Academician pulse: cracking agricultural sustainable development of the "card neck" problem

□ Our reporter Xu Xiaolei

Fertilizer and water are both agricultural production factors and important resources related to national food security. Doing a good job of fertilizer and water is not only a specific measure to implement the strategy of "hiding food in the ground, hiding food in the technology", but also an inevitable requirement for agriculture to enter a high -quality development stage. Over the years, my country's fertilizer and water work has achieved great achievements, which has maintained more than 1300 billion kg of grain output for 7 consecutive years, which has played an important role in promoting the high -quality development of agricultural green green. The disharmony of soil fertilizer and water has become increasingly prominent, and the deep -seated contradictions between agricultural development and fertilizer and water are becoming increasingly prominent.

How to develop healthy in the future? The fertilizer and water work is extremely unusual. We must seize the core of the problem, solve key contradictions, and focus on breaking the "card neck" technology in order to fundamentally achieve the goal of high -quality industrial development and promote the sustainable agricultural development of my country's agriculture. Recently, the reporter deeply felt this at the 23rd National Fertilizer Information Exchange and Product Fair Academician Forum. At the meeting, the four academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering focused on the core of China's fat and water development, and specially attacked the surgery industry, and sacrificed the way of cracking key problems.

Coupling breakthrough

Synchronous implementation of bean crops to reduce nitrogen fixation

At present, the improvement of soybean and oil production capacity has become a major strategic demand for our country, but in the face of the repeated epidemic situation of new crown pneumonia and the uncertain background of the international environment, the stable supply of soybeans and oils in my country faces greater risks and challenges. Therefore "Oil" has become an important measure to strengthen self -sufficiency and stabilize my country's consumption of oil and feed.

In the process of increasing soybean and oil production capacity, the most important thing is to solve how to reduce the fields of fields with bacteria, block the pollution of yellow gemyl toxin, improve the efficiency of symbiotic nitrogen fixation, and reduce the common problems in the production of these two major peanut soybeans.

To this end, Li Peiwu's scientific research team of the Chinese Academy of Engineering first proposed the scientific research concept of green obstruction of the source of yellow gembrokes and the simultaneous realization of nitrogen -fixed -nitrogen field coupling, explore the priority of peanut soybean ecosystems, a new way for green and low -carbon development, and finally successfully inventing reduced reduction reduction. Poisoning nitrogen coupling microbial bacteria fertilizer, through extensive test demonstrations, found peanut super tumor nitrogen fixing phenomena. The number of peanut tumors can be increased by more than 10 times, the tumor weight increases by 8.8 times, and the nitrogen enzyme activity is increased by more than 5 times. After the harvest, the abundance of toxic bacteria in the peanuts and fruit outerotoxin decreased by 66%, and the contents of peanuto ascocophalotoxin decreased by 83%. For two consecutive years, 17 demonstration sites in 15 provinces across the country have achieved generally reduced drug reduction and production, with an average increase of 7.5%in two years. Can achieve nitrogen reduction by 40%. In summary, it has achieved three increases and four reductions: increase production, increase efficiency, and increase safety; weight loss, carbon reduction, reduction, and toxin, which is expected to create a new model of peanut soybeans to reduce nitrogen-green-green low-carbon production.

Li Peiwu emphasized that the application of ARC coupling fertilizers is broad. If you promote 10 million acres, you can reduce 500,000 tons of CO2, open a new way for agricultural dual -carbon, reduce 5 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per acre, reduce emission 500,000 tons of CO2, nitrogen fertilizer is calculated at 2500 yuan/ton. 100 million yuan. This is of great significance for implementing the central government No. 1 document, promoting the development of peanut soybean industry, and ensuring food safety, food safety, feed safety and life health, green production, weight loss medicine, and carbon peak carbon neutralization.

High -water efficiency agriculture

Improve water utilization and production efficiency

The development of high -water efficiency agriculture is an important core issue to ensure the safety of national food. Kang Shaozhong, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, pointed out that water safety and food safety are the most basic support points for the sustainable development of human society. Food safety is the basic guarantee of national security, and water safety is the basis of food safety. The shortage of water resources will directly lead to fluctuations in food production, which will lead to a real food crisis on the source.

Kang Shaozhong said that irrigation agriculture is the main force of my country's agricultural production and the cornerstone of national food safety. However, my country's water resources are scarce, soil and soil are not adapted, and "water vacancies" are more serious than "land". Nearly 65%of my country's arable land is distributed north of Qinling Huaihe River, and water resources in these areas account for only 19%of my country's water resources distribution. The shortage of water resources has become a rigid constraint for the sustainable agricultural development, challenging the increasingly severe challenge. At the same time, ecological and environmental problems caused by the shortage of water resources and the increase in irrigation water are urgently needed to reduce the amount of irrigation water. However, blind reduction of irrigation water will lead to a decline in agricultural capacity and threaten national food safety and effective supply of agricultural products.

Therefore, Kang Shaozhong proposed that it is necessary to hide food in water and consolidate the protection of agricultural water for national food safety. Establish the "safe red line" of agricultural water; accelerate the construction of a national agricultural water network, accelerate the construction of smart agricultural water networks, and increase the guarantee rate of food safety water supply; fully tap the potential of the "South -to -North Water Diversion" project for food production. Subsidies are directly used for "South Water Diversion" project water prices subsidies. The current "South Water Diversion" water that Hebei does not use enough "Southwater and North Diversion" is directly used in the grain production production of Hengshui, Cangzhou and other groundwater in the extreme scarce water resources, and the production of grain production of grain production in the grain production of rations in wicker. ; Implement the "South -to -North Water Diversion" western line project as soon as possible to fully explore the potential of reserve arable land resources in the Hexi Corridor and other places; use rich solar resources to reasonably develop and use salt water resources in the inland arid areas of Xinjiang.

