For 40 years of the protection system of historical and cultural cities, what are the new methods of guarding the city?

The upper reaches of the ancient city streets in Lizhong City, Sichuan Province are woven. Photo by Wang Yugui from China News Agency

In 1982, the State Council announced the first batch of national historical and cultural cities. After 40 spring and autumn, the number of national historical and cultural cities has reached 141, and provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities have successively established and improved their historical and cultural urban communities. The long and splendid Chinese civilization is not only concentrated in the museum, but also is displayed and inherited in the vast Chinese land and in a rich real life.

What are the new "opening methods" of the previous mottled historical seals? How to do a good job in the protection and inheritance of historical and cultural relics in the new era, and continuously improve the effectiveness of the protection and inheritance of historical and cultural cities?

At the "Inheritance and Innovation, Tsinghua and Famous City's 40th Anniversary" held recently, experts in the protection of historic and cultural cities gathered together to retrospect the 40 years of work and achievements in the 40 years of famous cities, and discuss the measures to deal with future challenges. The participating experts agreed that in -depth discovering the cultural genes of Chinese civilization and protecting, using, and inheriting those historical and cultural heritages that have been standing for thousands of years in the years, it is a major responsibility for contemporary people to shirk.

Innovation and transformation of the ancient city glowing new face

When it comes to Yongxin County under the jurisdiction of Ji'an, a provincial -level historical and cultural city in Jiangxi, people will first think of its red gene: the core of the "Sanwan adaptation" and the core of the Hunan and Jiangxi Revolutionary Base. It has rich non -heritage cultural resources, but encountered development bottlenecks in the process of rapid urbanization. Insufficient development of the ancient city, the need to improve the space environment, and the loss of young people ... A series of "growing troubles" troubles Yongxin.

Change, start with "Re -see Yongxin -Ancient City Regeneration Plan". In 2019, many masters in the field of construction planning set up a "master work camp" to place the factors of planning, planning, landscape, architecture, culture, industry, operation and other factors on the same research platform, and to outline the development blueprint in a "face -to -face" manner in a "face -to -face" manner. Essence

Different from the traditional "big demolition and large -scale" old city reconstruction, Yongxin's approach is to "acupuncture" transformation, that is, a small -scale transformation is performed by a "point -in -cut" manner in a specific area to trigger Changes in the surrounding environment.

The community office building is converted to the new landmark of the Food Culture of Yongxin Ancient City, the former garbage dump transformed into the net red visitor center, and the abandoned mosquito coil factory has been transformed into a new window of Yongxin non -heritage culture ... Now, such cases can be seen everywhere in Yongxin Ancient City everywhere Essence

Shi Binhua was born in Yongxin and grew up in Yongxin. After the college entrance examination, he was accepted by Wuhan University and studied aerospace -related majors. This is a space talent, but under the infection of the regeneration plan of the ancient city of "seeing the Yongxin", Shi Binhua returned to his hometown and opened a milk tea shop on the old street. "Our milk tea reflects the red theme from visual packaging to ingredients. The purpose is to tell the story of Yongxin and promote the red culture. Opening this shop is also to create a gathering place for youth experience exchanges to attract more people to return to their hometowns to return to their hometown Entrepreneurship. "Shi Binhua said.

After the ancient city of freshmen, the story of the return of young people's return to entrepreneurship is continuously staged in Yongxin.

Yongxin explores a new path of implementing urban renewal, inheriting historical context, and achieving high -quality development by exploring the wisdom of traditional camps. Its example also confirms the importance of paying attention to the protection of historical and cultural protection, and inheriting the spirit of the spirit of the Chinese nation's spirit.

It is worth noting that my country has not only achieved remarkable results in the protection of historical and cultural cities at all levels, but also surrendered a bright transcript in the protection of the village: 799 towns and villages were announced as famous villages in Chinese historical and cultural towns, 6819 The village is included in the traditional Chinese village protection list, forming the world's largest farming civilization heritage protection group, and in the process of rapid urbanization, it has rescued and protected a large number of precious historical and cultural heritage.

Investment of special cities for protection of famous cities should be increased

In July, the national historical and cultural city of Sichuan, Sichuan, has beautiful scenery and vitality. The Jialing River passed by the city, and the green trees and red flowers were dotted with the streets of the streets.

Looking back at history, there have been counties, states, prefectures, and Taoist governments. Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty, Du Fu left here to leave an eternal sentence of "the south of Puzhou City". The historical accumulation of 2300 years, the prosperity of the Spring Festival, Feng Shui, the Three Kingdoms, and the imperial examinations, has consolidated the humanistic root and cultural cornerstone of the city.

Based on the moment, this millennium ancient city is in the infiltration of culture, and it exudes intoxicating fragrance through tourism.

