Let warm love benefits more children

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has attached great importance to the protection of children's welfare and minors. It is clear that party committees, governments, and society at all levels must care about children and children. condition. The Ministry of Civil Affairs has made great progress in promoting the improvement of the child welfare policy system and the working system and mechanism. In 2019, the Children's Welfare Department was established. Children's welfare work ushered in a new opportunity and stood on a new starting point. Houzhi cares about the abandonment of children, promotes the improvement of rural left -behind children and the care service system of children with dilemma, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of minors. Children's welfare work and minor protection work have taken a solid step in inheritance and innovation.

"National Children" raising work to achieve historic leapfrog

"(Thumbs) is 'OK', and bending is‘ Thank you ’.” In the warm sun in winter, General Secretary Xi Jinping learned dumbly with the deaf girl Wang Yani, with a kind smile on his face.

This warm scene appeared in January 2014. General Secretary Xi Jinping came to the Children's Welfare Institute of Hohhot City, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia to visit the orphans who lived here. Seeing the children's carefree learning and living, General Secretary Xi Jinping was very pleased. He said emotionally that for children, especially orphans and disabled children, the whole society must have a heart love and care, and work together to enable them to grow up healthy and feel the warmth of a socialist family.

"Feel the warmth of a socialist family", which is the care and concern of General Secretary Xi Jinping's care and concern for orphans, and also pointed out the direction for "young education". The civil affairs department keeps in mind the entrepreneurial entrustment of General Secretary Xi Jinping, continuously improve the child welfare guarantee system, and promote the development of children's welfare.

——At the bottom line, the foundation of children's survival and development is more solid

On June 30, 2021, Lupu Town, Yuhuan City, Zhejiang Province passed the national children's welfare information system to receive the fact that no one raised children's identification of children from Fingling Town, Fuding City, Fujian Province. After review, Xiaoyi was a native of Yuhuan City, Zhejiang Province. Since his parents divorced, his father died, and his mother lost contact, he now lives in Fuding City, Fujian Province. Yuhuan City and Fuding City quickly acted, using the national children's welfare information system to realize the fact that no one raised children to apply for the application of the first "cross -provincial general management" in the country. Xiaoyi has enjoyed the fact that no one raises the basic living subsidy of children from July from July.

Children who are unreliable like Xiaoyi are the responsibility of the civil affairs department. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the civil affairs department has promoted a series of policies and measures to land and holds the bottom line of the survival and development of children.

The basic living subsidy standards for orphans have increased year by year. In 2010, the General Office of the State Council issued an opinion to subsidize the basic life of orphans; in 2019, the national level was for the first time to bid for the basic living subsidy standard of orphans at the national level; in 2021, the special children's group guarantee standards such as orphans and other special children's groups were included in the scope of price temporary subsidy guarantee. At present, the average guarantee standards for concentrated raising orphan in children's welfare agencies have increased from 940 yuan per person per month 10 years ago to 1697.4 yuan. 634 yuan, increased to 1257.2 yuan.

Children's welfare guarantee targets from abandoning infants and orphan to the fact that unattended children and other groups are covered. In 2012, the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the Ministry of Finance issued a notice to issue basic living expenses for children infected with AIDS viruses; in June 2019, the fact that unattended children were raised into the scope of national security ... The targets of children's welfare guarantee continued to expand. As of the end of 2021, there were 172,000 orphans across the country and 314,000 children who did not raise children, all of which were included in the scope of national security.

Orphans and facts are more perfect for children. In December 2020, the Ministry of Civil Affairs issued an opinion to further do a good job in the fact that no one cares for children to protect the relevant work, and optimizes the procedure of the parents' loss of contact. "Operations", avoiding orphan and unattended children are excluded from the national guarantee system because of inconvenient declaration.

The guarantee standards are improved, the protection object expands, and the identification procedure is more complete ... The bottom line of orphans and AIDS viruses infection with children, and no one to raise children's survival and development is becoming more and more solid.

——In promotion of development, the content of children's welfare guarantee is more complete

"Our children are going to study at 211 universities!"

At the end of August 2019, the festive atmosphere was overflowing at the No. 1 Social Welfare Institute of Changsha City, Hunan Province. Fan Hongyu, who grew up in the courtyard, scored a good score of 589 points and was accepted by the statistics of statistics from Hunan Normal University. It became the first lonely and disabled child who was admitted to 211 universities in the welfare home.

