From the poor background, to a generation of Thai Dou: He drew the beauty of Chinese flying birds

More than 100 years ago, a poverty was born,

British who have hardly received formal education,

Leading more than 3,000 bird museums.

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Bai Yan (left) and Baihe (right) (right)

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White Vercular (Left) and Sparrow Eagle (right)

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Brown Breast Dharma Monk (left) chestnut throat bee tiger (right)

In the age when the camera is not popular and the traffic is inconvenient,

Most of his works are drawn in contrast to the specimen,

But its accuracy, vitality,

It is surprising, known as "the perfect reflection mirror of nature",

He is John Gurd,

It is one of the "The most accomplished bird illustrator in the UK",

It is the Thai Dou in the eyes of the bird love.

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Carving hand drawing (left) and real shots (right) (right)

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Hermiac drawing (left) and real shots (right) (right)

Gurd has never been in China in the future,

But the birds in his pen are now distributed in China.

Scholars Liu Gang, Xia Xue, Zhu Lei,

Take 2 years,

Selected 519 kinds of birds distributed in China,

Compiled into a new book "Chinese Flying Birds Crossing Time and Space",

Douban opens 9.7,

It can be called a "Chinese Bird Hand -drawing Book".

Written article: Zhang Ruijia

Responsible editor: Ni Chujiao

China is one of the most abundant nations in the world, and there are about 1,500 kinds found so far.

Let's first know some elf -like birds.

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Xueyu hand -drawn drawing (left) and real shots (right) (right)

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Snowy Shooting Picture

This is snowy, don't look at it white and dumb, but it is a natural "killer". When hunting, it can fly smoothly and dive strongly, and move quickly.

The snow -drawn was painted by Gurd more than 100 years ago. China was discovered for the first time in Heilongjiang until the winter of 1957.

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下 笔 in Gurd's pen

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Kaito Shooting

Alas, it is a relatively old -fashioned waterbird on the planet. They have a habit: they will eat their own abdomen and two ribs of feathers regularly. The specific reasons are not concluded, but they may be that they may prevent fish thorns from scratching the stomach.

There are five types of distribution in China, three of which: red necks, horns, and black necks have been listed as national secondary protection animals.

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The spoon mouth in Gurd's pen 下

With a spoonful mouth, a large spoon is born, which can better detect the food in the underwater sediment, and the wide tongue is convenient to filter food. It is one of the rare birds in the world, with only 500 worldwide, and is my country's first -level protection animal.

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Hand -crane hand drawing (left) and real shots (right)

为 称 蓑, also known as the girlfriend crane, has an elegant appearance, but has an extraordinary perseverance.

Some of the puppet cranes that breed in our country will overwinter the Himalayas to South Asia every year in autumn and winter. The spring will be launched again and returns to the breeding ground.

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Hand -drawing

情, considered a symbol of love, often appeared in pairs. However, many people do not know that this "monogamy" is sometimes effective. In the second year after the reproduction period, they will find another new love. In most cases, the female bird will be the heavy responsibility of raising children.

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Dai Sheng hand -drawn drawing (left) and real shots (right)

Dai Sheng is known as the "messenger of the spring". It reproduces the rain before and after the rain of the spring. When the breeding of the dung and tail gland, the stool and tail gland are applied to eggs and young birds, which is conducive to incubation and feather protection.

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Brown horse chicken hand drawing

The brown horse chicken may not be seen in the wild now, it runs like a steed. During the Emperor Hanwu, its feathers were used to reward generals. It is my country's first -level protection wildlife.

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Blue throat sunbird hand drawing (left) and the solar bird real picture (right)

Named by famous bird scientists, illustrators, Mrs. Gurd's wife Elizabeth

The peak of these 19th -century museum paintings are from the hands of Gurd and its team. If he only can draw, then he is not a legend. In the eyes of the bird lovers, he is the Thai Dou.

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Gurd's portrait

Gurd was born in a poor working family, and his father was a gardener. As early as 13 years old, he began to study bird science. At the age of 24, he was appointed as the first curator of the London Animal Society Museum.

