Can Chinese medicine perform cataract surgery?This is how Mao Zedong's eyes are cured
Author:Look at the think tank Time:2022.07.16
At 11:30 pm on July 23, 1975, Mao Zedong's residence study, a long -awaited surgery began.
The purpose of the surgery is to treat Mao Zedong's left -eye cataract. The attending doctor was a 49 -year -old Chinese medicine medicine, and Tang Yizhi, the attending physician of the Department of Ophthalmology at Beijing Guang'anmen Hospital. Different from ordinary Chinese medicine, he is good at surgery, especially aconite.
According to Tang Yizhi's memories, the nursing test of his heartbeat reached 120 times per minute, and some doctors overturned the kettle to the ground. Mao Zedong has always been calm, listening to the "Manjiang Red" played by the wire recorder for undergoing surgery. Tang Yizhi settled the surgery in just four or five minutes. The result was very successful. After a short period of rehabilitation, Mao Zedong saw the light in his left eye. When I was happy, Mao Zedong wanted to come to the paper and write down Lu Xun's poem "How many pride is like the old, the flowers bloom and fall into two reasons" and give it to Tang Yizhi. (Meng Lanying's "Eye Expert Tang Youzhi: Chairman Mao listened to" Man Jiang Hong "for surgery")
So why can Chinese medicine perform cataract surgery?
In fact, as early as a thousand years ago, Chinese medicine had preliminary cataract surgery.
Text | Professor of History and Culture at the School of History and Culture, Shaanxi Normal University
Edit | Xie Fang Watch Think Tank
This article is a book -looking think tank book. It is excerpted from the "How to Change Our History" published by the Chinese Book Bureau in April 2021. The original title is "Dialing White Internal Classes -A History of a Legendary Surgery". Watching think tank viewpoint.
Tang Youzhi (left) was undergoing golden needles. Figure ｜ Xinhua News Agency
1
Origin
The needle white internal barrier surgery held by Tang Yizhi was improved on the basis of ancient needle dialing. The needle dial -white internal barrier is also called "Jin Yan (read as BI, four sounds)". It is named after using gold needles as a surgical tool. Entering China.
On March 2, 1978, the Beijing Representative who attended the first session of the Fifth National People's Congress at the group discussion conference from the front row: physicist Lin Lanying, gynecological expert Lin Qiaoshui, and ophthalmologist Tang Yizhi. Figure ｜ Xinhua News Agency
The "Big Nirvana Scripture" translated during the Beiliang period: It is Shi Liangyi to decide its eye membrane with Jin Yan.
"錍 (read as Pi, one sound)" is also "鈚", which is a flat -like tool -like tool -like tool, which develops into the so -called "golden needle" into later generations.
This operation during the Northern and Southern Dynasties has been applied. "Liang Shu" Volume 22 "The Five Ancestors of Puyang · Poyang Zhonglie Wang Hui Biography": Later, there are ills, long -term abandoned views, and the northern Taoist Huilong to cure eyes. Spell ... and Huilong's needle, suddenly it is caused by sincerity.
In the Tang Dynasty, this surgery was more widely used, leaving marks in many celebrities. Du Fu's "Autumn Grand Mansion Yong Huai Sending Zheng Jian Li Guest One Hundred Rhyme": "Golden Eye scrapes his eyes, mirror elephants have not left." . Both eyes are dark first, middle -aged like old man. Looking at Zhu Jian Chengbi, the shame is not the wind.
2
Bai Juyi's eye disease
Among the many patients, Bai Juyi was very eye -catching. After middle age, he suffered from cataracts. He had a poor effect for long -term medical treatment. He finally decided to solve it by surgery. To this end, he wrote "Two Eye Diseases": "Thousands of snow in the air, a meal on the mask. When the sun is clear, the flowers are not seen in spring. Dizziness in the liver's house. He Zengxuan on both ends, and the strength of the medicine is slightly vast. " Tree theory, the virtual twist of Cuba Pill in the box. The prescriptions on earth should be useless, and the golden crickets are scratched. "
Japanese scholars buried Tian Chongwu's "Eye Disease's Meaning to Bai Juyi -what did vision disorders bring to poets" and believed that "Two Eye Diseases" was written when Bai Juyi was 54 years old.