Fan Hongyu was a native of Chating Town, Wangcheng District. When he was 2 years old, a fire was severely burned. At the age of 5, he was sent to Changsha First Social Welfare Institute. When he came, he had not received repair treatment, the face was severely burned, and his mouth and hand could not be used normally due to adhesion. In order to allow Fan Hongyu to live a normal child, the Welfare Hospital contacted the experts of the Provincial People's Hospital to repair the face and hands for him. The operation was intermittent for two months, and it took several years in the later recovery. The cost of treatment and rehabilitation came from the "Tomorrow Plan for Orphan Medical Rehabilitation" (referred to as "Tomorrow Plan"). After going to college, Fan Hongyu can also get the "Fucai Dream · Orphan Aid Project" of 10,000 yuan each year until graduation. Care for orphans is not only "survival", but also "promoting development". The Ministry of Civil Affairs implemented the "Fucai Yuanmeng · Orphan Aid Project" and "Tomorrow Plan" to ensure the right to educate the orphans through the Central Fucai Public Welfare Fund, provide surgical treatment and rehabilitation services for the disabled orphan, to maximize the help of the orphans to achieve rehabilitation and independence for the orphans. They support a tomorrow that can be expected.

Since 2018, the treatment target of the "Tomorrow Plan" has extended from disabled children in welfare institutions to social scattered orphans, and the treatment of diseases has been expanded from surgery to general medical rehabilitation. As of the end of 2021, 223,000 lonely and disabled children improved the quality of survival through surgical treatment and rehabilitation training.

Since 2019, the "Fucai Yuanmeng · Orphan Aid Project" has provided educational subsidies of 10,000 yuan per year for orphans who have been admitted to the Grand -China College over 18 years of age, and form an effective connection with the basic living expenses system of orphans. As of 2021, a total of 807 million yuan in lottery public welfare funds were arranged to fund orphans of 80,700.

——On optimization and improvement, orphans raising mode to achieve historic leap

In a blink of an eye, General Secretary Xi Jinping went to Hohhot's Children's Welfare Institute to visit the children for 8 years. Wang Yani, a little girl who exchanged in the General Secretary and the General Secretary, embraced the podium of the Hohhot Special Education School and fulfilled her dream of her teacher.

Yini's happiness growth benefits a way to support "simulated family". The simulation family is a special family formed by a real couple and 4 children. "Mom" is responsible for taking care of the children's daily living. The environment full of warmth has allowed children to gain complete home and true love.

Over the years, the Hohhot Children's Welfare Institute has developed around the integration of "breeding, treatment, treatment, rehabilitation, education, resettlement, and training", and gradually formed five nursery categories such as units, simulation families, apartments, small families, and medical care. Children are also divided into 5 categories according to their age, physical disability and self -care ability, and created the "5+5" refined nursery model. Based on the "5+5" refined nursery model, through medical treatment, rehabilitation training, special education, and social work (resettlement) during children's period in children, children's life improvement, ability improvement, psychological support, and employment development have been realized.

Hohhot Children's Welfare Institute is a microcosm of the development of children's welfare agencies in my country. In recent years, the construction standards for children's welfare institutions in various places have increased significantly, their service capacity has increased, and the level of nurturing has been steadily improved, which has played an important role in maintaining the legitimate rights and interests of children. In 2021, 14 departments including the Ministry of Civil Affairs issued the "Opinions on Further Promoting the Optimization of Quality and Transformation of Children's Welfare Institutions and Optimizing Quality and Innovation Transformation", and deployed in the "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" period to promote the transfer of children's welfare institutions to the county -level children's welfare institutions. The level of children's welfare institutions will be concentrated to promote the integrated development of children's breeding, medical care, rehabilitation, education, and social work, and realize the historic leap of orphan raising models since the founding of New China.

As of the end of March 2022, children's welfare agencies were optimized from the original 1217 to 998, and 219 county -level children's welfare institutions successfully completed the transformation task.

Rural left -behind children's care protection and predicament children's protection, so that love is not absent

The problem of left -behind children in rural areas and children with dilemma is the pain of social transformation. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core of the rural left -behind children and dilemma children often miss. We must care about left -behind children, "allowing them to feel the warmth of a socialist family", General Secretary Xi Jinping's teachings, guiding the civil affairs department to improve the work mechanism and measures, strengthen care services, and live in the lives of left -behind children in rural areas. Sprinkle the warm sun.

