New China National Banner National Anthem Born Birth

The national flag, national anthem, and national emblem are the symbol of the country. The national flag, national anthem, and national emblem are an important task in the preparation of the New CPPCC. In extensive solicitation and in -depth consultations, the preparations for the New CPPCC will effectively respect the wishes of the people and highlight the spirit of democracy. The National Anthem of the National Flag was the first to be passed at the first plenary session of the CPPCC. At the founding ceremony, the five -star red flag fluttered, and the "Volunteer's Army" was highly high!

Call for the national flag of the national anthem and national emblem notice

On June 16, 1949, at the first meeting of the Standing Committee of the New CPPCC Preparation Association, the "plan for the national flag, national emblem and national anthem of the People's Democratic Republic of the People's Democracy" was included in important preparation content. The meeting decided that the sixth group should undertake the task of formulating the national flag, national anthem, national emblem, national capital, and chronological plan. Ma Xulun is the team leader and Ye Jianying is the deputy team leader. Because Ye Jianying also serves as the director of the Peiping Military Control Commission, he is busy with the affairs. He later increased Shen Yanbing as the deputy team leader and presided over his daily work. Members include Zhang Yiruo, Tian Han, Ma Yinchu, Zheng Zhenduo, Guo Moruo, Qian Bozan, Qian Sanqiang, Cai Chang, Li Li San, Zhang Lan (Liu Wang Li Ming Dynasty), Chen Jiageng, Ouyang Yuqian, Liao Chengzhi.

On the afternoon of July 4, Ye Jianying hosted the first meeting of the sixth group in the first meeting room of the Zhongnanhai Qinzheng Hall. The meeting was selected as the preliminary committee of the national emblem pattern committee of Ji Bozan, Cai Chang, Li Lisan, Ye Jianying, Tian Han, Zheng Zhenduo, Liao Chengzhi, and Zhang Yiruo. Ye Jianying was the convener; Five people formed the National Low Spectrum Primary Election Committee, and Guo Moruo was the convener. The meeting decided that Guo Moruo, Shen Yanbing, Zheng Zhenduo drafted the national flag, the national emblem pattern and the national lyrics spectrum for notice, and the group meeting was amended and submitted to the Standing Committee of the New CPPCC for the Standing Committee of the New CPPCC. After being revised by Zhou Enlai, he also sought his opinions to Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Li Jishen, Zhang Lan, Lin Boqu and other new CPPCC.

From July 14th to August 15th, many newspapers such as the People's Daily published a request for significant positions. Other newspapers in China, Hong Kong and overseas Chinese newspapers have been reproduced one after another. Soliciting notice to get a warm response from all walks of society. Contributors include all levels of work, farming, business, learning, and soldiers, as well as some scholars, artists and senior leading cadres. As of August 20, it received 1920 and 2992 patterns from the national flag manuscript (Zhu De and others submitted the pattern designed by himself, and Guo Moruo submitted the design pattern at the third group meeting on August 24). 900 patterns, 632 national anthem, 694 lyrics and scores, and 24 opinions.

Prudent selection

On the afternoon of August 5, 1949, Ma Xulun hosted the second plenary meeting of the sixth group in the lobby of the sixth floor of the Beijing Hotel. Everyone reviewed the receiving manuscripts, thinking that most of the national emblem submission of the national flag and national emblem was a slightly view -based diagram, and most of the patterns composed of various drawing methods of the star ax. The meeting decided to hire Xu Beihong, Liang Sicheng, and Ai Qing as consultants for the National Essence of the National Essence of the National Flag. The four musicians of Ma Sicong, He Lingting, Lu Yan, and Yao Jinxin were the consultants of the National Lishographic Election Committee.

From August 18th to 20th is the date of selection determined by the sixth group. The sixth group set up a temporary lecture room in the guest room 413 of Beijing Hotel. All appointed design drafts are displayed here. At 10 am on August 22, Ma Xulun temporarily hosted the first meeting of the National Essence of the National Banner and the National Essence of the National Essence in the temporarily. During the discussion, Liang Sicheng proposed that the color of the national flag should specify the "number" problem in the future, because the artist divides the color into hundreds of numbers.制 Bozan suggested that the red cloth of the national flag made of the country is called "national flag red". This should be the first use of "National Flag Red".