In his age, there was no high -performance telescope today, and the traffic was underdeveloped. It could only be created by comparing the specimens and reference to the wild observation notes. Even so, he successively published more than 50 rolls of birds such as "Himalayan Birds", and even named and described about 380 new species of birds.

After Darwin drove the "Little Hound" to end the global sailing, he named Gurd to identify the bird specimens he brought back. The "Darwin bird" we know is first appointed by Gurd.

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Gray crane hand drawing

Gurd not only restores the shape of the birds, but also focuses on their behavior, living habits, and living environments, such as the surrounding flowers and plants, rivers, ... without wild inspections, it can be said that it is accurate.

For example, dozens of gray cranes appear in the background of this gray crane, some are foraging, some are resting, and some look like looking at the wind ... can be depicted by such a detailed manner, and also reveal a message. The distribution is relatively wide.

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Red -bellied brocade hand drawing

The red -bellied brocade is a unique bird species in my country and is considered one of the birds closest to the image of the Phoenix. The "Shan Hai Jing" has recorded it. The five collections are called Fenghuang. "In this picture, Gurd depicts a total of 5 red -bellied brocade, with clear male and female, and look at the environment they live in detail, just like in the mountain environment.

However, there are still inaccurate places in the painting. For example, the iris of the male bird of the red -bellied chicken should be pale yellow instead of brownish yellow. They are sensitive and almost not squatting on the ground. Today, the classification of birds has been evolved, and some of the time of Gurd's speculation have been different, but it does not affect the historical value of their paintings.

We interviewed the two editors of this book, Xia Xue of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Xishuangbanna's Tropical Botanical Garden, and Zhu Lei, a bird ecologist Zhu Lei to understand the creative story of the book, the status quo of the Chinese birds, and the life experience of them engaged in ecological research.

The following is Xia Xue's self -report:

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Xia Xue and parasitic flowers

The book "Chinese Flying Birds Crossing Time and Space" is mainly divided into two parts, one is the combing of Gurd's life, and the other is 519 Chinese bird hand -drawn drawings and its introduction. Among them, the classification, threat, and protection level of 519 birds were written and reviewed by Teacher Liu Gang and Zhu Lei, and Gurd's life and 25 bird science essays were written by me.

In early 2020, the editor of this set of books contacted me and said that they collected a group of Gurd hand -drawn drawings and asked if I was interested in to do a related topic together. When I heard the picture of Gurd, I was very excited.

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Xia Xue's black -tailed gull

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Xia Xue in the wild bird in the wild

In early 2015, when I went to Sri Lanka to attend a friend's wedding, I saw a paradise bird painted in a professor's office and was fascinated at once. This is the first time I have heard the name Gurd.

I dreamed of heaven that night. The next morning, we drank tea in the yard, surrounded by clouds, and talked about my dreams. Everyone said and laughed. That picture was particularly beautiful.

So when a friend called me to say that it was Gurd's painting, I was on my eyes. I didn't know when I would come back when I was surprised to you before. It was really a fate.

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Mantis shot by Xia Xue

I now work in the West Shuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, mainly doing scientific education and protection education.

I have been very interested in biology since I was a child. I think that if a person wants to understand the world, I start with understanding myself, so I learned biotechnology at the university. After I have a certain understanding of the small -scale world, I want to see it. Large -scale things, so I transferred the direction to professional ecology.

In birds, I prefer raptors. Snowy is a kind of raptor. In addition to the high value, they also admire their power to adapt to the environment. In fact, their living environment is quite harsh, temperature and food are not as rich as our tropical areas.

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The yellow waist sunbird (left) and real shot (right) in Gurd's pen (left)

Sunbird is known as "Hummingbird in the East"

Our Botanical Garden has a lot of yellow waist sunbirds, and it is also one of our star bird species. Sometimes they stop on the car shed and on the branches. They may be five meters away from others. They eat nectar there, making people feel very kind. Gurd also painted the yellow waist sunbird and was included in the book.

There are currently 305 kinds of birds, 44 types of reptiles, 27 amphibians, 468 butterflies, and more than 800 spiders in our botanical garden. There are even more insects.

