What changes have changed in the ecosystem of Jiaozhou Bay for more than 20 years?This "medical examination" report is worth seeing!

Based on the long -term observation and research in the past 40 years, Qingdao researchers released the "Health Evaluation Report" in Jiaozhou Bay in 2021, revealing the changes in the ecosystem of Jiaozhou Bay for more than 20 years, and shared the thinking behind some ecological disasters. "Esselete vision" is different from the same answer--

Jiaozhou Bay: New Cognition of Health Status

Outbreaks, jellyfish outbreaks, starfish outbreaks ... In recent years, one after another, one after another in Jiaozhou Bay has followed. When people talk about Jiaozhou Bay again, they can't help but doubt the ecosystem of this bay is constantly deteriorating. And what is the fact?

Researchers at the National Wild Scientific Observation Research Station (hereinafter referred to as "Jiaozhou Bay Station") of Shandong Jiaozhou Bay Marine Ecosystems have long carried out "physical examinations" of Jiaozhou Bay for a long time. Recently, the "2021 Report" of Jiaozhou Bay Station was released. s answer.

Jiaozhou Bay Station Jellyfish Laboratory

In the past 20 years, Jiaozhou Bay's health is stable and rising

The Bay is the area that is most affected by human activities in the ocean and is also the core area of ​​the development of marine economy. Jiaozhou Bay, as the mother's bay of Qingdao, has been carried and witnessed the rapid development of the ocean city of Qingdao. It has also been affected by multiple natural changes and human activities. A series of ecological problems have occurred.

"We can see the ecological disaster that occurred in Jiaozhou Bay, but it is often difficult to detect the causes behind the disaster. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct systematically investigations and research on Jiaozhou Bay, analyze the driver factor behind the changes in the ecosystem, establish an early warning mechanism and prevention and control measures Provide support for the sustainable development of Jiaozhou Bay, "said Sun Xiaoxia, the director of Jiaozhou Bay Station.

Jiaozhou Bay long -term observation station layout map

Jiaozhou Bay Station is the only comprehensive ecosystem of the comprehensive ecosystem of the comprehensive ecosystem in my country's temperate waters in China's temperate waters. Understand what changes have happened in Jiaozhou Bay and clarify what changes are. More importantly, it predicts what changes will happen in the future. It is the mission of Jiaozhou Bay Station. The core of this goal is to obtain long -term observation materials.

"Since the establishment of the station in 1981, Jiaozhou Bay Station has monitored Jiaozhou Bay from time to time. Since 2003, the monitoring frequency has increased to once a month, and the long -term observation stations have stabilized at 14, which basically covers the main ecological area of ​​Jiaozhou Bay. "Sun Xiaoxia introduced that, thanks to long -term comprehensive observation and research, Jiaozhou Bay is the earliest, most, and most thorough bay in China.

At about 10 on the 10th of each month, scientific researchers at Jiaozhou Bay Station boarded the "Innovation" section examination ships to each site for investigation.

In the process of research, scientific researchers at Jiaozhou Bay Station are constantly thinking: What standards should a health state of an ecosystem be measured? In 2019, Based on long -term observation data and data, Jiaozhou Bay Station cooperated with the Australian scientific research team to determine the key environmental impact factors such as the healthy, hydrological, chemistry, and biology of Jiaozhou Bay ecosystems, and established the health evaluation system of Jiaozhou Bay ecosystem. The report of the "Health Ecological System Health Ecosystems of Classic Sea in China" was written as a typical case in China to submit the UN General Assembly to serve the UN 2030 sustainable development goals.

Jiaozhou Bay Station's "2021 Annual Report", based on the health evaluation system of Jiaozhou Bay ecosystem, made the latest health assessment of the Jiaozhou Bay ecosystem. The report compared the data of the Jiaozhou Bay ecosystem since the 1990s, especially in the 1990s. The results of the health assessment believe that since 2003, the health status of Jiaozhou Bay's ecosystem has risen steadily. In 2021, Jiaozhou Bay Health Assessment scored the highest in the past 20 years.

