Draw the new energy landscape in my country

Under the "double carbon" goal, the curtain of the energy revolution is opening, and related policy documents continue to continue. In May, the "Implementation Plan on Promoting the High -quality Development of New Energy in the New Era" (hereinafter referred to as the "Implementation Plan") was issued; Energy vehicles to go to the countryside; June, the "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" Renewable Energy Development Plan (hereinafter referred to as the Development Plan) was issued.

Promoting the high -quality development of new energy in the new era is an important way to accelerate the construction of a modern energy system, ensure the safety of national energy, and complete the carbon peak carbon neutrality and goals. What is the current new energy layout in my country? Where will the future force?

Development: Continue to promote the construction and development of new energy investment

In recent years, my country has continued to strengthen the construction of major projects in the new energy field. As of the end of 2021, the scale of new energy power generation installed power generation was about 700 million kilowatts, and the scale of installation ranked first in the world, laying a solid foundation for subsequent large -scale, high -proportion, and market -oriented development. What supports this achievement is that my country has formed a relatively complete new energy technology industry system.

In the field of wind power, my country already has a full range of wind turbine manufacturing capabilities with the largest single -machine capacity of 10 MW. More than 90%of the domestic wind power machine uses domestic fans, which is compatible with national conditions, which are compatible with national conditions. It has been widely used, and the localization of large -capacity maritime wind turbines and key components has made significant progress.

In the field of photoelectric, my country is the world's leading level in the highest conversion efficiency of crystal silicon batteries and film batteries. Since 2014, my country has broken the laboratory's photoelectric conversion efficiency record of more than 40 times. In terms of technological level and industrial chain, China's photovoltaic component production has always occupied about 70%of the world's share, and has the right to speak global supply.

In the field of nuclear power, my country has the ability to independently develop a million kilowatt -class three -generation nuclear power. The successful connection of the independent nuclear power brand "Hualong One" marks that my country and the world nuclear power power are in the stage of "running".

The technical level of innovation has greatly reduced the development cost of new energy projects. Compared with 2010, the price of wind turbines decreased by about 50%compared to 2010, and the price of photovoltaic components decreased by about 85%. At present, wind power and photovoltaic power generation have the ability to compete with conventional thermal e -rating. From the "14th Five -Year Plan", China's new wind power and photovoltaic power generation projects will be fully entered into the era of "affordable Internet access" without subsidy.

On the basis of the fruitful results, my country is still in an orderly manner to continue to promote the construction of new energy base clusters. The "Development Plan" clearly proposes to accelerate the construction of new energy bases on the seven continents such as the upper reaches of the Yellow River and the Hexi Corridor; focusing on the construction of the Shandong Peninsula, Yangtze River Delta, Southern Fujian, East of Guangdong, and Beibu Gulf Cluster, etc.

In order to promote a wider layout of new energy sources, the "Implementation Plan" requires that local governments will encourage local governments to increase their efforts to support farmers' use of their own building roof construction households for photovoltaics; New energy projects such as wind power; by 2025, public institutions will build new building roof light coverage rates to reach 50%. In the future, new energy power "spontaneous use and balance access to the Internet" will become the norm.

The boom of new energy investment continues, one of which is to complete the "2025 non -fossil energy consumption in 2025" in the "Carbon Dafeng Action Plan" issued by the State Council in October last year, and it reached 25%in 2030 in 2030 Related goals of the left and right ". With this support, the "Development Plan" also proposed the goal of "the total amount of renewable energy consumption reached 1 billion tons of standard coal in 2025" and the "annual power generation of renewable energy in 2025 reached 3.3 trillion kWh".

The current policy dividend of new energy construction is still released. Compared with traditional energy, new energy energy density is low and there are many land resources required. In response to this, the "Implementation Plan" further strengthened the use of sea protection for new energy development land, and promoted measures to solve the restriction of the new energy industry by clarifying measures for land use management policies, standardizing taxes and fees, improving the utilization rate of space resources, and promoting ecological restoration new energy projects. Development of land.

Conditioning end: Multiple measures to crack the new energy power consumption difficulty

However, as mentioned in the "Implementation Plan", the current new energy development and utilization of my country's new energy system still exists in the insufficient constraints of power systems on large -scale and high -proportion new energy networks and consumption.

Many of my country's hydropower, wind power, and photovoltaic power generation areas are far away from electricity consumption centers. The area where the clean energy is located and the power consumption load area is basically reversed, which makes the power supply provinces in the northwestern region that are rich in power. Considering that the growth rate of electricity loads in the western provinces and regions in the western region in the next few years, the scale of new energy installed capacity will grow rapidly, and the problem of insufficient elimination capacity will continue to exist.

Visitors are photographed by Yang Wenbin, a wind farm in Longli Prairie, Longli County, Guizhou Province

It is necessary to transport a large amount of cleaning electricity from thousands of kilometers to the center of electricity load. At present, my country has fully mastered UHV transmission technology, and has matured in terms of flexible DC and multi -end DC. In 2020, the world's first high-voltage project that specializes in cleaning energy-± 800 kV Qinghai-Henan UHV DC project was put into operation. The project can send 40 billion kWh's clean power from 1,600 kilometers to the Central Plains every year.

Another shortcoming of new energy power generation is randomness and volatility than traditional thermal power. Traditional power grids follow the principle of "source with the lotus". When there is a lot of electricity demand, the coal -fired unit of traditional power plants can solve the problem. However, the characteristics of "extremely heat and windlessness and light at night" make the "green power" such as wind power and photoelectric do not work like armal power, and the risk of stable supply is high.

Strengthening energy storage construction is an important means to improve power supply and demand and promote new energy consumption. In March of this year, the "Fourteen Five -Year Plan" New Energy Storage Development Implementation Plan "proposed that by 2025, the new type of energy storage will enter the stage of large -scale commercialization from the initial stage of commercialization, and it has the conditions for large -scale commercialization. By 2030, the development of new energy storage is fully market -oriented.

The development of a new type of power system is also an important part of cracking the "green power" to eliminate difficulties. The traditional power system is based on fossil energy as the main body to create a planning and design concept and scheduling operation rules. The new power system must adapt to the trend of continuous improvement of the proportion of new energy to achieve the integration Safety and intelligence, flexible and efficient and other requirements.

For a simple example, photovoltaic power generation is very strong in the daytime, and it will not work at night. The wind power is exactly the opposite, because the wind is large at night. However, whether wind power or photovoltaic, the power consumption is insufficient during the late peak of electricity at 18 to 20. This requires a temporary top of the thermal crew. In this way, the power system must face the situation of accepting and deploying a variety of power energy at the same time.

Building a new type of power system that adapts to the proportion of new energy accounting is a complex and long -term process, and it is still in the exploration stage. In response to this, relevant departments have made systematic arrangements in planning concepts, hardware facilities configuration, operation methods, and institutional mechanism innovation. The "Implementation Plan" also put forward clear requirements, including comprehensively improving the power system to regulate the ability and flexibility, focus on improving the ability of distributed new energy to accept distributed new energy, and steadily promote new energy to participate in power market transactions.

Source: "Half Moon Talk", No. 12, 2022

Reporter half a month: Xu Ning

Responsible editor: Guo Yanhui

School pair: Qin Daixin

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