——Aponom planning, the top -level design is solid and powerful

Xiaoya (a pseudonym) of Xiaoya (pseudonym), who lives in Lujiazui Street, Pudong, Shanghai, is a dilemma. His mother is unmarried and pregnant. After giving birth to Xiaoya, she has left home. For many years, Xiaoya has been living with the elderly grandmother. With the assistance of the neighborhood committee, Xiaoya received life subsidies, psychological counseling, and academic support. She also often used the volunteer service of the community in the winter and summer vacations to return to society.

In the process of social transformation, there will inevitably be a left -behind child like Xiaoya and children with difficulties. They are not orphans, but they are in trouble because they cannot get the proper care of their parents. The "trap" of rural left -behind children and children with predicament needs to be systematically solved.

In 2016, the State Council issued the "Opinions on Strengthening the Protection of Rural left -behind Children's Care and Protection" and "Opinions on Strengthening the Inspection of Children in Dohaies". A series of targeted policy arrangements and systematic top -level system design were successively introduced. In April 2016, the central joint meeting of rural left -behind children's care and protection of rural left -behind children, led by the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the co -participation of 27 departments, was later adjusted to the inter -joint meeting of children's care protection and difficulties of children in the rural left -behind children to coordinate left -behind children. Caring for protection and dilemma children's guarantee work and strengthen policy connection.

In 2019, the Ministry of Civil Affairs issued the "Opinions on Further improve the care service system for further improvement of rural left -behind children and children with difficulties", with minor rescue and protection agencies and children's welfare agencies as the main position, with children and supervisors of children as the grassroots level The work system that encourages and guides social forces to participate in extensive participation in the work team has steadily advanced.

As of the end of 2021, the people's governments of the provincial, municipalities, and counties all have established a coordination mechanism for the leadership and protection of rural left -behind children in the rural left -behind children led by the party committee and government. (Living) Children's Director 667,000. Rural left -behind children's care protection and dilemma children's ability to ensure the continuous strengthening.

With the implementation of poverty alleviation, promoting returning entrepreneurship and employment, and the implementation of a series of care protection policies, the number of left -behind children has declined year by year. In 2016, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, together with the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Public Security, carried out the first investigation of left -behind children in rural areas, with 9.02 million left -behind children in rural areas. By the end of 2021, the number of left -behind children in the countryside would fall to 4.77 million.

——Setail implementation, the caring service system is sound and complete

Five years ago, Liu Cuihong, a master's degree and assistant social worker who graduated from Sun Yat -sen University, came to Jiangji Community, Ancient Town, Feidong County, Hefei City, Hefei City, Anhui Province to become a child director. Relying on the community dance room, psychological counseling room, etc., she has created "children's homes" to form a volunteer service team to provide minors with temporary custody, post -class counseling, and joint security education such as abduction, transportation and network.

At work, Liu Cuhong pays special attention to the mental health of left -behind children. A child gradually closed his heart due to his parents' divorce and living environment. Liu Cuihong used children's psychology therapy and social workers' children's case service methods to provide psychological guidance to children in a timely manner, while coaching his schoolwork and correcting his family's educational methods. After persisting for 3 months, the child began to open up.

Liu Cuihong is just a microcosm of grass -roots children's workers. They visited the front -line visit to check, guardianship, guidance, and assistance. They were both children's "family" and friends of children. Relying on the work team of grass -roots children's work -and -part -level children's work teams, rural left -behind children and dilemma care service systems with temporary care, supervision guidance, care and assistance, and regular visits are gradually formed.

In recent years, various places have also explored a series of policies and measures to support social work professionals to participate in the protection and protection of left -behind children in rural areas, and encourage the support of children's supervisors and children directors to master the professional ability of children's welfare social work by participating in training and other methods. The government ’s purchase of minors' social work and psychological service social organization services, dilemma guarantees and rural left -behind children's care services have been further strengthened.