Among the manuscripts received, there was a manuscript with a number of 1232 text numbers on August 11 and 1305 in the national submissions. The author is Zeng Liansong of Shanghai's "Modern Economic News Agency". Unfortunately, the five -star red flag pattern he designed did not attract attention at the time.

△ The national flag application pattern designed by Zeng Liansong

On August 23, the National Low Spectrum Primary Election Committee held the first meeting to perform the preliminary selection and review of the corresponding works, and also moved the piano to try the singing. Finally, several works were selected to submit the sixth group for review.

On the morning of August 24th, Ma Xulun hosted the third plenary meeting of the sixth group in the lobby of the sixth floor of the Beijing Hotel. In terms of national flag, 17 patterns (like temporarily increased by one -by -one -author note) will be numbered. Representatives such as Liang Sicheng opposed some patterns that left a quarter of white in the top left, "it is similar to the flags of the United States and the Kuomintang." Everyone agrees that "the eleventh eleventh" is better, and the red and white color distribution is appropriate. The production is easy, the red star can be seen at the top of the corner, and the flag can not be seen without floating. The style is also similar to that of other countries. White symbolizes light, red symbolizes the revolutionary regime, and Red Star represents the leadership of the Communist Party. For the sake of caution, the meeting decided to submit the plan to the selection plan for the Standing Committee to discuss the review (later the Standing Committee did not discuss it, but it was circulated -author's note).

△ Election Eleven National Flag Pattern

In terms of national anthem, 13 of the lyrics are proposed, and it is provided to the Standing Committee for reference after copying. In order to facilitate the opinion, the author's name is not announced, but instead of using the registration number of the sixth group. In the national anthem scheme that entered the reciprocity, there was no "Volunteer for the Volunteer". Because the lyrics proposed in the re -election have not yet been done well, it is still continued to formulate by literary experts. Because the national emblem received too few works, there were no use. Ma Xulun believes: "The national emblem can only be proposed for reference and cannot be decided." Decided to ask experts to formulate it.

On August 26, the fourth plenary meeting of the Standing Committee of the Preparatory Association was held in Zhongnanhai Qinzheng Hall. Zhou Enlai praised Ma Xulun: "The sixth group of Ma Lao has a lot of achievements, and the flag has received more than 1,000 pieces." Ma Xulun said: "The national flag is quite completed." "Although the national anthem received hundreds of pieces, there are a lot of it, but it can only be used as an ordinary revolutionary song. It is not enough to be a national anthem. Now I have selected 13 copies for everyone to see. Please decide on the Standing Committee." Expert paintings can only be done in half a month.

However, some people also opposed the national flag "Eleven Eleven" plan. Chen Jiageng explicitly put forward three objections: First, this form is similar to Indonesia. Only Indonesian flags have no stars, and we add one star; the other is that the top is white and cannot be seen under the sun; the third is that there is no meaning of the workers and peasants alliances. He believes that soliciting the national flag notice to reflect the meaning of workers and peasants, but the ax, sickle, or other patterns of workers and peasants are not adopted, which is contrary to public opinion. Guo Moruo explained that the sixth group did not use ax and sickle to be similar to the Soviet flag. Chen Jiageng said that if there is such a reason, then explain in the newspaper and solicit it again. The New CPPCC will not decide the national flag and then decide again. Chen Jiageng's opinion was submitted to Zhou Enlai.

On the morning of September 14, Ma Xulun hosted the fourth plenary meeting of the sixth group at the East Restaurant in Beijing. The focus of the discussion is the national flag. Ma Xulun said: We gave the national flag pattern that the last meeting was selected to Chairman Mao and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. The chairman said that the national flag does not necessarily show the workers and peasants alliances, and the national emblem can be shown. Chen Jiageng continued to raise objections to Primary Election No. 11 plan. The conference voted, the 11th pattern (4 votes), No. 17 pattern (7 votes). These two schemes, together with the two national emblem patterns, submit it to the Standing Committee for reference. The meeting decided to print the better patterns in the manuscript into a booklet, distribute it to all representatives for discussions, and display all the manuscripts in Zhongshan Park. Ma Xulun emphasized: The national anthem cannot be caught in the formal conference, or it can be a little later. The national flag must be discussed and approved at the official conference ... the national emblem hopes to come out at the meeting.

