Observation of Ba Yonglou 丨 Photovoltaic, can Yiwu "walk on two legs"?

Zhejiang News Client reporter He Xianjun Du Yufeng

Every few days, a train full of goods departs from Yiwu West Station, drives to Zhoushan Port, Ningbo, and then connects through sea transport to overseas.

The novelty is that these goods are not small products, but photovoltaic photovoltaic products.

Yiwu, starting from the "chicken hair change sugar", created the world's largest and small commodity market. Right now, while adhering to the development of small products, Yiwu quietly opened the era of photovoltaic photovoltaic. Data show that the investment scale of the photovoltaic photovoltaic industry in Yiwu has exceeded 80 billion yuan, and its production capacity exceeds 100GW (Note: 1GW = 1 million kilowatts). By the end of 2022, Yiwu will complete a 500,000 kilowatt -light installation machine grid. It is expected that the year -on -year power generation will reach 500 million kWh, which is equivalent to solving the annual power consumption of nearly 200,000 households.

When netizens were still ridiculing that "Yiwu will never let you down", Yiwu, which they are familiar with, have changed.

Yiwu -Ningbo Zhoushan Port Sea Railway Lianyong Fresh Purples departure. Photographed by Lu Lei

Attack photovoltaic

Many people do n’t know that until 2019, the GDP of Yiwu is not as good as its neighbors -Lanxi City, and Lanxi ’s resident population is only one -third of Yiwu. For a long time, Yiwu Trading Market is ahead of the country, but industry is a shortcoming.

Observing 100 billion counties in Zhejiang, you will find that most areas have industrial clusters with high added value and clear core advantages, such as Cixi's small appliances, Yuyao's car parts, and Wenling's CNC machine tools. Only Yiwu has been criticized for a long time due to low and small scattered small commodity industry.

How to develop industry? So many tracks, which one does it choose? Yiwu chose photovoltaic.

In 2016, Yiwu Information Optoelectronics High -tech Industrial Garden rose. At that time, the entire photovoltaic industry was in a trough period and faced a huge challenge. However, the guilty Yiwu people believe that the direction of the country's development of photovoltaic is firm, and its support for the photovoltaic industry is not shaken.

The key out of "0" to "1" is Aixu shares. Since its establishment in 2009, Aixu has been in the number of domestic photovoltaic battery pieces. It was also the first photovoltaic manufacturer to settle in and set the group headquarters in Yiwu.

In January 2017, Aixu and Yiwu High -tech Zone signed an annual output of 8GW high -efficiency solar cell production base project, involving an investment of about 6 billion yuan, covering an area of ​​350 acres.

The "magnetic effect" spawned by the industry leaders is powerful. Following Aixu's shares, the world's top Oriental Rising has also set up a new manufacturing base in Yiwu. Today's Yiwu has brought together photovoltaic head companies such as Jingke Energy, Jing'ao Technology, Tiansheng Energy, Oriental Risheng, and Aixu Co., Ltd.

The "Photovoltaic Industry Development Plan of Yiwu City" proposed that by 2025, the total output value of Yiwu photovoltaic industry reached 100 billion yuan, and five leading enterprises with a output value of over 10 billion yuan, a number of growth companies with more than 1 billion yuan.

The starting ceremony of the construction of a 10GW component auxiliary material supporting project of Jing'ao Technology. Sharing Alliance Yiwu Station Photo Conference

Lurking crisis

When Yiwu photovoltaic, when the song advanced, some people raised different voices.

"Yiwu is located in central Zhejiang, surrounded by mountains on all sides, and water is short of water." Wu Xin, an analyst at Zhejiang Zhongtian Investment Company, believes that compared with the middle and western parts of the land and energy, Yiwu vigorously introduced the development of photovoltaic and supporting industries. Essence

For an Ai Xu shares, the amount of electricity consumption is as high as more than 1 million degrees a day. How to better and more scientific planning land is a major test facing Yiwu.

Another hidden crisis is the "inside" of the photovoltaic industry. According to the information of the industry association, in the past two years, more than 70 external industry companies that have "eight poles" with photovoltaic "eight poles" have begun to do photovoltaic cross -border. Geely Group and other car companies are listed.

How can Yiwu win in this game? From the perspective of many photovoltaic bosses, Yiwu has many conditions for developing emerging industries.

First of all, as the "world supermarket", the flow of people's flow, information flow and logistics gathered. Where is the "flying" of Yiwu commodities, where is Yiwu logistics followed. Yiwu has a logistics distribution network facing the world, covering the country, and low -cost.

"Photovoltaic components are products that are" big in large -scale ". The original auxiliary materials have a large amount of transportation, and the amount of transportation of the finished product is also very large. . "Sheng Zhijing, director of the China Merchants Bureau of the High -tech Zone of Yiwu City, introduced that the cost of logistics is the biggest advantage of Yiwu, which is 20 % lower than other cities. They have calculated a account on Jingke Energy Solar Energy Component Project. If the project landed on the ground, the cost of logistics can save 100 million yuan in terms of logistics costs.