It's a very happy thing to get along with them. I sometimes think about, how much do I know about the world? How much do you know about yourself? So want to know the world as much as possible.

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Xia Xue worked on the boat as an Antarctic explorer

In 2018, I was particularly fortunate to be recruited and became a Chinese explorer of the Antarctic science adventure cruise ship. Departing from December, I came back in February, and I often traveled from surrounding cities to the Antarctic Peninsula in three months.

On the boat, we will do translation and popular science work, such as scientific lectures and safety explanations. It will also carry out civic scientific projects in the time of land, such as investigating water quality, bird breeding, climate data, etc. to cooperate with local universities. I went again in 2019.

The experience of Antarctic Adventure opened a new window for me to observe the world. The colleagues in the team, in their 80s, are still doing explorers. There is an old grandmother in her 70s, a historian who studies history in her 50s, and then go to college to study. There is also a colleague who turned to geological major because of his hobbies, and finally found a faculty in a university.

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Xia Xue shoots plants in the wild

These people not only let me see the spirit of learning old and living old, but also admire them to use their own strength to science popularization and protect nature. I think I can also become such a popular science worker.

I often told my friends that I did not protect the world's feelings, but I hope to do something for the world. The deep exploration of Gurd has strengthened this idea.

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Zhu Lei in the wild bird in the wild

Q: One

A: Zhu Lei (Zhu Lei, Vice Chairman of the Chengdu Bird Watch Association, currently served in the Guangxi Academy of Sciences, "Chinese Flying Birds Crossing Time and Space" for review)

Q: How do you and the birds get married?

A: When I was in a graduate student, I took a bird class. The teacher in the class was an old gentleman. After 70 years of age, he took us with dry food. Birds, he can analyze the head. I admire it very much, and I have been in contact with birds and bird watching since then. I have been engaged in bird ecology for many years. ▲

Bird shot by Zhu Lei

Q: Why do so many people like bird watching? What is the development of bird watching?

A: Bird will fly this point, which is very jealous of human beings. People have a lot of beautiful imagination about flying into the sky. Birds are active during the day and fly, the feather color is beautiful, and the behavior is more diverse. When asking for even, there will be some gentle singing. These reasons are added together, causing humans to ignore birds, and birds are one of the most knowledgeable creatures humans.

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Zhu Lei watched birds in Wolong, Sichuan

Since 1996, there have been bird watching groups in my country, and it has now developed to millions. Human interest in hunting is lurking in genes. Bird watching needs a keen observation as hunting and act quietly. The basic content of bird watching is: identifying types, observing the behavior of birds, and the environment of their lives. In a sense, they repeat the activities of the ancestors' hunting, but they were maintaining their livelihoods at that time, and they are now a rich spirit.

The conditions of Gurd's age are simple. In order to study birds, you can only fight the birds to study the specimen. There is a proverb in English: What's her is history, what's missed is mystery. It means that "the one who hit the hit becomes history, and the one who does not hit it becomes a mystery." And the basic elements we are studying must be that the research target must be alive, and we can know that it interacts with the surrounding interaction.

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Yingkou Red Beach Bird Viewing Group

Photography: Master Zhao

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Zhu Lei shot at Yingkou Daniel Crane

Q: Do you impress the most impressive bird watching?

A: That was the first time I saw the red -crowned crane. We went to the Danding Crane Reserve in Yingkou, Liaoning.

In late August, it happened to be the most beautiful season of the Red Beach, but it is not a good season for bird watching. The breeding season of the Danbang crane has passed, and the reeds are also old. Covering, so my expectations are not very high.

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The red -crowned crane seen by Zhu Lei at Yingkou

Photography: Master Zhao

At that time, most people were addicted to a neighborhood. I suddenly saw a large red -crowned crane behind, and stood abruptly on the open area. It was very tall and elegant. The people next to them didn't pay attention. I have been impressed by that scene. The blue sky and white clouds are also good. There are green reeds next to it. The background is the sea. There is a red red beach next to it. The composition is very beautiful.

The scene of the camera is relatively small. Many photography enthusiasts ignore the more surprising things in the surrounding environment because they are concerned about a bird. Not only did I see the birds at that time, after the end, I had a new understanding and experience of how to see birds and even how to see the world.