The "first closure whistle" of left -behind children and the protection of children with dilemma is at the grassroots level, but the "source" is at home and strengthening family companionship can solve the impact of the "family fault" on the child. Since 2016, the Ministry of Civil Affairs and relevant departments and enterprises have carried out special actions for the protection and protection of rural left -behind children to "control, grow with each other", as well as the care of the "hundreds of preaching into the construction site", the country's left -behind children and the children of dilemma in the rural left -behind children. Protecting activities such as "policy preaching into the village (residence)", providing policy preaching and guardianship guidance for parents and families of migrant workers, guiding the guardians and entrusted people to fulfill their responsibilities of the family guardian, and promote the problems of left -behind children in rural areas. "Source governance".

In addition, the civil affairs department classified the classification guarantee of children with dilemma, and incorporated various dilemma children with qualified dilemma into the minimum living security, rescue support, temporary assistance, disabled people, and the fact that no one cared for children's basic living security. Affairs.

Minor protection and hard work to open a new game

General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out that "cultivating children and children is a strategic task, which is related to the long -term." Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the civil affairs department has always adhered to the principles that are most conducive to minors and continued to promote the construction of the unsuccessful work system. Formation of three -dimensional and comprehensive protection systems to promote the high -quality development of the protection of minors in my country.

——In Ice Discovery and Promote the Construction of the State Care System

In 2015, Shao Mou had a sexual assault daughter Xiaoling (a pseudonym) who was under 10 years old and was sentenced to 11 years in prison. Specify the appropriate guardian for Xiaoling. This is the first case in the country that has been revoked by parents.

In fact, the "General Principles of the Civil Law", which was introduced as early as 1986, and the unborn law revised in 2006, all made clear regulations on the revocation and transfer of minors, but after a long time, there was no deprivation of monitoring cases throughout the country to enter the judicial procedure into judicial procedures. The crux is: whoever suits a lawsuit, who will monitor it? In May 2013, the Ministry of Civil Affairs issued the "Notice on Carrying out the Pilot Work of Social Protection of Minors", which will help and support minors in response to the "family guardianship dilemma and growth barriers" for the first time. "Based on family guardianship, social supervision as the guarantee, and national guardianship as the monitoring system", the process of building a national guardian service system has begun.

On December 18, 2014, the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security, and the Ministry of Civil Affairs issued the "Opinions on Corresponding to the Rights and Interests of the Prosecutors Invaded the Rights of the Minor in accordance with the law", which clarified the civil affairs department's application for the elimination of the guardian and the temporary guardianship. Responsibilities to promote the establishment of a mechanism for administrative protection and judicial protection of minors. Fifteen days later, the Civil Affairs Bureau of the Tongshan District of Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province applied for the cancellation of the guardian qualification lawsuit. From the case to the trial, it completely changed the fate of a girl for less than a month.

In 2016, the State Council issued the "Opinions on Strengthening the Protection of Rural left -behind Children's Care and Protection" and "Opinions on Strengthening the Inspection of Children in Dohaies". Policies and measures for caring for protection, clarifying family, government, schools, and social responsibilities, designed rescue and protection mechanisms including compulsory reporting, emergency response, evaluation assistance, and monitoring intervention, and requiring the construction of families, government, schools, and society. Grasp the coexistence care service system.

The two "Opinions" promoted the construction of the national guardian service system, expanded the coverage of the national children's welfare system, and became more comprehensive. After the "Opinions" were issued, the Ministry of Civil Affairs promoted the local government to introduce specific and operable specific work measures to promote the establishment of rural left -behind children and dilemma children's care service systems and departmental coordination mechanisms, and work teams have been further enriched.

——Alvish the law as the rules, build a new pattern of the protection of minors in the new era

"Parents who go out to entrust our children to us are great trust in the school." Said Zhang Fengxia, principal of Happy School, Daning County, Linfen City, Shanxi Province. In 2018, the Daning County Party Committee and the County Government built a modern boarding school -Happy School, and realized the centralized enrollment, centralized care, and centralized management of left -behind children. In recent years, Happiness School has further developed into a demonstration school of minors, and has set up "Minor Protection Studio", "Social Workers' Service Station" and "Parents School". Power cares about the protection mechanism of care. Zhang Fengxia and the school teacher carried out information inspection, prevention of infringement, emergency intervention, monitoring guidance, and service referrals on the school. The protection of minors was further strengthened.

In Daning County, the county chief and 32 functional departments were also established by the county magistrate as the minor protection work committee of member units. All villages (communities) have all established minors protection studios to form a complete county, township, and village -level organizational system. The new pattern of the party committee leadership, government responsibility, led civil affairs, departmental coordination, and social participation has gradually formed.

