"No" to the alienated work

(Picture source: Tuwa.com)

Gao Xinyuan/Wen

"Glory of Labor" has been considered one of the basic requirements of socialist construction. However, recently, the questioning of work has become increasingly louder. "Culture. In fact, the questioning of the workers' work is more accurate is the question of the phenomenon of deformity.

The 16 articles included by Xu Zhiwei and Wang Xingkun's "Post -Work" theory for more than a century, sorting out various questions about labor and work issues since the mid -to -late 19th century. Generally speaking, these articles continue to continue There are three questions about questioning. What is the current job? The essence of these issues is the exploration of work rationalized.

one

In order to answer the above three questions, the editor divided 16 articles into four series. From the beginning of the question of leisure questions, through the excavation of anthropology, determining the rationality of idleness, and combined with the labor of contemporary Italian autonomous Marxism labor of the contemporary Italian autonomous Marxism. Rejecting thoughts, finally setting the end point in the outlook of the post -work society.

The criticism of work is first based on the alienation of work. For this reason, the four articles included in this book are mainly cut in from the perspective of anti -work ethics. The boss asked the staff to upload the real -time electricity screenshot of the mobile phone before get off work, and the circle of employees' circle of friends complained that the salary was fired by the boss ... The origin of the labor in Marx was a means to promote self -development. Those who were forced to invent all kinds of "touching fish" philosophy. The negative idleness seems to be resisting. In fact, it is only a delay in production. It does not take an absolute rejection of alienated work.

In this series, the emphasis on the "laziness of laziness" in La Fager actually involves a major difference between capitalism and socialism or communism. Whether the current work attaches great importance to labor or the emphasis on labor. The operation of capital can be called a computing process. Both British classical political economics and Marx political economics can see the calculation of the capital in the process of production. It is simply labor, but in the fine calculation of people into the fine calculation of cost, profits, and damage after incorporating labor, and the development of labor cannot be reflected in the process of people. On the contrary, there is a demand for less work and better work in the socialist society itself. In Marx's idea, labor is a constant factors, "laziness rights" and the so -called work of William Morris. The distinction between toil reflects the criticism of work alienation. Only by putting down the alienation work in your hand can we pursue self -improvement.

The rejection of work has given people a lot of leisure time, and both China and foreign countries are popular against leisure. China's "non -workers must not eat" and the Western Garden of Eden Central Asia Eve must be sweated to get food. This is similar. Leisure seems to be a sin, but in the theory of "Post -Work", the editor chose articles between Karl Polandi and Marshall Salle. They emphasized that in the society of the primitive tribe, although the richness of material is far less than that of modern people, they are not like modern people and work overtime for more than 12 hours a day. Even as Jonathan Clarley said, the current workers have lost their sleep and become a production machine that is seven days a week and 24 hours a day. People in the primitive society only account for less than one -third of the day of hunting. It is shorter than the "eight -hour work system" that is difficult to get than modern people, but it is enough to support itself and has a lot of leisure time. In the case of modern people's work day and night, it is difficult to solve their livelihood.

The views of these scholars are interesting and amazing, which indicates that leisure is not a sin. The work itself is the work itself. When modern society machines continue to absorb labor in order to maintain operation, they are constantly creating jobs. What the post is assigned is some "shit work", which is not only useless, but is harmful. In the work of shit, the rules are like a phantom. When people are entangled with shit work, they lose their leisure. The walking dead body that loses happiness and creativity is the most docile pet for capital and power. David Graber's "shit work" also explained from the opposite side: it is a thorough leisure instead of a small "touch fish". The delay is the real resistance to alien labor.

"Post -Work" theory "

Xu Zhiwei Wang Xingkun /Editor

Wang Xingkun et al.

Six points of books /East China Normal University Press

January 2022

two

Compared with the criticism of the predecessors' alienation work, the 1960s were a period of overwhelming. In the next ten years, the criticism of the aggressive left -wing work on work has adopted an unscrupulous thorough and decisive attitude. During the period, the "May Storm" broke out in France. Debo and others shouted "never work", but autonomous Marxists such as Italy, Nigri, and other autonomous Marxists are also thinking about the relevant ideas of refusing to work. To a higher level.

In the past, what people refused only to work alienation, but in the perspective of autonomous theories, only the full rejection of work can get rid of the ideological impact of work. The focus of the autonomous theory will not focus on the work of work or labor to create value. Instead, it is in the process of how value to guide labor practice. As a result, the union parade of the West has become one. This joke has become a calf agent that allows restless workers to return to the post. All measures to improve the working environment and treatment are the tricks of capital. Refusing to work is to refuse this society to treat the work as the center of social operations as the center of social operations. In the link, people no longer regard work as the center of personal life, and the door to pursuing diversification of life will open. In other words, the rejection of the autonomousist is not as required to liberate the work as in the past social actors and theorists, but is liberated from work. It should be clear that the ideas of the autonomous theorist were not possible in the context at that time. As a political proposition, an important direction after refusing to work is to actively participate in political life, but the liberation of politics from work is also caught in another cage. The real solution is still the change of the fundamental system of society. The final point of this book is placed on the possibility of "post -work". Although the viewers' opinions are somewhat unrealistic, the era of "post -work" is indeed slowly approaching people. Of course, some people may refute, more fulfilling employment and more flexible working hours. These have been realized at present. This is the case of "zero worker economy". Ascending, these people usually get higher income.

Indeed, it is undeniable that this kind of "zero -labor economy" is indeed a new economic type that produces with the development of the Internet. However, the Internet is not a novelty. Platform capitalism still exists to them. The quantitative indicators such as grabbing the single speed still squeeze the workers, and the society still cannot be viewed in general in the society. Often, a master's or doctoral takeaway distributor is exclaimed by people. And the guarantee work has not been fully realized.

The "post -work" theory believes that work will eventually go to death, but this is fundamentally different from Nigri's appeal in Italy, because under the socialist system, the employment labor system is the product of a specific historical period. With the development of social development, it will develop with the development of social development. And dying, but work will not be. Marx opposes hiring labor, but does not oppose the work itself, and the loss of employment jobs will become a way for people to improve themselves, rather than in exchange for living. Therefore, if the work of "post -work" society can be in the direction of Marx's direction, Going forward, maybe it is no longer a night.

At this point, the theory of "Post -Work" has answered the three questions mentioned at the beginning. Our era is an era of surrounding work, and alienated work is deprived of the happiness of the workers. In this case, it will not have the role of accomplishment. For this reason, we must first emphasize the justice of non -work, say "no" to the current work system, and further, in the process of incorporating this kind of non -work into the process of pursuing work, there is only a more secure work. In order to achieve the positive promotion of work on people, the level of Marx's so -called "eliminating work" is achieved. The selection of the "post -work theory" shows that better work and fewer jobs do not conflict. The future of "post -work" is a reasonable future that people can imagine.

- END -