Let go of employment discrimination such as restrictions on urban settlements and eliminating gender!The Development and Reform Commission issued a voice, and the urbanization of urbanization in the next five years

On July 12, the Development and Reform Commission issued the "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" Implementation Plan (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan").

The "Plan" is ensured that by accelerating the citizenship of agricultural transfer, optimizing the layout and form of urbanization, promoting new urban construction, improving the level of urban governance, and promoting the development of urban and rural integration. Increasing, the urbanization rate of household registration has increased significantly, and the urbanization rate of household registration population and urbanization rate of resident population have been significantly reduced.

"Putting people's urbanization in the most important and core position"

Wei Houkai, director of the Rural Development Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, has publicly stated that one aspect of high -quality urbanization in the future is to accelerate the citizenization of agricultural transfer population and "promote the simultaneous synchronization of civicization and urbanization, that is, the agricultural transfer population is moved into urban and towns. At the same time, you can enjoy the treatment of citizens comprehensively. The road of new urbanization with high quality must be placed on the most important and core position of people's urbanization. "

The "Plan" pointed out that we must adhere to the primary task of promoting the citizen of agricultural transfer as a new type of urbanization. In terms of labor and labor rights protection, related supporting policies, etc., various obstacles to the citizenship of agricultural transfer population have been eliminated.

Specifically, the "Plan" stated that it is necessary to let go of the restrictions on the settlement of the settlement except for individual large cities, and the agricultural transfer of agricultural transfer of stable employment and living in urban and towns according to local conditions to enter the city and settle in the city. 2. Perform the equivalent obligations-such as the restrictions on the settlement of cities with a resident population of less than 3 million in the urban area, comprehensively relaxing the population of large cities with a resident population of 3-5 million in the urban area, and encouraging large cities with more than 5 million resident population in urban areas to cancel the year Settlement quota restrictions, etc.

In terms of improving the mechanism of providing the basic public service provision of urban and towns, the "Plan" proposes to establish a mechanism to establish basic public services with the permanent population and supply from the place of permanent residence to explore the implementation of electronic residence permits; for people's livelihood issues such as education and social security, 》 There are also clear measures: the public schools are mainly included in the scope of the compulsory education guarantee of the relocated children in the place of compulsory, and the number of teachers' preparation quotas is adjusted according to the population flow, and the degree supply of the population in the compulsory education stage of the urban compulsory education will be increased. Real basic medical insurance city -level coordinating and promoting provincial -level overall planning, gradually letting and relaxing residents' household registration restrictions on social insurance at permanent residence or employment.

Yang Chang, the head of the policy group and chief analyst of the China -Thailand Securities Research Institute, believes that one of the highlights of the "Plan" is to strengthen the labor skills of the agricultural transfer population. The "Plan" pointed out that to improve the quality of labor skills of agricultural transfer, to focus on industries and new formats with outstanding contradictions in employment, continuously carry out professional skills training for new generation of migrant workers, etc., and explores through social security cards as eligible migrant workers. Release electronic training vouchers.

"This policy and measures are conducive to promoting the progress of two aspects. On the one hand, the labor shortage caused by the continuous changes in the industrial form, accelerate the changes in the needs of rural transfer of population adaptation; on the other hand, it is conducive to promoting the development of vocational education and further promotion The improvement of the overall industrial system of vocational education, Yang Chang said.

In addition, the "Plan" also emphasizes the need to strengthen the protection of the labor rights and interests of migrant workers, and gradually eliminate unreasonable restrictions or employment discrimination that affects equal employment in gender, household registration, and identity, and establish a guarantee mechanism for labor rights and interests of new employment.

In terms of supporting policies, the central government and provincial finances should support regions with many regions that have absorbed cross -provincial and cross -regional agricultural transfer population. The preparation and revision of the planning of land and space at all levels fully considers the size of the population scale, especially the number of people entering the city, and reasonably arrange the scale of new construction land in cities and towns.

Cultivate a modern urban circle in an orderly manner and promote over -large cities to lose weight

The regional pattern of my country's economy has generally undergone various forms such as "East, Middle and West", "Urban Group", and "Metropolis Circle". The bearing capacity is in line with my country's resources and environmental conditions and the trend of population and economic changes. At the same time, policy measures should be increased, the population economy is reasonably distributed between cities, and the coordinated development of large, small, small cities and small towns should be promoted. "

In this regard, the "Plan" proposes to classify the development of urban agglomerations. In -depth implementation of the coordinated development of Beijing -Tianjin -Hebei, the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta, and the construction of the Guangdong -Hong Kong -Macao Greater Bay Area construction, actively promote the construction of the Shuangcheng Economic Circle in Chengdu -Chongqing area, and implement the "14th Five -Year Plan of the Yangtze River Middle Fives and Beibu Gulf and other urban agglomerations. "Implementation plan promotes the development of urban agglomerations such as the Shandong Peninsula, the coast of Guangdong, Zhejiang, Zhejiang, Zhejiang, and Central Plains, and Guanzhong Plain, and strengthen the radiation of urban agglomerations for the development of special types of surrounding special types.