Daning County is a representative of the civil affairs departments in various places in recent years to effectively fulfill its statutory duties, adhere to coordination and coordination, and promote the progress of the protection of minors in the new era.

On June 1, 2021, the newly revised "Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" was officially implemented. The newly revised unsuccessful law clarifies 8 and 15 duties of the "civil affairs department", which focuses on the demands of the civil affairs department's implementation of the statutory duties of national monitoring, carrying out family guardianship supervision and guidance, acceptance of the rights and interests of minors, and the protection of rescue and protection. ; Directly related to the civil affairs business, there are more than 38 40 places, focusing on the responsibilities of social organizations, village (neighborhood) committees, children's welfare agencies, and minor rescue and protection agencies.

In April 2021, the State Council established a leading group of minors protection work to form a "central mechanism" for the protection of minors. The leading group clarified the civil affairs department to take on daily work and play a leading role. Minors' protection measures are more realistic, and the duties of civil affairs departments are even more important.

The Ministry of Civil Affairs has held the first plenary meeting of the leading group, the national minor protection work promotion meeting, and the demonstration creation mobilization deployment meeting, etc., to comprehensively deploy the protection of minors. As of the end of September 2021, all the people's governments of the provincial, municipalities, and county levels all established the leadership group (committee) of the protection of minors. To protect children's large pattern, the protection of minors has entered a new stage.

In 2021, the Ministry of Civil Affairs and other 10 departments issued the "Opinions on Doing a Good Affected by Urban Injustes and Protection of Minor Rescue and Protection", which clarified the report of the discovery of minors' rescue and protection due to the impact of the unexpected situation due to emergencies. , Social care, rescue assistance and other work processes, the level of rescue and protection of minors has been further improved.

In January 2022, children adopted to a happy child who had abandoned children, in January 2022, the Lujiang County Civil Affairs Bureau of Hefei City, Anhui Province commissioned Hefei City Friendship Social Work Evaluation Center to carry out adoption and evaluation of a couple in Lucheng Town. Adoption Evaluation Report.

The evaluation team conducted a quantitative score of 9 aspects of the career and economic conditions of the adopted applicant through the methods of interviewing, consulting materials, and field visits, etc., and the integration of the adopted person to quantifies the applicant to determine the adoption applicant's good adoption ability. This couple Goanderly go through adoption registration procedures.

Family is the best environment for children's healthy growth. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Ministry of Civil Affairs has implemented the demands of the Civil Code, followed the principles that are most conducive to the adopted, standardized adoption in accordance with the law, simplified and optimized adoption certification matters, returned to family society for orphans, abandoned babies, re -obtain parents' care, and got to get their parents. Healthy growth provides favorable conditions. As of 2021, there were 1,2687 domestic adoption registration.

The adoption policy system is more perfect. In 2020, the Ministry of Civil Affairs issued the "Adoption Evaluation Measures (Trial)" to guide localities to establish an adoption evaluation system for local conditions. Real in the adoption work, promote the revision of policies and regulations such as the "Registration Measures for Adopting Children of Chinese Citizens", and the adoption policy system is more perfect.

The adoption work system and mechanism are more sound. Continuously improve the institutional mechanism, and advocate localities to explore the establishment of support services for children with disabled children and disabled children in domestic adoption institutions. Implement the spirit of "decentralization of service", simplify the procedures or directly cancel 14 items. It is promoting the construction of a nationwide adoption convenience service information system, expanding the "Internet+adoption service", and a view to realizing a Netcom Office such as policy publicity, qualification review, information push, and electronic certificate licenses to find the most suitable adoption family for orphans abandoning babies.

The ability of adopted children's rights and interests has been continuously improved. By establishing and improving the legal system, strengthening business guidance, promoting informatization, and strengthening team building, it has formed an adoption procedure that work in accordance with the law and procedure specifications.

Children's welfare work is the hope of the Chinese nation, shoulders the heavy trust of the party and the country, and carrying the expectations of the people. Entering the new stage of development, the civil affairs department will not forget the original intention, keep in mind the mission, and use their hearts to do a good job in the protection of children's benefits and minors, and strive to compose a new chapter in children's welfare and minor protection.

Source: "China Civil Affairs" magazine

Reporter: Wang Yuming

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