Like a "crowd" capable craftsman -visiting the Millennium Porcelain Capital Series Report

Zhuzhou Evening News reporter/Xiao Rong correspondent/Chen Jun Lu Xingcong

As early as during the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the ancestors of Lingling made the mud as a pottery. Cheng Han Tang Rongguang, the sound of the rush of the road, the sidelines on both sides of the water, the porcelain rhyme has been passed down for thousands of years.

From the folk porcelain merchants who discovered the porcelain mine to the teachers and students of the school of Li Jingtu; from the patriotic scholars in the industry to the power of the porcelain industry; from the superb masterpieces of porcelain, to the millions of ordinary workers ... The millennium kiln fire is endless, and it is inseparable from a crowd who has contributed to the development of Liling porcelain industry.

▲ The whole picture of Lishan Village, Laoshan Town. Photo Conferry of Liling Ceramics Museum

Liao Zhongwei found a large number of porcelain mines in Liling Mountain

When it comes to the influential figures of Liling porcelain, the earliest detailed records were Liao Zhongwei, a businessman from Guangdong.

"Ling Porcelain Industry Examination" records: In the early Qing Dynasty, Liao Zhongwei, Xingning, Guangdong, found porcelain mines in Laoshan in Yiyi. In the seventh year of Yongzheng, he leased mud to the Shan Temple monks, created a porcelain factory, and asked for more than 20 people, such as Tao, Zeng, Malaysia, Liao, Fan Fan, to co -organizes them to recruit workers. Essence

The "” 嚆 "here is" ring arrow ", which means" start ".

Liao Zhongwei was born in a porcelain family. A large number of porcelain mines found in Fuling Mountain are indispensable raw materials for ceramic production. The porcelain mud here is good, and the mining is easy. Within a few years, dozens of porcelain kiln has raised fires.

Later, due to the Taiping Army passed through Hunan, the transportation and sales were not smooth, and the production of Liling porcelain industry was affected. During Tongzhi to the Guangxu period, the sales of Luling's rough porcelain gradually improved, and the number of kiln households increased, and gradually ushered in the golden period. At that time, there were more than 480 kiln factories in the county and more than 200 Long Kiln. It was the most densely intensive in the area of ​​Laoshan to Wangxian, but the craftsmanship was backward.

▲ The first agricultural altar of the former site of Hunan Porcelain Industry School. Photo Conferry of Liling Ceramics Museum

Xiong Xiling and other patriots founded Hunan Porcelain Industry School

During the late Qing Dynasty, the Eight -Power Allied Forces launched a war of invasion of China, and a large number of foreign goods dumped the mainland. The Liling porcelain industry was greatly impacted. Some patriots proposed the path of "industrial power", including Xiong Xiling, known as the "pioneer of Fuling Modern Porcelain Industry".

Xiong Xiling Bing San, Phoenix from Hunan. In 1905, as a Qing government official, Xiong Xiling went to Japan to inspect Japan.

▲ Xiong Xiling. Photo Conferry of Liling Ceramics Museum

After Xiong Xiling returned to China, he invited the Fuling Tongke Wen Junduo to visit Liling Pushan on the spot to explore the good recipe of revitalizing the porcelain industry. At the same time, Duanfang, then the governor of Hunan, strongly supported, and received 18,000 borrowing funds from the aftermath of the silver storage to help him establish Hunan Guanli Porcelain Industry School in Liling.

The founding of Hunan Porcelain Industry Academy, the first to open my country's modern ceramic education, hired Japanese technicians and Senior Jingshen senior technicians to teach, bringing advanced craftsmanship, technology and production concepts.

In order to facilitate the combination of teaching and practice, Xiong Xiling prepared porcelain companies in Liling and adopted an integrated teaching model of industry, university, research, to cultivate various talents. Many students not only have greatly improved theoretical levels, but also the ability of practical operations. The teachers and students of the academy are governing the governance, adopting the "three -fired" process, and successfully burned the underglaze colorful porcelain. His works have won awards at the domestic and foreign expo many times, creating a new era in the history of my country's porcelain decoration. The situation of foreign porcelain has also achieved the glory of Fuling porcelain industry.