"In the context of global warming, the temperature and water temperature of Jiaozhou Bay are rising, and the amount of precipitation fluctuates greatly. It can be seen that the offshore ecosystem is facing the challenge of climate change." Sun Xiaoxia said, but since 2011, Jiaozhou The quality of the water environment of the bay continues to improve, and the degree of nutritionalization is reduced. It can be said that ecological problems such as nutritional, acidification, and hypoxia are not obvious in Jiaozhou Bay. At the same time, the abundance of floating animals and benthic biology in Jiaozhou Bay has risen in the past 10 years. By comparing the healthy changes in Jiaozhou Bay ecosystems in different periods in the past 20 years, its health level has increased overall.

Important factor to maintain the health of Jiaozhou Bay ecosystem

As a typical bay that integrates urban construction, industrial and agricultural development, biological resources development, and large -scale marine engineering construction. How does Jiaozhou Bay under multiple pressures maintain the health of the ecosystem?

"This first benefits from the good water exchange ability of Jiaozhou Bay." Sun Xiaoxia introduced that like all the bays, Jiaozhou Bay is surrounded by land on three sides of the sea, and the liquidity of sea water inside and outside the bay is often limited. However, Jiaozhou Bay covers an area of ​​about 370 square kilometers, and the average water depth is only about 7 meters. Relatively speaking, the low water depth has greatly improved the ability of Jiaozhou Bay's water body to exchange, thereby enhancing the recovery of its ecosystem.

Some parameters can prove the importance of good water body exchange to the bay, such as dissolving oxygen. Dissolved oxygen is as important as oxygen to humans. Studies have found that most creatures in the bay can live well when the water body dissolves oxygen is higher than 5ppm. The Jiaozhou Bay dissolved oxygen has been higher than 5ppm for nearly 20 years, and has maintained stability above 7.5 PPM since 2006.

Of course, the amount of dissolved oxygen in seawater not only depends on the ability of water body exchange, but also affected by human activities. "Excessive discharge of nitrogen, phosphorus and other land source elements, such as the entry of domestic sewage into the bay, will cause the number of floats in water bodies to increase. If floating plants cannot be fully used by floating animals, and the bay water body exchange is relatively weak. The debris will settle to the bottom of the sea, consume a large amount of oxygen during the decomposition process, leading to hypoxia. "Sun Xiaoxia said that a large number of floating plants will become influential proliferation or gathering Essence From this perspective, the ecology of Jiaozhou Bay is better, in addition to its own reasons, it is highly consistent with Qingdao's series of marine environmental protection measures in Jiaozhou Bay. Through analysis, scientific researchers have divided the environmental evolution of Jiaozhou Bay for nearly a century: before 1980, 1980-2000, and 2000 to the present, Jiaozhou Bay has undergone a period of unpolluted environment-the pollution period-the pollution period- Governance period. Sun Xiaoxia said that since 2000, Qingdao has strengthened the supervision of directly discharged by factory enterprises around Jiaozhou Bay and domestic sewage to the Bay to implement standard discharge, and comprehensive governance of the coastal belt was implemented. The slogan, the implementation of a series of measures such as fishing in summer, has promoted the continuous improvement of the Jiaozhou Bay ecosystem, and the health status is steadily rising.

"It is also impossible to ignore that the existence of a large number of filtering shellfish is also an important factor in maintaining the health of the Jiaozhou Bay ecosystem." Li Xinzheng, a researcher at the Ocean Institute, has long studied the ocean -based ecology. In his opinion, the existence of a large number of Philippine clams , Maintain the stability of the Jiaozhou Bay ecosystem. "Double shell shellfish is an important filter and circulator. According to estimates, the clams in Jiaozhou Bay Philippine Clam farming area can only filter the water body in the summer in only 12 days. 80 days, so these shellfish is of great significance to promote the exchange of water body in Jiaozhou Bay. "Li Xinzheng said that these shellfish breeding production not only forms marine carbon exchange, but also filters with food, filtering a large amount of algae The depression of the excrement is equivalent to transferring nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body to the sediments. After re -circulation, it is re -used for primary production. The long -term observation of Jiaozhou Bay found that sometimes the number of float plants in Jiaozhou Bay is abnormally increased, but it does not cause the red tide disaster. An important reason is the existence of a large number of Philippine clams.

