Yuncheng Salt Insurance Center launched the Salt Lake Water System Survey on Day 275

After analyzing the situation around the salt pond, we lock the salt pond again.

In the next survey, we will start from near the salt pond, from far to near, from outside to inside, from macro to micro, to explore the flood control facilities, internal structures, mineral resources and microbial resources of salt ponds, so as to further clarify the bottom of this bottom , Accumulate first -hand information for scientific protection and use of salt ponds.

Under the leadership of the deputy director of the center and Lu Guoyu, the director of the office, we first explored the "Seventy -two Weir".

The embankment, the beach storage, and the Shu Shu. In order to prevent the water from entering the salt pond, the ancients took almost all effective water treatment measures in Chinese history, and in practice, according to the unique geographical conditions of Yanchi, they were very cleverly lay out of the water conservancy engineering facilities, which gave full play to their full play. Comprehensive function.

The so -called dyke block is to build a weir weir in the salt pond in a week to prevent the water from various passengers entering the salt pond. It is an important means to protect the salt pond. It was built many times during the Tang and Song dynasties, and it was continued to build it in all ages, so that more dyke weir have been carried out.

The dyke of the salt pond, the serial number is heavy, and each other is a horn. Although the far and near are different, the height is narrow and wide, and the oblique and righteousness is straight.

The Yanchi Diyan was recorded earlier. It was Li Chuoyan, who was monitored during the Song Dynasty (1086 to 1094) during the Yuan Dynasty (AD 1086 to 1094). In addition, there are "four years of Chongning (1105 AD), observing Wang Zhongqian's records of more than a hundred miles around Yanchi, built a foreign weir from the south of the embankment".

So, how many dyke weir are there in Yancheng Salt Pond in the week? Until now, there are different opinions. The most statement is that there are 72 dyke weir, but the statistics have different calibers. At present, the verification is yet to be confirmed.

According to the salt industry records during the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty, there were 50 loads in the salt ponds of Yuncheng, with 22 most important of which. These 22 dyke weir are the "backbone" forces in the Yanchi Dilvey Weir in Yuncheng. Their layout is:

Baishayan in Xia County (the picture is from the full picture of Hedong Yanchi in 1915, now hidden in the National Library of China)

Baijiayan and Lei Mingyan in Dongguo Town (the picture is from the full picture of Hedong salt pond in 1915, now hidden in the National Library of China)

East Forbidden Weir and Heilongyan in the east of the duck pond (the picture is from the full picture of the East Salt Pond in Hedong in 1915, and is now hidden in the National Library of China)

There are 7 in the east of Yanchi, namely Baishayan, Li Chuoyan, Lei Mingyan, Heilongyan, Shenjiayan, Water Yueyan, East Ban Yan;

Wulong Danyan and Wulong Xiaoyan in the western part of Yanchi (the picture is from the full picture of Hedong Yanchi in 1915, and is now hidden in the National Library of China)

Zhuo Daoyan, Qilang Weir, and Nitigo Weir in the west of Yanchi (the picture is from the full picture of Hedong Yanchi in 1915, now hidden in the National Library of China)

There are 9 in the west of Yanchi, namely Western Forbidden Weir, Zhuoyao Yan, Qilang Weir, Huangping Weir, Nitherchi Weir, Changdong Weir, Wulongyan, Qinglongyan, Shrimpy Weir;

Hejiayan, Sangyuanyan, Longwangyan, short weir, Changpingyan, and Zhaojiawan weir in the south of Yanchi (the picture is from the full picture of Hedong Yanchi in 1915, now hidden in the National Library of China)

There are 6 in the south of Yanchi, namely Hejiayan, Sangyuanyan, Longwangyan, Shorty, Changping Weir, and Zhaojiawan Weir.

The length and position of the above dyke weir are recorded in detail, such as:

"Based on the south of the Chi. Chi Zhi is approaching the mountains, the rain is underwater, and it is not solemn. , Set up weir defense. There are Sangyuanyan in the east, 8070 feet long, in the west of Qucun Village. There are Changpingyan, 380 feet long, in the west of Changping Village. Seventy feet, in the west of Silkworm Fang Village. There are short weir, 160 feet long, in Dongjiazhuang West. There are Hejiayan, 450 feet long, in the south of Zhengzhuang. Zhaojiawan weir, 70 % long, is approaching the state city in the west, in the east of the East Village.

The use of the "Huki Division Weir" is relatively wide, but according to its main role, it can be roughly divided into three points:

Water eye on the long embankment

Water eye on the south

The first is the "obstacle", which is to use the method of blocking to let the floods leak into the natural concave land digestion. When the water is large and the digestion cannot be finished, the "water eye" under the dyke weir flows into the pool.

Li Chuo Dayan and Li Chuo Xiaoyan are located near Wangyukou (Yao Saushan source) in Xia County (the picture is from the full picture of Hedong Yanchi in 1915, now hidden in the National Library of China)

The second is the "guide", which is the "guide" of the dykey weir to the salt pond. For example, Li Chuoyan, the earliest supervisor of Chi Dong Li Chuo, is Wangyukou, Shijiayu, and Duya in the territory of Zhongjo Shanxia County. The water of the river and other channels was imported into Yao Saho, and it was leaked into the Yellow River through the Beach of the Pond. The five dragon weir of the west of Chi West, the west of the water west, the quiet forest, Qinglong, and Shilou Zhuyu of the southwest of Huichi entered the Xinhe (later Wanwan River), and finally returned to the Yellow River. Known as "the Great Wall of West". As for Chi Nanzhong, the mountains are "although Li Chuo and Wulong, the predecessors are innocent." For another example, in the north of the north of Yuncheng, in addition to the south of the water, the flood is mainly led to the south of the Wu.