The first plenary session of the People's Political Consultative Conference was immediately held. All members of the Sixth Group were deeply responsible and held several seminars to discuss and review repeatedly. In the last few discussions, Liu Liangmo, Liang Sicheng, Zhang Yiruo and other proposals have been proposed to use the "Volunteer for the Volunteer" as the national anthem. In the application, some people also made this suggestion. "The Volunteer March" was written by Tian Han, composed by Nie Er, and was created in 1935. It is the theme song of the movie "Children of Feng Yun". It was born in the historical juncture of the danger of the Chinese nation. It is not only to encourage the Chinese people to fight for national independence, but also recognize the international community. It has become one of the war songs of the international anti -fascist camp during World War II.

△ In the 1930s, the poster of the movie "Feng Yun Children"

On September 17, the second plenary meeting of the New CPPCC preparations decided to transfer the formulation of the national flag, national emblem, and national anthem to the first plenary session of the CPPCC, and reported to the Presidium of the Congress to the Presidium of the Sixth Group.

All representatives discuss again

On September 21, 1949, in the opening speech of the first plenary session of the National Committee of the CPPCC, one of the tasks of the announcement of the meeting was "the national flag and national emblem of the People's Republic of China, decided to decide the location of the People's Republic of China and adopt the world most of the world. The same year number ".

At the meeting, Ma Xulun reported the preliminary opinion of the sixth group to the conference: "The manuscript of the national flag can be divided into four categories, with the crossed and pentagram of the sickle hammer, the Jiahe gear plus the pentagram or the five -pointed star, two三种颜色的横竖条加镰锤、嘉禾、齿轮或五角星的，这三类及其变体都不足取，第四是旗面三分之二为红色，三分之一为白、蓝、 Yellow, and the red or yellow pentagram and variants are simple in their strengths. This form seems better than other types (such as the first number of compound characters, that is, one of the amendments to the first seventeenth). The national anthem must be solicited in a planned manner. After the selection, the preparation of the song, the reaction to the masses, and then the decision will be required to be completed in recent times. The reference selection is only four or five. "From this report, it can be seen that there was a primaries in the national flag at that time.

On September 21, the first meeting of the Presidium of the President of the CPPCC passed the list of six review committees. One of them was the National Banner and the Huidu Metropolitan Plan Examination Committee, a total of 55 people, and Ma Sulun was the convener. The work of the sixth group is also continuing. They selected 38 "National Flag Patters References" from the National flag manuscript for discussions for all representatives. The number starts from the No. 1 compound characters. The pattern number designed by Zeng Liansong is No. 32 of the compound word, which is modified slightly to remove the sickle ax in the original design pattern. According to Peng Guanghan, the secretary of the sixth group: "Discussion and deletion of the sixth group. I also wrote the five words" Go to the sickle ax "on the original manuscript. Word No. 1-38 pattern

On September 22, Ma Xulun hosted the fifth plenary meeting of the sixth group at the East Restaurant in Beijing Hotel. The meeting notified a matter: the section of the chief of the meeting was designated by the Presidium of the National Meeting, and the Sixth Group was responsible for studying. The meeting resolution: Guodu was built in Peiping, Peiping changed Beijing; the Gregorian calendar was adopted by the year; the national flag adopted the third -character character No. 17 (that is, the first selection No. 17, according to Zheng Kaudu's pattern correction) or the fourth word No. 4 (compounded by the pattern of Zheng Kaudu) ( That is, the first eleven correction diagram).

△ "National Flag Pattern Reference Information" No. 3 and 4 pattern

On the morning of September 23, the Public Conference of the CPPCC held a group discussion meeting for the "Opinions on the National Flag Capital Chronicle". A total of 11 groups were divided into 647 people, and 466 were actually. The discussion was very enthusiastic. The opinions of the country and the age of the country are relatively consistent. The difference between the national flag is obvious. The representatives discussed the third and fourth and fourth of the compound characters more concentrated, but also made opinions on other patterns. Due to the influence of the opinions issued by the sixth group, the representatives did not fully express their opinions. Representative Song Yunbin recorded the discussion of the day in the diary: the sixth group recommended "Fortune No. 3" and "Fortevish No. 4". The national flag should be red (red symbolizes the revolution). This is a prerequisite. One -third of the fourth pattern is yellow. If this condition is not in line, the third pattern will be separated by one side of the flag, especially the third. Two patterns on the fourth side of the surface, it is better to choose the "Fortune No. 1". According to the pattern of the first word No. 1, it is similar to the third, but the horizontal line is thinner and it is not in the end. The majority of those who adopt the first pattern. Discuss the form of voting, and the opinions of each person will be filled out by themselves to send the sixth group for reference. " The pattern of the number is not appropriate to give people a hint first. "

At 7 o'clock that night, the National Banner National Anthem National Anthem National Anthem Plan Group (Sixth Group) held the sixth plenary meeting in the second conference room of Qinzheng Hall to summarize the discussion results.

