Experts interpretation 丨 Construction of toxic and harmful chemicals environmental risk management "sieve and control" system system promotes new pollutant governance

The Party Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to the management of new pollutants. The "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the In -depth Pollution Prevention and Control Battle" requires to strengthen the treatment of new pollutants and put forward the work goals of the new pollutant's ability to govern the new pollutants by 2025. At present, my country's ecological environmental protection work has gradually governed from sensory indicators such as "haze" and "black odor", and the development of new pollutants with a longer -term and concealed harm hidden behind the "sky blue water". The treatment of new pollutants is a concrete manifestation of the in -depth battle against pollution prevention and control to further extend the depth and expand breadth. Recently, the General Office of the State Council issued the "New Pollutant Governance Action Plan" (National Office [2022] No. 15, referred to as the "Action Plan"), which comprehensively deployed the management of new pollutants. The idea, proposed the construction of the "screen, evaluation, control" system of environmental risk management of toxic and harmful chemical substances, and the entire process management and control system of "prohibition, reduction, and governance. Key measures and important basis. First adhere to precision pollution control and establish a new pollutant environmental risk screening and evaluation system. The production and use of the new pollutants that should be controlled by the new pollutants that should be controlled and controlled by key management and control are the main sources of new pollutants. Unlike conventional pollution prevention and control, the complexity of new pollutants is that there are many types of toxic and harmful chemicals, a wide range of sources, and hidden environmental risks. When determining the treatment of each new pollutant governance Environmental management countermeasures. my country is a major produce and consumer country with chemical substances. There are many types of chemicals and large quantities. The environmental risk of preventing a large number of chemicals must be gradually focused on the control of the control of the control or toxic chemical substances that have caused or may cause high environmental risks or severe pollution through step -by -step screening to achieve precise policies. The chemical material hierarchical screening and evaluation system proposed by the "Action Plan" is to solve the technical path of scientific screening and accurate positioning and control objects of high -environmental risk chemicals. The hierarchical screening evaluation usually needs to cover the following three links. The first step is to identify toxic and harmful chemicals, master the characteristics and migration and transformation characteristics of chemicals, and determine the type and degree of chemicals. At present, most of the chemicals are incomplete data, make up for the lack of data as soon as possible, and accelerate the development and application of harm testing and predictive technology. It is a key technical issue that needs to be solved at this stage. The second step is to start with a large environmental and large -scale, frequent inspection of the environment, and the large production and use of toxic and harmful chemicals. Combined with the environmental hazards and exposure of chemicals, the potential environmental risk is large. Carry out chemicals for environmental risk assessment. At this stage, the foundation of new pollutants in my country is weak, and the environmental exposure of toxic and harmful chemicals is not yet mastered. It is necessary to continue to dynamically develop chemical environmental surveys in key areas, key industries, and typical industrial parks. Materials provide data support for determining priority assessment of chemical substances and strengthening environmental risk control. The third step for the priority assessment of chemicals included in the priority assessment plan, further carried out comprehensive environmental risk assessment, and found chemicals with high environmental risks and should be prioritized. Anchoring new pollutants should be key control. Because people's awareness of chemicals' harm is a continuous process, the screening and environmental risk assessment of chemical substances need to be continuously carried out and continuously advanced. Essence Second, adhere to scientific pollution control, follow the "principles of risk prevention" and "the concept of life cycle management", and clarify the environmental risks of new pollutants governance and key measures that are toxic and harmful chemicals run through chemical production, processing, consumption, and abandonment of chemicals. In the process, controlling the environmental risks of new pollutants need to pay attention to different forms of different stages of the life cycle of chemicals, including the form of pollutants after product forms and emissions entering the environment, and the entire process control must be implemented. At the same time, in accordance with the principles of curbing and reducing potential chemicals environmental risks before the occurrence of damage, prevention management is implemented. The "Action Plan" proposes the whole process control idea covering three key links three key links "forbidden, subtraction, and governance". The first is to "forbidden" to prevent new pollutants from entering the environment from the source. The measures include: prohibit high hazards or high -environmental risk new chemicals, prohibit or restrict the production and use of high -environmental risk chemicals, and restrict the medium high environmental risk chemical substances in products. Content, etc. The second is "reduction", which aims to reduce the discharge of new pollutants in the process of production, use, and consumption. The main measures include the implementation of mandatory cleaning production audits, the implementation of the best technologies, the best environmental practice, and preventing the production process. The unintentional leakage and release of the mid -to -environment, at the same time, through green design and green product development, etc., reduce the production and use of new pollutants. The third is "governance", coordinating the coordinated governance of the atmosphere, water, and soil, and the environmental management of solid waste environmental management and soil repair treatment, etc., to further reduce the impact of new pollutants on the environment.

The environmental risk prevention and control system of "prohibition, reduction, and governance" is based on the specific characteristics of the environmental risks and key links of chemical material environmental risks. Fresh the whole process, cover various categories, and take multiple measures to control the environmental risks of new pollutants. Third, the institutional system that adheres to pollution in accordance with the law and improves the governance of new pollutants, and forms a long -term mechanism for the governance of new pollutants. One is to strengthen the construction of laws and regulations and technical standards systems, and establish and improve the new pollutant governance system. Through the research and formulation of chemical material environmental information surveys, environmental survey monitoring, environmental risk assessment, environmental risk control and other systems, gradually improve the management system of new pollutants governance, and strive to study and formulate the regulations on the management of environmental risk management of toxic and harmful chemicals, promote "sieve, The institutionalization of evaluation and control "system. Accelerate the revision of technical standards such as the evaluation of chemical material environmental risk assessment and the characteristics of the hazardous characteristics, establish and improve the technical standard system of environmental risk assessment and control of chemical material, and promote the standardization of the "screen, evaluation, and control" system. The second is to accelerate the establishment and improve the coordination mechanism of the country and local cross -departmental departments, and improve the governance mechanism of new pollutants. New pollutants involve many industry and long industrial chain, and multiple sectors need cross -border collaborative governance. It is urgent to establish a cross -department coordination mechanism for new pollutants participating in multiple departments to coordinate the management of new pollutants. In accordance with the principles of national overall planning, provincial general responsibilities, and city and county implementation, improve the management mechanism of new pollutants governance, and comprehensively implement the responsibility of new pollutant governance. Ensure that the tasks of the new pollutant governance action plan are rooted, and the effectiveness and energy of the implementation of the "sieve, evaluation, and control" system will be promoted. The third is to strengthen the construction of basic capabilities and scientific and technological support capabilities, and improve the governance capacity of new pollutants. Further strengthen the supervision, law enforcement and monitoring capabilities of the state and local and local new pollutants, consolidate the working foundation, and enhance the ability of new pollutants to govern and guarantee. At the same time, the key technologies of environmental risk assessment and governance are lacking, and related scientific research lags, especially in the fields of key technologies in the fields of harm identification, toxicity mechanism, high -throughput environmental monitoring, exposure prediction, pollution control, green replacement, etc. It is urgent to strengthen the management of new pollutants in the national science and technology plan, increase funding support, and ensure the scientific and advanced nature of the "sieve, evaluation, and control" system. Author 丨 Liu Guozheng (Director of the Solid waste and Chemical Management Technology Center of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment)

Supply 丨 The Department of Solid waste and chemicals of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment

Edit 丨 Qin Chao

Review 丨 Zhang Wei

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