Black Dragon Weir, Water Yueyan, and Shangdong Guo Town Guan Road in the east of Yanchi —— The picture from the 30th year of the Qing Daoguang (1850) Shanxi Hedong Yanchi map is now hidden in the National Library

Zhuo Daoyan, Qilang Weir, and Nitty Weir were built in the west of Yanchi -the picture from the 30th year of the Qing Daoguang (1850) Shanxi Hedong Yanchi Map is now hidden in the National Library. Beach, use natural depression and small lakes to reduce flood peaks and regulate floods. For example, the East Ban Yan of Chitong, the duck pond outside the weir, the black dragon weir outside the duck pond, and the soup beach outside the weir; The water of the door beach, the water of the nitrate pool of nitrate pool, the water of the long music beach, etc.

Looking at the measures of the dyke, beaches, and Shu Shu adopted by the past ages, measures to govern the water in the governance of passenger water are effective policies for the treatment of Yanyang Yanchi and the root causes. It is very scientific and has important understanding of value and practical benefits.

Baobao Changdi

These "pool dyke weir" not only played its anti -blocking effect, but also played a diversion effect when preventing the water -controlling water -if it can only prevent blocking, the guest water still surrounds the salt pond for a week. It cannot be eliminated; only by the diversion of the guest water, can the salt pond firmly guard the salt pond. Therefore, the ancient craftsmen noticed this problem when they were built, and the dyke weir was very reasonable, so that while playing the interception effect, it could also take the flood guidance far away, playing a dual role of blocking and guidance.

Because dyke weir is the key to protecting the safety of salt ponds, feudal rulers have set up salt officials in salt ponds, responsible for salt pond production and flood prevention safety work, and the introduction of dyke weir every year is not uncommon in historical materials.

In the Qing Dynasty, the dyke weir had become part of the production of salt ponds. As for who to repair and how to repair it, in fact, it has also experienced a process of change.

In the 27th year of Kangxi (AD 1688), Su Changchen suggested to establish a "method of dividing the division of work in Jun Pingzhang". Among them, the serving of the ruler refers to the unpaid labor undertaken by the rulers in ancient times, which means that the affairs of the year are shared by the people on average.

According to records, the ruler attached great importance to the quality of the maintenance of dyke weir at that time. The maintenance projects were contracted by the states and counties in accordance with regulations. It is required that it must be built within the prescribed time. And wearing a criminal supervisor (rebuilding), it will form a convention in the future -the degree of importance to dyke weir can be seen.

In the three years of Yongzheng, the salt patrol of the salt Royal Shika proposed that Ding Dingbu was repaid for recruitment, and special funds were set up every year to allocate silver two as the cost of comprehensive repair.

In the thirteenth year of Yongzheng (AD 1735), Yanzhi Sun Jiayi believed that the annual years of repairs had a "suspect" of doing superficial work. Effect.

However, in the end of the Qing Dynasty and the period of the Kuomintang's rule, due to internal and external problems, not only did they not build a "pool dyke weir", but even the original dyke weir did not repair and protect well.

Due to severe damage, the flood disasters continued to invade the salt pond. According to records, from the twenty -fourth year of Guangxu (AD 1898) to the 33rd year of the Republic of China (1944 AD), the floods have eight times in Li Chuoyan, and an average of 6 years occur once. Flood disasters. Among them, the twenty -four and twenty -seventh year of Guangxu rushed into the salt pond twice.

Black dragon weir

Qilangyan

Nitrate weir

To this day, the name of many "pool dyke weir" can only find their shadows on the ancient maps. What is really seen in the survey is the East Ban Weir, Heilong Weir, Qilang Weir, Nitty Chi Weir, etc. There are a few dyke weir, and some of them need to be reinforced and reinforced urgently.

For example, the Black Dragon Weir, which is separated from the Yiyan of the Duck Pond, has been built for hundreds of years. In addition to the record in February of the first year (AD 1328), Xiezhou Yanchi Heilongyan was bad, and the salt house was repaired by the tune. " Outside, there have been almost no comprehensive reinforcement, and the weir body is severely aging and disrepair. During the continuous heavy rainfall from September 22 to 28, 2021, it was found that the longitudinal cracks appeared on the longitudinal cracks in the longitudinal cracks (the drainage passage between Tangli Beach and the Duck Pond). It failed to store a lot of water, but even if the waterway was opened, I didn't dare to rash a lot of water.

"The same month before the window, only plum blossoms are different."

It is precisely because Yuncheng Salt Ponds have many exclusive flood control facilities, including the "Huchi Dishi Weir", which makes it different from the various salt lakes in China and even the world's countries.

Salt pond overlook

Nowadays, in the context of "returning salt and returning to the lake", when we re -touch and examine the "pool dyke weir" in historical smoke clouds, we more and more feel its important practical value and cultural value.

Therefore, restoration, reinforcement, and protecting these "pool dyke weir" can not only protect Yanchi Anlan, but also protect the extremely rich mineral resources and cultural rich mines deposited here!

Zhang Tong Cheng Lili Xue Jixin

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