Zhang Guanghan, deputy general planner of the China Urban Planning and Design Institute, went to Huanzhong in 1998. He recalled that in September 1998, the people's government of the Langzhong City issued a notice of widening and transformation of the inner ring line, and 17 were demolished. "The government encourages developers to develop and has done the broadness and transformation of Binjiang Road, but these transformations have destroyed the connection between the city and the Jialing River." Zhang Guanghan said.

If the developer is not allowed to participate, the funds will be disappeared; the protection of funds is not in place, and many tasks will be difficult to carry out.

"Since 1997, the state has established special cities for protection of cities. The National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, and the former Ministry of Construction and the State Cultural Relics Bureau are invested 15 million yuan each year for the improvement and infrastructure improvement of historical and cultural districts in famous cities. A significant effect, "Zhang Guanghan said.

China City Daily reporters learned that Shanxi Pingyao, Zhejiang Shaoxing, Fujian Zhangzhou and other places used the above funds to start protecting cultural heritage resources and form a highlight of economic growth. Some famous cities have also won the United Nations Household Environment Award, which has raised my country's position in the field of international heritage protection.资 资 is also the beneficiary of the special fund. Zhang Guanghan introduced that Later, it took the combination of government, social investment, individuals, and units to solve funding problems. After the government's capital investment, it has led to private investment -in the improvement of the infrastructure of the streets and alleys, the residents of the middle of the middle can invest in repairing their own houses; Many, but mobilized the enthusiasm of locals to build their own houses. After the repair is completed, the residents can live on the one hand, and on the other hand, they can also do some homestays or teahouse projects in combination with the development of tourism to increase personal income.

"The long -term funding of national famous cities' protection funds has formed a virtuous circle, which has attracted the attention of local leaders at all levels. It has played a key role in promoting the improvement of the infrastructure of famous cities and the protection of the appearance." Zhang Guanghan appealed Investment and form a regulations to ensure the implementation.

Establishing a protective inheritance system is a new stage

"In the past 40 years, the protection system of famous cities has improved, the protection of concepts has paid attention to the times, the protection forces have continued to innovate, the protection objects have continued to expand, and the protection experience has become increasingly rich." Said Yang Baojun, chief economist of the Ministry of Housing and Urban -Rural Development.

However, while achieving achievements, we must also soberly realize that the protection of famous cities is still on the road. In the new historical period, the protection of historical and cultural cities also has new topics.

"In the process of the development of related work, there are problems with ideological understanding, fragmented protection content, unscientific protection methods, inadequate use of activation, and poor supervision and management." Political standing, grasping core tasks, focusing on key tasks, establishing a new chapter in the protection and inheritance system of classified science, strong protection, and effective management, and writing a new chapter in urban and rural historical and cultural protection.

Lu Zhou, a professor at the School of Architecture of Tsinghua University and the director of the National Heritage Center of Tsinghua University, also mentioned that establishing a system of urban and rural historical and cultural protection and inheritance system is a new stage of the protection of historical and cultural cities. He said that under the premise of fully protecting various cultural heritage, the construction of urban and rural historical and cultural protection and inheritance systems must tell the story of Chinese stories through the integration of all historical and cultural resources within the administrative division under its jurisdiction, stimulate the people's cultural self -confidence, and promote the excellent culture Inheritance and contemporary innovation.

Zhang Bing, director of the Land and Space Planning Bureau of the Ministry of Natural Resources, talked about the preparation and implementation of cultural relics protection management into the planning of land and space planning to build a "one picture" for land and space planning; establish a monitoring and evaluation and early warning system, delineate the protection line of historical and cultural sites, Incorporate it into the "one picture"; strengthen the bottom line of the protection of cultural heritage, study and introduce relevant land management policies, and promote the reasonable use of cultural heritage. "It is necessary to rely on the construction of the system and the modernization of space governance to solve the problem of cultural heritage protection and inheritance, and to really move towards the future." Zhang Bing said.

Shen Lei, chief engineer of the China Urban Science Research Association, suggested that under the leadership of the "Chief Model Model" supported by technical and administrative decisions, it has formed a large city protection to the city's whole, from abstract text to spatial carrier, from true protection to true embodiment The three major methods of protection of famous cities. With the "Chief Model Model" as an important mechanism, promoting the overall protection and complex technological operations of the city can further promote cultural self -confidence and promote the continuous expansion of the connotation and extension of historical and cultural cities.

Speaking of the challenges and future facing the protection of famous cities, Liu Boying, director of the Industrial Heritage Department of the Chinese History and Cultural City Committee, pointed out that the industrial heritage has a promoted role in the evolution and development of the city. The inheritance is included in the prestigious city protection system, prepared a special protection plan, and sorted out the relationship with other protection elements.

■ China City News Reporter: Zheng Xinyu

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