From the perspective of symptoms and age, Bai Juyi seems to have cataracts. However, in the "Book of the Yuan Jiu", "Fluthards are like a flying bead in the eyes, and the number of tens of thousands" seems to have flying mosquitoes. In "Flowers and Flowers", "Flowers are not flowers, fog non -fog. Come in the middle of the night, go to the sky. If you come to the spring dream, you will go to the clouds without finding it." The symptoms of morning light seem to prove that there are glaucoma.
In order to solve the distress of "seeing the sunny scenery like a fog", Bai Juyi has repeatedly sought solutions. Judging from the verses, he may also help monks and doctors at the same time. "The monk said that the guest Chen came to the horizon", the so -called "guest dust" is a Buddhist term, which refers to the foreign troubles that stain the mind, and are symmetrical with "self -purity".
Doctors believe that "wind dizziness is in the liver's house", that is, the wind is dizziness. Wind dizziness is a medical term, which may include epilepsy, migraine, hypertension, etc. today's people call. Traditional medicine believes that liver does not hide blood, blood gas loses, and wind evil is superior. "The records," Dragon Tree Bodhisattva Eye Theory "also has the cause of" liver fever "and" liver wind ", so there is the saying of" wind dizziness in the liver house ". Moreover, the doctor also advised Bai Juyi to quit alcohol. This is Bai Juyi's weakness. He loves alcohol all his life, "good life in life", and alcohol is the enemy of all eye diseases.
Bai Juyi may also help Taoist priests, while Taoist priests adhere to the principles of quiet and inaction advise him to "give up early."
In the helplessness, Bai Juyi also read the medical book by himself. The so -called "Dragon Tree Theory" should be "Dragon Tree Bodhisattva Eye". The ophthalmology book may be a book in the Sui and Tang dynasties. influences. The book records Jin Yanshu: "If the cricket has been completed, it is not as good as the soup medicine, and the apprenticeship is 10 million, and there is no effect. Only the gold needle is allocated, such as the cloud and see the day." Bai Juyi said: " Dragon tree theory, the virtual twisting Cuba pill in the box. The recipes on the world should be useless, and the golden crickets are scratched. "It should be that the drug treatment is invalid after watching" Dragon Tree Theory ", so it is forced to help Jinye Square. Essence However, this operation has a greater risk, "This rule of law five or six, and the governance is also four or five" ("Original Kaiwei"). It is unknown whether Bai Juyi is eliminated for the disease. From the perspective of his illness poems in his later years, the situation does not seem to be completely alleviated, and he still complains about "eye stun" from time to time. However, Bai Juyi lived to be over 70 years old, and the quality of life seemed to be good. He also proudly gave poetry: "There are halls and courts, bridges and boats. It must be fluttered. I am content to be content, and there is no need to ask for it. "(" Pond of the Chi ") So those poems that lamented stunned in later years may include the exaggerated habits of the poet.
3
From Hu Yaohu to localization
India's realm is hot and there are many patients with eye diseases. This is about an important factor in promoting advanced ophthalmic medicine. Therefore, Indian Eye Medicine is very popular in China. Liu Yuxi's poems mentioned just now are presented to "Brahmin monk". The so -called Brahmin monk has widened various medical activities in China, and even Tang Taizong had taken his elixir. When Nanzhao attacked Chengdu in the late Tang Dynasty, he also robbed the Hu Renyan in the city (most likely Indian doctor).
In terms of ophthalmology, Indian medicine has also had an important impact. For example, agate, part of the northern parts of modern China is produced by agate, but most of the agate before the Song Dynasty came from the exotic. Agate had a variety of writing in ancient literature. The transliteration of words. "Taiping Royal Lan" Volume 808 Malaysian brain strips: "Emperor Wei Wen said:" The Brain Brain Fu "said: The jade is also from the Western Regions.
Agate is often used by Hu Yi to treat eye diseases, especially cataracts. Tang Chenzang's "Materia Medica Pickling": "The main eye is obstacle, for the end, daylight." Li Shizhen included this "Compendium of Materia Medica". This therapy is likely to be brought by Hu Yi.
For example, Hu Yan produced in the northwest can see its relationship with overseas medicine from its name. "Song Book Zhang Shao's Needle Biography": "Hu Salt therapy pain." Chen Ming's "Medical Essence": Example Analysis of Classical Medicine in Dunhuang " It can be seen that the pursuit of medicinal salt at that time.
Later, medicinal salt in Northwest China even became an important tool for economic and political struggle. "Book of Plaza Yuan Gui" records that Tang Yuan and five years have been said to be the Weibei Party's Xiang Tuoba Public Political Police. high profit. These salt later became one of the economic foundations of Xixia.