On September 24, the sixth group submitted a discussion report. From the report, the discussion of the national flag is the most intense and the most controversial. The comprehensive opinion of the discussion on the national flag is:

(1) Statistics of the results of each group solicitation of opinions, with up to 185 those who agree with the third number of compound characters, followed by 129 people in the fourth fourth, 112 in the first word, and 77 people in the second word. In short, most representatives agree that there is a type of star and a yellow bar on the corner of the red flag. There are 342 people who believe that the better, but the color, position, length and symbol of the yellow bar are slightly different opinions. Essence

1. Most representatives do not agree with the reference information description "Yellow symbolizes that China is a yellow person and peace." It is unscientific to divide humans by skin color. At the same time, in the past two centuries, imperialists have specifically used this to show their sense of superiority, and they have been symbolized internationally internationally. Therefore, it should be modified.

2. The yellow bar symbolizes the Yellow River of the birthplace of Chinese economy and culture. Some people also disagree, because the Yellow River is only the birthplace of the Han nationality, and the Yellow River is a concern for China, this explanation is inappropriate.

3. Some people's differential stars are symbolizing China's 500 million population. Because the population is gradually developing, it can be used to symbolize the stars to the earth.

4. Red not only symbolizes the revolution, but also symbolizes labor.

5. Some people do not agree with the yellow bars through, because it seems to separate the red color -the revolution is separated.

(2) Some people advocate that they should not avoid using a sickle ax, otherwise workers and peasants cannot be expressed.

(3) It advocates 18 people including Zhang Zhizhong, Shao Lizi, and Chen Xianxian, and Yan Jingyao said that most of the students from Yanjing University are in favor of the No. 15 pattern of Fu Zi.

(4) It is advocated that 15 people including Hu Juewen, Li Tuo Chen, and Lei Rongke, which are advocated by the 32nd of the compound characters, but the four stars can move down slightly.

(5) Hong Shen proposed that the national flag was selected No. 28, but one star had to be added, and there were 12 reasons.

(6) Luo Longji proposed that there is a white pentagram in the red flag to symbolize peace.

According to the opinions of the national flag pattern, the opinions put forward by each representative of each representative in accordance with the group discussion on the 23rd day, and made four correction patterns.

In the report, the suggestion given by the Sixth Group is "We discuss with Comrade Ai Qing today, and think that the fourth No. 4 is better" and report the opinions to the presidency. In the report attachment, there are four national flag patterns that integrate representatives and experts, and three of them adopt the idea of ​​four stars surround the big star.

Peng Guanghan recalled that in the choice of national flag design scheme, although repeated discussions were selected, they were still different. Although the number of "Fu Zi No. 3" and "Fourth Zi Zi No. 4" recommended by the sixth group, although the number of people in favor is more, the attitude of the opponents is very resolute. They mainly believe that such patterns have a sense of "division", especially at the time in the south still had no liberation of liberation, and they were suspected of being divided into North and South. Wu Zaoxi also wrote a letter to Zhou Enlai to oppose the suggestion of the sixth group. In view of the strong opposition, the concise and generous "Fuzi No. 32" attracted attention.

Fengze Garden A Hammer Determination

The founding ceremony is imminent, but some major matters such as the national flag, national emblem, and national anthem have not been decided. On the evening of September 25, 1949, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai held a symposium on the National Anthem of the National Anthem of the National Banner and National Anthem of the National Banner and National Anthem in Zhongnanhai.

The lists participating in this symposium were all agreed by Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai. Mao Zedong also deliberately deleted the names of several members of the Communist Party of China, and added several foreign and cultural people. Guo Moruo, Shen Yanbing, Huang Yanpei, Chen Jiageng, Zhang Yiruo, Ma Xunlun, Tian Han, Xu Beihong, Li Lisan, Hong Shen, Ai Qing, Ma Yinchu, Liang Sicheng, Ma Sicong, Lu Yan, He Luting attended the symposium.