Jiaozhou Bay is healthy but hidden in ecological risks

In recent years, Jiaozhou Bay's health has been steadily rising. At the same time, ecological problems such as red -trend and starfish outbreaks have also been existed. How to understand and understand a series of ecological phenomena that happened in Jiaozhou Bay is a focus of attention from the ocean world.

"The process of human use of the ocean has undergone a transition from the dyeing era to the farming era. Nowadays, people not only rely on wild fishing as food, but also the blue agriculture marked by the seawater breeding industry is rising." According to Chang Sun Song, in the era of wild fishing, it is easy to cause a large reduction in marine biological resources and the damage of marine life, and then lead to changes in the ecosystem and cause ecological disasters. In the era of breeding, blue agriculture will also occur. "Common problems" like land agriculture: Criminal disasters will occur after a long age of crops, and natural disasters will occur in blue agriculture. At the same time, due to the high density of blue agriculture and the connectivity of water bodies in the breeding area, its natural disasters are more susceptible and easy to transfer.

For example, Sun Song said that until 1980 before the reform and opening up, there was only a limited and planned pairing of shrimp and bottom fishing nets in Jiaozhou Bay. With the in -depth development of reform and opening up, the fishing operations in the bay have increased year by year, the horsepower of fishing boats has increased, the fishing net holes are getting smaller and smaller, and the destruction of biological resources and environment in the Bay has increased year by year. Starting to restrict the drag down fishing operations on Jiaozhou Bay. In 1998, all forms of dragging operations were completely prohibited. Biological resources gradually recovered, and the ecological state gradually improved.

"After 2000, the breeding industries such as shellfish in Jiaozhou Bay gradually prosperous. Unavoidable, high -quality food formed by high -density shellfish breeding attracted a large number of starfish (multi -Stranged sea seas) and white mud horse (Jing's shell 蛞蝓). When carnivorous animals migrate and reproduce a large number of breeding areas, coupled with abnormal climate, it will cause disasters like land insects. "Sun Song said that this is a normal natural phenomenon, not the result of ecological deterioration. As long as effective measures are taken in time, it will not cause major disasters.

From the main outbreak of the tide in the 1990s, to the reduction of the outbreaks in recent years, there are almost no jellyfish outbreaks, or the outbreak of the starfish, and the type of ecological disaster in Jiaozhou Bay is changing. On the whole, Jiaozhou Bay's health is stable, but it should be noted that its ecological risks still exist.

Researchers in Jiaozhou Bay have found that compared with the 1990s, the number of jellyfish in Jiaozhou Bay waters has increased by about 20 species in recent years, and the total number has increased by 5 times. This has a certain relationship with Qingdao's series of marine projects in the waters of Jiaozhou Bay, providing jellyfish with an attached habitat environment. "In many bays and sea areas around the world, the number of jellyfish has increased or even outbreak. In addition to the external factors of human activities and climate change, jellyfish itself has a short period of time, high reproductive methods, and high growth rates of high genitals. The important cause of abnormal increases or outbreaks. "Sun Song analyzed that although the increase in Jiaozhou Bay jellyfish did not reach the degree of outbreak, the increase in the biological amount of jellyfish such as jellyfish and other glue will compete with fish and other creatures. It will also take fish's eggs and larvae, which requires a structural transformation of a highly alert ecosystem. Also worthy of attention is that although the large -scale alpine biology of Jiaozhou Bay has recovered in terms of bi quantity and habitat density in recent years, it is mainly a small species with small individuals, just like the miniaturization of fishery resource species in China. Bottom creatures also have a miniaturization trend. "Bottom organisms such as shellfish and reptiles play an important role in the stability and health of the ecosystem. It is necessary to monitor the impact of the structure and quantitative changes in the ecosystem of the Jiaozhou Bay undergone biological community, prevent risks, prevent the ecosystem degenerate and even collapse. "Sun Song said.

