economic development and production and life. China is a great country for production and exports. According to the United Nations Administration of Environmental Agency's "Outlook for Globalization", Chinese chemical sales accounted for 37.2%of the world in 2017, and it is expected to reach 50%of the world in 2030. New chemicals that are newly listed and evaluated for the Stockholm Convention, such as short-chain chlorine chlorine chlorine chlorine chloroplastine, ten bromodylexyl ether, pale cloned, poisonous crickets, UV-328 (UV-328), etc. China is the main production country Essence There are many consumption industries for these chemicals, and some chemicals are closely related to necessities such as agricultural production, daily necessities, semiconductors, and aerospace products. Safe, and their alternative development is difficult, there may be conflicts in terms of acquisition, performance, cost, environment and safety, etc., and it is difficult to achieve perfect beauty, which brings huge challenges to the governance of new pollutants in the future. One of the greater challenges to control new pollutants is to identify and evaluate and implement chemicals that are under production and use. Whether it is the US "Poisonous Material Control Act" or the EU's "Chemical Registration, Evaluation, Licensing and Restrictions" regulations of the European Union, it has been facing huge data and research and evaluation needs since its implementation. Management and control target. At the level of international conventions, the Stockholm Convention added only eighteen types of persistent organic pollutants in seventeen years. China is one of the most abundant types of chemicals. The existing chemical list includes more than 40,000 species, and nearly a hundred new chemicals are listed each year. Limited research information shows that according to the screening standard of the Stockholm Convention, there are more than 100 chemicals that meet durability and biological cumulative screening standards at the above list. Pollutants. Although the contribution of China's research results has been increasing in the process of adding new control substances in the Stockholm Convention, China still needs to carry out a large amount of data survey, environmental monitoring, environmental risk assessment and control, etc. pace of. In summary, new pollutants involve alternatives and reduction of displacement, large industrial scale and industrial chain length, which is closely related to industrial and agricultural production and life. The need for protecting the ecological environment and the development of human health and balanced economic development is an important basis for formulating a specific implementation of new pollutant governance plans. The identification and evaluation of new pollutants dependent on data that needs to be controlled, a large number of scientific research results, and the social and economic impact assessment of environmental risk assessment and control. It is extremely difficult for new pollutants governance to be comprehensive and coordinated. Third, with the international community, the environmental risk of new pollutants was jointly preventing the environmental risks of new pollutants. As early as 2001, China jointly promoted the formulation of the Stockholm Convention and opened cooperation with the international community to control new pollutants.

For more than two decades, China has eliminated the production, use and emissions of a large number of new pollutants, and protects the global ecological environment and human health; the rapid growth of the national economy during the same period, of which the production of chemicals produced 37.2%of the year became one of the countries with the largest production and most varieties of chemicals, and people's lives have been improved. At the same time, China also faces new challenges and pressures. With the advancement of scientific cognition and the requirements of higher quality of life, some chemicals we used to think in the past are gradually being considered to be unsuitable for further production and use. Essence The implementation of the "Action Plan", China will jointly prevent the environmental risks of new pollutants with the international community. The first is to draw on the existing international convention mechanism and implement the management of new pollutants in accordance with international law. While improving the Chinese regulations and systems and establishing and improving the new pollutant governance system, the mechanism of using the international conventions to jointly conduct environmental risk identification, assessment and control of chemicals with the international community, not only realize China's governance of new pollutants, but also in China, but also is also in the governance of new pollutants, but also in the governance of new pollutants. Globally promote the governance of new pollutants, promote the green development of the global chemical industry, and achieve global environmental governance. The second is to increase the national and enterprises' scientific and technological investment in new pollutants, scientific decisions, and accurate control. Fully understanding scientific research and other decision -making information is the foundation for governing new pollutants, continuously increase the scientific and technological investment of the state and enterprises to govern new pollutants, master the sources, return trends, harm and governance technologies of potential new pollutants, scientific decision -making, and achieve accurate accuracy Effective control. The third is to use international scientific research and management experience to evaluate early and screen out key management and control new pollutants, and establish mechanisms to implement control. Actively carry out international cooperation. In the case of lack of research information in China, for some potential new pollutants that may not meet the global migration attributes, make full use of global forces, especially scientific research and management experience to promote and accelerate the screening and environment of China's new pollutants Risk control. At the same time, the capital mechanism of the international convention is used to establish an international, state, local and enterprise funding mechanism for governing new pollutants. The fourth is to continue to help other developing countries to strengthen the environmental governance capacity of new pollutants, spread Chinese knowledge and Chinese experience, and prevent the transfer of new pollutants. As a developing country, China's experience, research and management experience of new pollutants may be suitable for other developing countries. China can continue to provide performance technology training and capacity building to developing countries, help other developing countries to prevent new pollutants' transfer as products or waste, and contribute to the construction of the Chinese life community. New pollutant governance operations reflect the historical responsibility of the Party Central Committee's participation, contribution, and leading the global environmental governance, and will continue to contribute to the global environmental governance of China, Chinese wisdom and Chinese power. New pollutant governance operations are also the need to build a beautiful China, maintaining the needs of sustainable green chemistry and economic growth in China. Building a new pollutant governance system in China, protecting the earth's homes, helping to achieve global pursuit of high -quality life, achieving sustainable development goals in 2030, achieving harmonious symbiosis of human and nature, and building a community of life on the earth. Author 丨 Hu Jianxin (Professor of the School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University)

Supply 丨 The Department of Solid waste and chemicals of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment

Edit 丨 Zhang Bing

- END -