The second is the business environment. The 10 -kilometer temporary water pipe was completed in 45 days, and the 99 -day realization of Tianghe Light Energy 2 4GW project was completed and put into operation ... Earlier this year, the Provincial Federation of Industry and Commerce released the "Report on the Economic Report of the Business Evaluation of Wanjia Private Enterprises in Zhejiang Province in 2021", Yiwu It ranked first in Zhejiang's industrial county (city, district) business environment in 2021.

Scientific research innovation is also very important. In the past two years, Yiwu Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government have introduced a number of policies. If the company's R & D investment exceeds 30 million yuan in the year, the reward will be given at 10%, and the R & D investment of 20 million yuan (inclusive) -30 million yuan (inclusive) -20 million yuan will be based on 8%and 6%, respectively. Give rewards, a single enterprise award up to 10 million yuan. Last year, Yiwu took out the "True Gold and Silver" with a total amount of 40.8 million yuan, rewarding 68 national high -tech enterprises identified in 2020, among them, there are many photovoltaic photovoltaic companies. Enterprises are prepared.

Like Aixu, a huge R & D base was established in Germany. This global joint research institute has the latest developments in the photovoltaic photovoltaic industry, and has a certain number of scientific research talents in the industry's first echelon.

In Huacan Optoelectronics, the person in charge of the person talked the most is the construction of the scientific research team. Academicians are invited to join and sign a contract with the professor and expert team of 985 University.

Tiantuang Energy 2 -Phase workshop. Make up the method when shooting friends

Crazy polysilicon

But the crisis is obviously not so easy to cross.

This year, the main raw material polysilicon of photovoltaic production was "crazy." "In less than a year, the price of silicon material per kilogram of silicon rose from 80 yuan to 300 yuan." The relevant person in charge of Tianheguangneng revealed that the crazy profit will inevitably lead to the expansion of crazy production capacity.

Industry observers analyze that at least 600,000 tons of polysilicon capacity will be added in 2022. By the end of 2022, the production capacity of silicon material in China will increase from 500,000 tons to 1.1 million tons. This growth curve is also transmitted to the downstream of the industry.

The photovoltaic industry chain is roughly divided into four manufacturing links: silicon material, silicon wafers, battery films and components. The surge in silicon prices to the downstream also brings opportunities and challenges to different aspects of downstream. First of all, the price of silicon material rises is silicon tablets. At present, in addition to the pressure from upstream silicon materials, the high demand of downstream battery expansion is also an important promoter for the price increase of silicon wafers. As the downstream links such as silicon tablets and battery films snatched silicon materials, on the one hand, the price of silicon materials continued to increase the price of silicon materials, and on the other hand, it generated risks to be greater than seeking.

The component link is not so lucky. The cost transfer capacity and profitability of the component link are weak. For companies that do not have a large -scale layout in the upstream silicon material and silicon wafers, they not only cannot enjoy the bonus of upstream prices, but also become a buffer band for silicon prices.

Some people in the industry have analyzed that soon, the photovoltaic industry may fall into the absolute excess capacity, and brutal competition will be launched between new and old enterprises. "It is likely that from the end of 2022 to the beginning of 2023, a malicious price war will occur within the industry, resulting in a sharp decline in prices," said the industry.

As far as Yiwu is concerned, of course, the light does not want the light to be like a light, which is fleeting.

"In recent years, with the strong support of BIPV (integrated photovoltaic building) in the carbon neutralization and the country, Yiwu photovoltaic industry already has more than 100GW production capacity. In terms of introducing investment and rational expansion of production capacity, Yiwu needs to communicate effective communication with various enterprises to avoid emerging The situation of photovoltaic 'Great Leap Forward "leads to a serious excess capacity." Wu Xin believes that the development of new energy in the future is inseparable from energy storage, and optical storage integration will be the general trend.

The "Malaysia" supporting energy storage project, which is multi -headed with the current photovoltaic and power town, may be a useful trick for the sustainable development of Yiwu photovoltaic photovoltaic.

In addition, Wu Xin also suggested that Yiwu can use distributed photovoltaic to install a large number of photovoltaic components on roofs, hillsides, lakes, etc., and its future power generation will greatly improve the original power consumption of Yiwu.

Fortunately, some practices have been laid out in Yiwu and have begun to achieve results. In Suxi Town's Guangyuan Technology Town, more than 10 photovoltaic photovoltaic and upstream and downstream companies have realized the green electric cycle of "generating green power, and green electricity is also used in the production of photovoltaic components". The roof light of these companies grid -connected power generation has a power generation of about 37.62 million kilowatt -hours, which can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 33,000 tons.

The green power cycle of Yiwu Guangyuan Technology Town exceeds 33,000 tons of carbon reduction a year. Make up the method when shooting friends

However, in the face of crisis and doubts, some problems are always unable to go around.

At the critical time of the second rise of China's photovoltaic, the photovoltaic industry chain of Yiwu is compared with the nation's peers, what is the confidence? Is it better quality or lower cost? Or is it winning? What position does Yiwu be in the national and even global photovoltaic industry?

This is a market question, a question from Zhejiang, and a question of people who care about Yiwu around the world. Yiwu photovoltaic people have the responsibility to use their own actions to answer these questions.

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