How difficult is the town as a questioner?

"Some people who compiled the ordinary people's congresses are here. These towns are conducting titles in training classes every day. They do real questions, and they still do n’t get the test of them that can bring them a sense of security. When a big money star, when you have to divide the internal identity in the preparation, you always feel grabbing your own pit. "

Almost one side, the public expressed the anger of this ridiculous text, and the discussion of "Town as a questioner" also became a hot topic again.

In 2020, in Douban's "985 Waste Introduction Plan" group, the term "Town as a questioner" was born almost at the same time as the college entrance examination. Initially, the word refers to the young people who were admitted to key universities such as 985, 211, and leaving the "small place" to the small town of town in big cities. More often, it brought a self -deprecating spirit of a small town.

In addition to being admitted to the small town of key universities, more children did not admit to key universities, and they could only choose a college and two or three books. They were trapped in the sea day after day as other peers, and gradually gradually became trapped in the sea. Land, the scope of the town is not limited to "98five".

Like many people, I wrote this tweet today, and I am also a town in the county as a questioner. We were born in provinces with less economically developed economies. They did not study in the best schools in the provincial capital, but we also got the college entrance coupon with the college entrance examination. The moment we entered the university, we found that other students were very different from our lives. Upgrade the route.

When you think that the college entrance examination is looking at the score, you find that there are always some students around you who have other channels to go to college, and some have enrolled students through specialty, such as playing well and can pull the violin; some pass the competition, and your county seat is There are no competition classes in high school; some have passed independent enrollment, but the number of autonomous enrollment in major universities is often only distributed to several super middle schools in the province; others have participated in the innovation competition and won the prize ... These college entrance examinations have been taken ... The way of the way is unheard of most of the young people in the town. What you can do is just brush the questions and do your best to change your destiny with the greatest efforts.

After entering the society, it is obvious that finding a good job is more cruel than the college entrance examination.

01

Realize elite production through education

More than ten years ago, if "the college entrance examination is an important way for ordinary people to flow upward", most people will agree, and now more and more people are doubtful about this.

On July 5th, at a press conference organized by the Ministry of Education, Lu Yugang, director of the Department of Basic Education of the Ministry of Education, said that the current county in the county accounted for more than half of the total number of ordinary high schools in the country, and nearly 60%of ordinary high school students were in the country. Study in the county.

The parents of the township town will send their children to the best local schools, even super middle schools within the scope of ability. Every year, Super Middle School will not only take a large number of high -quality candidates, but also take away the high -quality quality of the county seat. Teachers. The children who stay in the county seat can be imagined that the scarce educational resources will not only affect the further studies, but also affect the future job hunting.

Scholar Lauren A. Rivera revealed a cruel fact in "Born: Unknowing Selection and Elite Copy of Elite": Economic privileges passed from the first generation to the next generation to adopt more indirect indirect indirectly The method is to a large extent through the education system.

In the United States, more than half of the students from top business schools and law schools from the top 10%of their revenue in the country; in China, key colleges and universities also present similar characteristics. By 2000, it fell to 17.6%. In 2020, under the influence of a series of policies, this number returned to 20.2%.

Children who enjoy more high -quality educational resources, the chance of entering key universities is far greater than young people in the town, and the forms are more diverse. Take Shanghai in 2021 as an example. Of the 132 students who were submitted to 17 universities including Qingbei Reinstallation, only There are 95 people in the upper and outer middle schools.

Studies have shown that parents who have received higher education and high income will pass the important economic, social and cultural advantages to the next generation to achieve elite reproduction.

A wealthy family will invest more education costs for children, such as buying a good school district house, private school, and various counseling classes. These inputs will be added to the children in the future; Not to worry about tuition and living expenses, and can use their energy on academics or social relationships, and establish valuable social relations. After entering the society, the parents' social relationship network can also escort them.

In addition, there is the impact of cultural resources -knowledge framework, conceptual framework, interpretation framework, and behavioral framework. Such resources are actually not visible to the naked eye, and people usually cannot realize that they are the mechanism of inequality.

Economic status determines the difference between people's view of the world and the difference in life. When the material is scarce, people usually take survival as the first choice. It is the best for practical and effective results. People who are in a rich privilege class are usually not easy to obtain and abstract. , Money and energy. For the most intuitive example, when looking for a job, the rich privilege class pays more attention to the satisfaction and fun in the work process, and the working class pays more attention to salary and stability.

This difference will guide individuals to the same society, education and career trajectory as their parents, which causes the class to re -produce. The son of the workers is a worker, and the son of the rich is still the rich. French sociologist Burdiehe, who proposed the theory of cultural reproduction, wrote: "For some people, learning elite culture is a successful price; for some people, this is just a inheritance. "

The cultural symbols of different classes also affect people's judgment on a person, such as the rich suit of the rich and the ordinary clothes of the poor, which can intuitively reflect the economic status of a person, and people are more inclined to believe in the high social class People are more capable, more trustworthy, and more popular than those of low -class people. High economic status also controls the gatekeeper in society and is a maker in the rules of the game. In any case, they can always find a way to manipulate their standards.

Compared with the town, children who have high economic status are more good at expressing and confident. Teachers will also bet on them more energy. The name "Town as a questioner" also shows the tranquility and frustration that the town youth cannot integrate in culture and psychology in terms of culture and psychology.