Although Hu Yi and Hu Ya have a halo in the field of ophthalmology, the cases of failure are not uncommon. Jianzhen monk is one of the parties.
During the fifth time to eastward (Tianbao Seven Carrons, 748), the vessels that Jianzhen rides encounters a storm, drifting on the sea for fourteen days, and finally leaned on Zhenzhou, Hainan Island, and later returned to the mainland from there. Essence During the way, the important assistant of Jianzhen died one after another. He was in a depressed mood, and the tropical destruction of the tropical eyes had a problem with his eyes. Jianzhen is proficient in medicine, but it may be because of the tradition of "do not autonomy" or was confused by Hu Yi's aura. Objectives, please add treatment, eyes are blind "(" Tang Da and Shangdong Zheng Chuan ").
This is a failed treatment. It is unclear whether it is eye disease, whether there are surgical methods, and where to make mistakes. The only thing that is determined is that Jian Zhen's eyes have lost their light. But about this, it was because of this that it added a strong note to his unwavering spirit. Tightening the purpose of closure has become a synonymous and representative figure of Chinese and Japanese cultural exchanges.
Another failure is "unsuitable". The cataract method cannot be applied to all cataract patients, and Du Mu has gone through such a painful process. His brother Du Yan (read as yi, three sounds, which means quiet, solemn and respectful). He was a naval shogunate official, suffering from cataract, and seeking medicine in Yangzhou. The public collection, so I asked Shigong to gather in Yangzhou to perform a needle in the white internal barrier surgery, but it was still not cured.
In the second year of Huichang (842), "Junzhou Jun Jun" told the Du brothers that there is also a eye doctor Zhou Shida in Tongzhou. The diagnosis was mistakenly believed that Du Yan's illness was not suitable for performing surgery. In addition to the red veins, there must be good medicine, an unknown "(" The Prime Minister of the Prime Minister for Huzhou Second "). Leave without measures.
The "red pulse" mentioned here may refer to leukoplasts and corneal blood vessels, and the blood vessels stretch to the pupils and wrap the cornea, which will cause blindness. The modern surgery is still risky, and the Tang people are even more unable to deal with it. Du Mu brothers can only shift from extreme hope to extreme disappointment. It can be seen that the "This rule of law" is not a word in the "This rule of law, and those who are not governed." Since the Tang Dynasty, the internal barriers have become part of the traditional Chinese medicine. The color of Hu Ren has gradually faded, and many local famous doctors have been produced around it. In the Song Dynasty, Su Shi once had "Gift to Eye Doctor Wang Shengyan Ruo", which recorded the scene of the intra -needle leaning in the needle. Such as disassembling the house. "
Su Shi is a person full of curiosity. He is courageous to try anything new. He often has the spirit of breaking the casserole to ask for the end. When watching the surgery, he saw Wang Yanruo's needle like a god and went to the house to dismantle. Following him, he began to doubt Wang Yanruo's spell: "Often suspicion of good fantasies, he wishes in his techniques." Ancient medical witch is not distinguished, and medical practitioners are also common. "Lenovo", but Wang Yanruo came to comment: "Ziyan Yan has a way, this one is not noticeable." Generally, I have my own method. You can’t understand this principle. It is clear that Su Shi's further exploring scientific spirit was simply blocked.
The reason why Wang Yan rejected Su Shi's inquiry, it is estimated that in addition to the complex surgery techniques, it is difficult to explain a clear explanation, and there is also an important factor in confidentiality. The so -called "taught apprentices and starved to death" is the consensus of all technical classes in ancient China. Ancient Chinese doctors are dominated by secular doctors. Lives refer to the market and eat them in a fresh one.
Sun Siyi once said that some doctors and even father and son are strictly confidential, and the field of ophthalmology is naturally no exception. Even the name of the medicine is full of tricks, and the purpose is to keep it secret.
In the Song Dynasty, Hong Mai's "Yi Jianzhi" remembered that someone in Fuzhou had eye diseases. Friends Zhao Zichun claimed that there was a special effect of "two hundred flavors of grass flower paste". The "large" prescription of 200 -flavored medicine is almost impossible, so when the patient can question when the two hundred flavors can be made up? After a few days, Zhao Zichun brought medicine for medicine, and it really worked. The patient healed soon. After repeated questions, it may be because of friendship. Zhao Zichun explained that the medicine is actually just a cricket, removed the fat, and dry the powder. Since there are only two flavors, why is it called "two hundred flavors of grass flower paste"? "Plugs hundreds of flowers and eat hundreds of grass with bees", two "hundreds" are added to two hundred, the purpose is "hidden its name to dazzle people." This kind of confidentiality makes people laugh.