At the same time, it is necessary to hide the water to promote the rapid and healthy development of high -water efficiency agriculture. High water effects are the development direction of future agriculture. Through the breakthrough of the core key technologies and major key products and major key products and green water mode of high -efficiency water use, it has greatly improved the utilization rate of irrigation water and the production efficiency of water. In the end, the net water consumption and irrigation water for food production is reduced, and technological progress has taken the road to increased irrigation water to increase the shortage of agricultural water in my country. In addition, it can also be adjusted through the optimization configuration of regional water and soil resources and crop planting structures and planting systems to reasonably deploy agricultural production, better tap the potential of water resources efficiency and efficiency, and alleviate the water of my country's "North Grain and South Water" and "South Water and North Diversion". Food reverse flow pattern. Integration of workers and peasants

Realize the transformation and upgrading of the full chain of the fertilizer industry

Green development is the first key issue of the current development of modern agriculture. The relationship between the fertilizer industry and the green development are very close. How can we use less to produce more agricultural products, and it is a high -quality agricultural product; how do we coordinate high -yield, high productivity and environmental protection; how do we adapt to climate change, in the climate change, in the climate change, in the climate change, in the climate change, in the climate change, in the climate change, in the climate change, in the climate change, in the climate change, in the climate change, in the climate change, in the climate change, in the climate change, in the climate change, in the climate change, in the climate change, in the climate change, in the climate change, in the climate change, in the climate change, in the climate change, in the climate change, in the climate change, in the climate change Develop climate -friendly agriculture globally; how can we allow farmers to have more knowledge, capabilities and sufficient conditions to apply sustainable agricultural management technology and agricultural nutrition technology to agricultural production; how can we reduce or reverse the degradation of the entire nature resource resource degradation The trend, protecting natural resources, etc. This is the huge challenge facing the current agriculture and the fertilizer industry in China and the global agriculture.

To this end, Zhang Fusuo, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, proposed that the industrial advantages of green manufacturing with agricultural technology are combined, and enterprises are used as the main body of innovation, and the creation of green intelligent fertilizer products is the starting point. Promote agricultural greening and modernization.

Zhang Furuo said that at present, the entire industry lacks green technology and standards, and the innovation of green investment products has led to serious soil degradation. The chemical-agricultural industry chain is not enough to integrate with green development. The fertilizer industry is far from keeping up with the times. It still stays in the field of chemical production and does not associate the industrial production chain and the agricultural production chain. The production method of high consumption and high emissions of fertilizer fertilizer has violated the overall layout of the "double carbon" target ecological civilization construction in my country, and the green transformation of the chemical fertilizer industry is imminent.

To solve the key issue of agricultural green development, the technology and standards of the integration of green development in the integration of the entire industry chain need to break through. It is necessary to establish the development concept of green technology to serve modern agriculture, break through key green technologies of the entire agricultural industry chain, and innovate a new modern green agricultural model led by innovative enterprises. The key core is to open a new era of green intelligent fertilizers. The first is to realize the integration of workers and peasants, that is, the production of fertilizers must face agricultural demand. Through independent innovation, due to crops and soil fertilization, they must ensure food safety and nutritional safety. The intermediate products are all resource-based; the third is intelligent green, that is, enhance the interaction of microorganisms-soil-crop system, maximize biology and systemic effectiveness, and achieve quality improvement and efficiency; , Design intelligent and efficient products to achieve the goals of precise management and application.

Reduce acid and efficiency

Make organic fertilizer traditional good things more powerful

The development of organic (class) fertilizer industry is a key way to achieve agriculture from quantitative to quality transformation. Shen Qirong, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, said that organic fertilizer and fertilizer are born with a natural pair. The two can help each other and help each other to promote the normal growth of crops and truly realize the sustainable development of my country's agriculture.

Through research, the application of organic fertilizers can continue to improve soil fertilizer, inhibit the acidification of soil, and quickly increase the proportion of soil group particle structure and soil carbon exchange. Organic fertilizer coordination can significantly improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer. Applying biological organic fertilizer can effectively prevent and control economic crops.

Shen Qirong pointed out that at present, my country's agriculture is transforming from quantitative to quality, and the prerequisite for realizing this transformation is high fertilizer and pollution -free soil. Faced with the serious imbalance of soil acidification, plate knotting, and soil disease diseases such as excessive application of fertilizers, and vigorously developing the organic (class) fertilizer industry will be a key way to improve the above soil problems.

"The biggest problem now is to improve the seasonal production effect of organic fertilizer. It must effectively solve the ammonia volatilization of pile organic fertilizer. The key is to reduce the pH value." Shen Qirong said, "At present, we have found two methods. The technical process that uses abandoned protein acid solution to adjust the pH value can keep the pH value of about 7, not only maintains ammonia, nitrogen, but also increases the content of amino acids. The liquid adjusts the pH value below 7, and then the pH value can be controlled for a long time by adding Bacillus and Woody fungi to ensure the effectiveness of the product. "

It is not difficult to see that the problems studied and cracked by academicians have both realistic value and profound significance for the industry. We must always pay attention to the major strategic deployment related to the major core core of national food security, focus on the key technologies in the key goals of agricultural sustainable and high -quality development, always target the core key, and actively explore effective ways. Progress, ensure food safety, realize green production, and promote the high -quality development of the industry to achieve it as soon as possible.

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