Researchers at Jiaozhou Bay Station conducted investigations in Jiaozhou Bay

Strive to create a global model for offshore governance

Why do long -term observations and research on the Jiaozhou Bay ecosystem? From the perspective of scientific researchers at Jiaozhou Bay Station, Jiaozhou Bay is a microcosm of the development of the eastern coast of my country and a typical sea area of ​​my country's offshore ecosystem. Regarding the system research of Jiaozhou Bay, it can "see the offshore of one bay", not only understands the environmental changes and ecosystem status of my country's offshore, but also can promote the research results of Jiaozhou Bay to other offshore ecosystems and promote the damaged ecosystem. Repair and achieve sustainable development of offshore ecosystems.

Sun Xiaoxia introduced that in order to better monitor and evaluate the health status of Jiaozhou Bay, now, they have also established a real -time monitoring system for the marine environment of Jiaozhou Bay. In addition to using scientific test ships to investigate every month, these are fixed in the ocean The monitoring system will monitor the water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll and other parameters of Jiaozhou Bay. They are also building a comprehensive field control experimental platform for the evolution of offshore ecosystems to carry out the research on the evolution of offshore marine ecosystems, controlling the underwriting ecosystem, controlling the research of the breeding ecosystem, and controlling the undercib ecosystem. Understand the evolution of the Jiaozhou Bay ecosystem, carry out research on biological life history such as catastrophe jellyfish, disaster starfish, etc., and lay the foundation for establishing an ecological disaster warning prediction mechanism and prevention and control technology system.

Today, scientific researchers at Jiaozhou Bay Station have demonstrated while studying. Focusing on the goal of healthy ocean and sustainable development, the topics such as "ecological recovery of the ecological recovery of the big leaf altar sea grass bed" and the "new technology research of jellyfish disaster reduction" and other topics, and based on long -term observation, scientific research and technological achievements, around In the aspects of the prevention and control of offshore ecological disasters, seawater breeding and regulation, and ecological restoration, experimental demonstrations were carried out in the waters such as Jiaozhou Bay and Sangou Bay.

Academicians and experts from universities such as Xiamen University, the Institute of Geography and Resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the First Ocean Research Institute of the Ministry of Natural Resources, the Institute of Huanghai Aquatic Aquatic Products of the Chinese Academy of Aquatic Sciences, and the National Ocean Environment Monitoring Center of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment It is affirmed by the work, and it is recommended that Jiaozhou Bay Station continuously promotes the new and develop systems that can expand the health assessment of China's offshore ecosystems, and build Jiaozhou Bay into a mid -latitude blue Bay Demonstration Zone to serve the sustainable development of my country's offshore ecosystem.

"Compared with the domestic bay, the ecological problems of Jiaozhou Bay are not significant; compared with the internationally internationally in the Gulf of Chesongk Gulf, Nala Ganxit Bay, Tokyo Bay, and Brester to the Bay, Jiaozhou Bay has not occurred. Severe nutritional ecological conditions. "Sun Song said that Jiaozhou Bay under multiple pressures can maintain a relatively healthy ecosystem, which has seen hope for the sustainable green development of offshore ecosystems at home and abroad. It is expected that the whole society will pay attention to Jiaozhou Bay, government and other departments to strengthen support for the monitoring and research of Jiaozhou Bay, further play the role of national stations, and make Jiaozhou Bay into a global model to maintain the healthy development of the ecosystem. (Qingdao Daily/Guanhai Journalist Li Xunxiang)

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