The "Secret Ophthalmology Dragon Wood theory" in the Song Dynasty: "It is not a doctor's exaggeration, and the golden gold will never pass." It is also a manifestation of this kind of confidential behavior.
4
Light of technology that stretches for thousands of years
There is also a story about the internal barrier in the Song Dynasty. In the twelfth year of Shaoxing (1142), Song Jinhe discussed. At the time of the trip, Song Qinzong begged Gao Zong to return to Gao Zong, if he could return to Song, as long as he was the master of Taiyi Palace. Wei Fei cried and answered: "I return first, and I do n’t welcomes the monarchs, and I’ m not looking at it. ”But after I returned, she dared not propose to welcoming Song Qinzong. It is very embarrassing and the location is not guaranteed. Whoever dares to mention this is to touch Song Gaozong's bottom line.
In his later years, Wei's illness was ill and recruited doctors for treatment. This matter was recorded in Volume 46, "Song History": "Huangfutan, Shu Zhijiang people. Good medicine. Raise his doctor, Lin'an Shouchen Zhang Ye heard it. Gao Zong called and asked why he was governed, and said: 'The heart of the heart is to be safe, and the human Lord does not do the world. , Establish. Emperor Xi, give it a lot, and give nothing. "
However, in the "Xue Luzhai Note", it is recorded as follows: "After Song Xianren, Wei was blind, and the medical recipients did not work. On the right, the newspaper is not stingy. The Taoist priest said: 'After that at a glance, they can see the oath at a glance. The reason for the treatment was to remind Wei's vows that the year.
It is true that the Taoist priests have the courage to challenge the bottom line of Song Gaozong. Maybe "Xue Luzhai Note" records only a "paragraph", but the popularity of this paragraph also reflects the people from the side to dial the internal obstacles of the needle. Approve of technical attributes.
After the Song Dynasty, the medical books that described the internal barrier of the needle were endless. For example, "Dragon Wood theory" is very likely to be born of "Dragon Tree Theory" that Bai Juyi said, avoiding the name of Song Yingzong Zhao Shu to the current name, but the content is richer and will be richer. Society of cataracts, congenital, trauma, and concurrent hairstyles are distinguished. The book has also become a textbook for Song Tai Medical Bureau.
In the Song Dynasty "Taiping Shenghui Fang", the Yuan Dynasty "Original Micro", the Ming Dynasty "Yinhai Jingwei" (named Sun Siyi), "Certificate of Certificate of Treatment", "Review Yaohan" during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Zhang in the Qing Dynasty "Zhang" "Yantong", "Medical Zong Jin Jian", "Metropolitan Scripture", etc., all have records about this operation. "Dragon Tree Bodhisattva Eye Theory" also spread to North Korea and became part of "Treasure Book of the East Medical".
"East Lake Collection" even records that the doctor advised the patient: your white cricket is not thick enough, so you can eat more "hair products" at the time of surgery. Essence This calmness is undoubtedly based on rich experience. The "Dacheng Da Cheng" in the Qing Dynasty attributed this operation to eight methods: one is a trial, the second is the finishing touch, the third is shot, the fourth is to explore, the fifth is disturbing the sea, the sixth is rolling, the seventh round mirror, the seventh round mirror, the seventh round mirror, the seventh round lens, Eight Yue finish. At that time, the needle dipping internal barriers can be said to have become increasingly mature. For example, for the inlet site (corneal and outer crickets), and the location of the position after cataract peeling, etc., they are quite scientific.
It can be said that it was standing on the shoulders of the ancients that Tang Yizhi had the invention of the cataracts. Although there are now more advanced treatment methods than the white internal barrier, it still can't hide the glittering of this operation. This is a technology that has been radiated in the Silk Road and stretched for more than thousands of years.
Uncle Kuju
"How to change our history"
Chinese Book Company
This book uses the means of disease and response to the disease as the window of "reading history". In the impact of disease on the historical process, we must also see the impact of various means adopted by health and longevity on the historical process in order to fight diseases, pursue health and longevity, and the impact of diseases on ancient Chinese thoughts, and the changes in many people's lives.
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