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Zhu Lei shot 摄

Q: Will new birds often find new birds today?

A: Because the basis of bird science research throughout Asia is relatively weak, but has high biodiversity, if you go to the place where people are rare today, or have enough understanding of a group, it is still possible to find some before. Non -named new species.

For example, from 2002 to 2020, there were nearly 20 new records of birds that were not available before Guangdong Province. For example, the red -tailed tail that had just been discovered some time ago, this year's Zhuhai area has also been found. , Robe duck, marijing, red -breasted autumn sand duck, white spoonbill and black gray 鸫.

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Bird shot by Zhu Lei

Q: The research foundation is weak and reflected specifically?

A: Simply put, there are currently 1,500 kinds of birds in China, but we must not have 1,500 research birds, which means that there are less than one of each one. There are about 2,000 research positions in the United States, but there are less than 900 birds in the United States. Among them, about one or two hundred of them occasionally appear in the United States. So we still have room for progress in this regard.

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The birds who hit the death of death

Picture source: Yangtze River Delta 2022 Spring Birds Investigation Volunteer Volunteer

Q: What are the crisis facing birds?

A: I recently participated in a project called the Bird's Cangel Campaign Network. In the 8 important migratory birds in the world, 3 have passed through China. In addition to the threat of illegal hunting and habitat losses. After entering the city, it is the biggest danger of building glass by mistake. The second major cause of death.

Most birds will die directly after the impact, because of intracranial hemorrhage, but "bird collision" in China has not attracted much attention, so our Chengdu Bird Watching Association, Kunshan Duke University, Landscape Nature Protection Center and other institutions have launched together. The national systematic bird bump investigation, hoping to evoke everyone's understanding of this, has done two seasons now.

There are two reasons for the birds. First, during the day, the glass on the glass will reflect the vegetation and sky environment, and the birds are unable to identify. The second is that through transparent glass birds, you can see the plants behind, thinking that you can reach the opposite side through the glass. Night artificial light can also make birds lose their sense of direction.

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Case of North American Birds Blinding Glass Reconstruction

Picture source: American Bird Protection Association

At present, there are two ideas that can be renovated. One is to make the glass as unattractive as possible, such as stickers, pulling shutters, etc.; The second is to increase obstacles, such as adding some pattern stickers and painting. Of course, it is best to consider the potential risk of glass to birds during architectural planning.

In addition, the abuse of some pesticides is also a threat facing birds. For example, there is a classic case in history. When DDT pesticides were just created, people think that this is a very good pesticide and even awarded Nobel Prime After a large number of prizes, a large number of birds died after a period of time, and at the same time, it caused very severe human health problems.

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Parrot Shooting

Q: How do you think of home -raising birds?

A: Behind the cute parrot at home, many people do not have a macro concept. In fact, there are more than 300 types of parrots around the world, of which more than one -third of them are threatened. Pet trade is clearly identified and one of the main reasons for their endangered.

Some people say that the tiger parrot is already a relatively moldy pet on the market. It can be cultivated manually without affecting the living conditions of the tiger parrot in Australia. You cannot use such a weak example to defend other types of parrots, such as African gray parrots, and the source of some rare birds circulating on the market is difficult to identify. Some parrots have a long breeding cycle and increased the cost of breeding, which has encouraged the sale of wild parrots.

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A "Lulbird Manor" that has been filmed is a typical typical of people and birds in harmony.

Q: As an ecologist, can you make a few appeals to the public.

A: The need for our life now is basically from nature, such as electricity and fossil energy, and even the root of new energy is solar. So we live on the earth with a population of more than 7 billion people. We should really think about the future and think about our descendants. Maybe a humans' trivial behavior is superimposed, and finally it is a disaster for wild animals.

I hope that works like "Chinese Flying Birds Crossing Time and Space" make more people realize the beauty of nature around them. It is not necessarily a bird, but birds are a good entry point. I don't think people can leave nature and exist. of.

Part of the source: Zhihu's book "Chinese Flying Birds Cross Time and Space"

Title: Lulbird Manor

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