02

Good birth = good job

Sociologists distinguish between two methods of allocating high status job opportunities: in the Contest system, competition is open to everyone, and whether success depends on the ability of individuals; At present, the elites who occupy the important positions directly select the winner or choose through a third party. This method is often used in the top work areas.

In most recruitment, it seems that everyone can queue up to get opportunities. In essence, only talents who have obtained elite institutions (key universities) or elite personal recommendations are allowed to enter the venue. The moment the resume was delivered, job seekers have begun to enter an unqualified arena, and the advantages and disadvantages brought by different economic classes will begin to appear.

Each year's autumn recruitment and spring recruitment, major enterprises will give preaching in colleges and universities. Different enterprises focus on universities that preach. In colleges and universities, 211 and 985 only account for more than 100 seats, and most schools will not be assigned to the category of preaching. Lawyers, finance and other industries, as well as obvious school contempt chains.

For enterprises, the reduction of applicants to the only schools is an effective means to save manpower and time costs. Even if there are many excellent job seekers in other schools, the company will not spend energy to go to those schools to do it. Preach. On the other hand, the reason why companies choose famous school graduates who do not have work experience are because their diploma can prove the potential value of the company.

Except for school recruitment, the recruitment of job seekers from non -prestigious schools faced by major enterprises is just a false door. The resume you submitted into the resume pool. When the human resources are screened, the school will still use the school as the screening condition. Essence Compared to screening in the resume pool, they are more willing to believe in private recommendations. If they have good social resources, sometimes they are used in the internal and inside to throw dozens of resumes, but often these private relationships are bundled with economic status.

In "Birth", Riverla interviewed a job seeker, saying, "I can't let the company ignore me ... I transfer to Harvard because I know it can help me open the door of the workplace." In the United States, in the United States, in the United States, in the United States, in the United States, in the United States, in the United States, From the 1980s to the 1990s, parents' income doubled on the positive impact of children entering prestigious schools and has been increasing.

Among the prestigious students, many students have a high economic status. At the same time, they also have valuable private relationships. The town in the famous school is still able to enter the top industries. For other towns, it is a lot of nightfall for other towns.

03

Is there still a way to do the town?

Huang Lan wrote such a paragraph in "My Two Students": "According to my observation, in the level of Chinese universities, different levels of universities will correspond to different cities. The best cities; key universities correspond to first -tier cities and provincial capitals; general universities correspond to small and medium -sized cities, townships, and even villages. One layer, first level, like magnets adsorb their own hidden square arrays, crisp and neat, and they are crisp and neat, and they are crisp and neat, and they are crisp and neat, and they are crisp and neat. Nothing accidents happened. "

In 2000, the "inverted diced type", the proportion and quantity of the middle and lower layers of society, the proportion of workers, farmers, and migrant workers accounted for too much proportion of social groups, the middle layer was weak, and the middle class was obviously missing. , Farmers have decreased significantly, flowing to other classes of society, the base of the peasant layer is still large. (Figure Yuan Liqiang "How far is China from an olive society -about the sociological analysis of the development of the middle class")

But there is no doubt that education is still an important way to flow upward. It is generally believed that the development and growth of the middle class and the formation of olive society are a healthy social form. The fifth and sixth census also shows the trend of population flowing up. Academic qualifications are obtained.

In the sound of "collapse in the county", we saw a encouraging special case. This year, the champion of the liberal arts champion of Jiangxi Province, from the county high school from Tonggu County, Yichun City. pregnancy.

天 The special manuscript "A college entrance examination champion, and self -rescue in a county" published yesterday describes the dilemma of this county high school: in 2003, 5 Qingbei students can be produced. It wasn't until this year that there was a Xu Yan, although she was still leading the faults, although compared with her classmates.

In addition to education, employment is another way to flow upward. In the book "Born", the author exposes the same way of employment and education, and is becoming the path of self -replication and reinvention of the American elite group. There is no example without a "counterattack".

In China, the relatively fair college entrance examinations and examinations, especially the public's nerves, the town as a questioner, and behind the five words are ordinary people who are diligent and hardworking.

In the current unlikely job search environment, turning to the Kaogong seems to be the most secure way -as long as it meets some hard standards, you can sign up for the exam. At this moment, there is no famous school blessing, no social relationship behind it. Everyone is determined by a test papers.

For the town to do the topic, Kao Gong is not only a stable job, but also a few hopes that can flow upward. This is why the procedural justice behind the hotspot is pursuing a hot spot. If the balance tends to the side of a few people, it means that the upward channel is blocked.

As Li Qiang, a professor of sociology at Tsinghua University, said: "A fair and just society should be a society full of opportunities. It should provide channels for members of society to provide a channel for rising status through competition. Anyone can just have a chance to rise."

refer to

[Mei] Lauren A. River "Born: Unrest Selection and Elite Self -Copy"

Li Qiang's "How far is China from an olive society -the sociological analysis of the development of the middle class"

Character "A College Entrance Examination Championship, Self -Rescue in a County"

Written the source of Xiong Mur's picture source "Genius Gunner"

"Seven Years of Life", "From Miyamoto to You"

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