Nearly 200,000 masters gathered in porcelain industry practitioners

The spirit of craftsmanship is passed down from generation to generation, and the industrial civilization is shining. Today's Liling ceramics integrate into the trend of the times, and gradually form a pattern of multi -blooming and one chain beading.

▲ In the Hunan Provincial Institute of Ceramics, the arts and crafts are carefully painted. Reporter/Xiao Rong Photo

"Over the years, we have combined underglazed colorful elements with tea sets, wine utensils, furniture, cultural utensils, etc., plus diversified craftsmanship, and constantly pushing new and new, making works keep up with the trend of the times," said Huang Xiaoling, a master of Chinese ceramic art.

Huang Xiaoling was obsessed with ceramics and painting at an early age. The post -division devoted himself to his predecessors such as Deng Wenke and Chen Yanglong. The reporter saw in the Quanquan Kiln she founded that the "Four Seasons and Spring" series of porcelain plate paintings were painted with peony, lotus, hydrangea and camellia, respectively, and the color of the color was overlapping; Xiaoling's "brand tea set has a variety of colors, becoming an Internet celebrity product ...

The Quanquan kiln has attracted many masters to settle in the creation studio. For example, the porcelain board painting "My and My Motherland" was drawn from 7 masters for half a year. The color is colorful and the characters are wonderful.

▲ The underglaze porcelain plate painting produced by Liling is placed in the Hunan delegation's lobby of the Hunan delegation in the Fifth Session of the 13th National People's Congress. The picture shows Huang Xiaoling, the main creator of porcelain painting. Interviewee drawing (data chart)

In 2019, on the 70th anniversary of the founding of the New China, Huang Xiaoling also led more than 50 artists in the Fuling Ceramics Industry with more than 300 works and went to Beijing, Nanjing and other places to hold 10 tour exhibitions, fully demonstrating the Lingling Ceramics in the new era in the new era New weather, new performance and new pursuit.

The booming development of the Liling ceramic industry is inseparable from the ingenuity and innovation of ceramic masters, nor can they be separated from the persistence and insistence of tens of millions of ordinary ceramic workers. At present, Liling has gathered 26 ceramics "national masters" and 159 "provincial masters", including Huang Xiaoling, Xu Jianzhang, and Huanglong. There are nearly 200,000 practitioners in the ceramic industry and more than 1,500 upstream and downstream enterprises in ceramics. Wu Shouqi and other older generations of craftsmen regained the light of the porcelain industry

After the catastrophe of the war, Hunan Porcelain Industry and Porcelain Company have been destroyed. Many technicians have made another way to become the technical backbone of each company and factories. Wu Shouqi and other older generation of craftsmen are important representatives.

Wu Shouqi (1886-1975), a native of Fuling, is good at landscape, figures, flowers and birds painting, and is a generation of masters of the enlightenment of Mount Ling glaze. After graduating from Hunan Porcelain Industry Academy, he was employed in the eighth year of the Republic of China (1929) in the eighth year of the Republic of China (1929). Later, due to the turmoil of the situation, he returned to home.

▲ In the 1950s, Wu Shouqi conducted underglaze painting. Photo Conferry of Liling Porcelain Culture Research Center

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Liling Porcelain Industry has resumed production in an all -round way. The establishment of the Hunan Ceramics Research Institute and the Eight major porcelain factories have established a new system of scientific research and production. Wu Shouqi, who was nearly old, was invited to come out of the mountain to teach his skills. He taught the professional expertise to the younger generation without reservation, trained more than 300 people, and had been re -born for more than 20 years.

Under the leadership of a group of porcelain industry artists such as Wu Shouqi, Deng Wenke, and Chen Yanglong, new breakthroughs in Liling porcelain -made porcelain craftsmanship, the update of porcelain -making equipment is replaced. Liling porcelain industry has shown light, the products are exported to the country and abroad, and moving towards the road of "national porcelain".

Source: Zhuzhou Evening News

Review: Luo Xiaoling

Edit: Chen Chen

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