At 8 pm that day, the symposium began. Mao Zedong first held the five -star red flag pattern prepared in advance, and said openly: In the past, our brains always wanted to draw Chinese characteristics on the national flag, so one painted one to represent the Yellow River. In fact, many national flags may not have any characteristics of the country. The Soviet ax sickle does not necessarily represent the characteristics of the Soviet Union, and which country also has the same ax sickle. The British and American flags have no characteristics of the country. Therefore, our pattern shows the unity of our revolutionary people. Now we must unite, and in the future, we will be united. Nothing now, in the future, unity and revolution. Mao Zedong gave this five -star red flag pattern brand new meaning and was unanimously approved by everyone.

Chen Jiageng said: "I came back from the Northeast and cared about the national flag. I fully agree with the 32nd pattern that Chairman Mao said."

Liang Sicheng said: "I think the 32nd picture is very good, and it is not very different from the flag. Multaricox represents the people's unity, red represents the revolution, and the revolutionary people's unity."

After discussion, the pattern 32 of Fuzi No. 32 is used as a national flag solution.

△ "National Flag Pattern Reference Information" No. 32

That night, according to Ma Xulun's proposal, the symposium also discussed the national emblem, national anthem, and national capital.

Regarding the national emblem, in view of the unsatisfactory national emblem patterns submitted, Mao Zedong said: The national flag decides whether the national emblem can be slower. Wait for the government to decide in the future.

Regarding the capital, everyone is in favor of Jiandu Peiping. As for the name, Huang Yanpei's proposal will not be changed. Mao Zedong said, "It's better to change a word", and then renamed Beijing.

Regarding the age, everyone agreed to adopt the World AD.

Regarding the national anthem, everyone's discussion is also very enthusiastic. The meeting left such a record:

Ma Xulun: Our government is going to be established, and the national anthem cannot be produced at once according to the current situation. Whether we can temporarily use the "Volunteer for the Volunteer" to temporarily replace the national anthem.

×××: The song is very good, but the words are "the Chinese nation has reached the last moment" (should be "the most dangerous time for the Chinese nation" -while author). The best word is modified.

Zhang Yiruo and Liang Sicheng: I think the song is a historic product. In order to maintain her integrity, I advocate that the songs do not modify.

Xu Beihong: The song can only be temporarily replaced by the national anthem.

Guo Moruo: I agree with her temporarily using her national anthem. Because she not only sings the Chinese people, but also the foreign people can sing, but the lyrics are more modified.

Huang Yanpei: I don't think the words are not changed.

Tian Han: I think the song is good, but the lyrics have historic significance in the past, and now they should be given to new lyrics. The word was not written by Nie Er. We were arrested for writing a word, so we were published in the name of Nie Er.

Zhou Enlai: Either uses old lyrics so that you can encourage emotions. After the modification, you will not have that emotion.

Mao Zedong: You still have to change, but the old one is still needed.

The symposium ended in the singing of the "Righteous Army" singing by the participants.

On the afternoon of September 26, the National Anthem of the National Anthem of the National Banner and National Anthem of the National Anthem of the National Anthem of the National Anthem of the National Anthem of the National Anthem of the National Anthem of the National Anthem of the National Anthem held the first meeting. ; According to the national emblem pattern reference, invite experts are invited to formulate separately; before formulating the formal national anthem, it is planned to be temporarily replaced by the "Volunteer Army"; Presidium of the plenary conference.

At 3 pm on September 27, Ma Xulun reported on behalf of the National Banner National Anthem of the National Anthem of the National Banner National Anthem and the first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. At the meeting, Zhou Enlai presided over the resolution on the national anthem and national flag:

Before the national anthem of the People's Republic of China was officially determined, the "Volunteer March" was used as the national anthem. Please raise your hand. —— Please let go. Please raise your hand if you don't agree. Please raise your hand if you are suspicious. ——The abandonment. We now use the national anthem for our current national anthem through "The Volunteer for the Volunteer".

The national flag of the People's Republic of China is a five -star red flag, symbolizing the unity of the Chinese revolutionary people.Please raise your hand.—— Please let go.Please raise your hand if you don't agree.Please raise your hand if you are suspicious.——It two abstains.Most of the flags of our national flag through five -star red flag.△ On September 29, 1949, the national anthem score published by the People's Daily.

△ The five -star red flag approved by the meeting

On the afternoon of September 30, a huge five -star red flag began on the podium of the first plenary session of the CPPCC.The meeting completed the agenda and closed in the "Righteous Army".

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Source: CPPCC News, Author: Li Hongmei.

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