The second is to cultivate a modern urban circle in an orderly manner. Establish and improve the promotion mechanism of provincial -level overall planning, central cities, and surrounding cities to improve the connection and convenience of transportation of transportation in the urban circle, guide the industry from the center to the peripheral step distribution, reasonable division of labor, and chain, encourage the urban circle social security and Settled points mutual recognition.

Yang Chang believes that the "urban agglomeration" emphasizes a simple combination between cities, and observes the current development practice. The overall perspective, overall planning and integration, can better meet the needs of the current economic development of the region. For cities of different sizes, the "Plan" also proposes different task measures.

The large -scale cities must change the development mode, coordinate the diversified needs of economic, life, ecology, and security, scientifically determine the scale of urban and development, reasonably control the density of the population, and orderly solve the function, facilities, and excessive concentrated public service resources of the central urban area.

Great and medium cities should improve functional quality. Promote the differentiated positioning of the manufacturing industry, the development of large -scale clustering, improve the external traffic channels and facilities, support the layout of third -level hospitals and colleges and universities in large and medium -sized cities, increase the supply of cultural and sports resources, and improve the quality of urban life.

Small cities should enhance development vitality. Cultivate and develop characteristic and advantageous industries in small cities, and continue to optimize the supply of public services. Support the development of resource -exhausted cities to continue to replace the industry according to local conditions, strengthen people's livelihood protection and assistance assistance.

At the same time, the urbanization construction with county seats as an important carrier. Choose a batch of good conditions for the development of counties with good conditions, promote the quality and efficiency of supporting facilities in the county's industrial industrial industrial, upgrade of municipal public facilities, the expansion of public service facilities, and the expansion of environmental infrastructure, and the county's rural function connection. Category to guide the development of small towns and optimize the town layout of border areas.

People ’s cities are built, people’ s cities are the people

At the end of 2020, the urbanization rate of the permanent population in the country reached 63.89%, and the urbanization rate of the household registration population increased to 45.4%. At present, the population living in cities and towns has reached more than 900 million. Increased, therefore, the people's city people are built, the people's cities are the people, and the urban development mode is needed.

Specifically, build a new type of city:

The first is to increase the supply of inclusive and convenient public services. Optimize community comprehensive service facilities and build a cities for a minute of people.

The second is to improve municipal public facilities. Optimize the layout of the bus subway station line, improve the "last mile" public transport network, improve the parking facility system, and promote the construction of underground pipe networks such as hydropower and electricity.

The third is to improve the urban housing system. Adhere to the positioning of the house for living, not for speculation, and focus on solving the difficulties of group housing difficulties such as new citizens and young people who meet the conditions.

The fourth is to promote urban renewal and transformation in an orderly manner. The focus of promoting the transformation of the "three districts and one village" such as old communities, old factories, old districts, and urban villages.

Fifth, enhance disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities. Establish a public health prevention and control system, increase the efforts of waterlogging, and promote the renewal and transformation of the pipeline network and the construction of underground pipe galleries.

Sixth, enhance innovation and entrepreneurship. Strengthen innovation functions such as national independent innovation demonstration zones, high -tech industrial development zones, and economic and technological development zones, promote the growth, gathering and exerting role of innovative application -oriented talents, and optimize the business environment.

Seventh, to promote intelligent transformation. Promote urban data one network universal, urban operations one network management, government service one Netcom Office, and public services.

Eighth is to strengthen ecological repair and environmental protection. Improve the quality and stability of the ecosystem, actively treat pollution such as water, atmosphere, domestic garbage, and hazardous waste, and promote the production of low carbonization of production.

Nine is to promote historical and cultural inheritance and humanities. Protect continuation of the historical context of urban history and promote the integration of cultural tourism.

Modernization of urban governance system and governance capabilities

"To promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities, we must do a good job of modernization of urban governance systems and governance capabilities." The Development and Reform Commission pointed out that in this regard, the "Plan" proposes five aspects of task measures:

The first is to optimize the urban space pattern and architectural style. Determine the implementation of cultivated land and permanent basic farmland, ecological protection red line and urban development border, optimize urban space layout, industrial structure and population scale according to the capacity of water resources, optimize the layout of functional space such as residence, industry, commercial, transportation, ecology, etc., and strengthen cities Style shaping and control.

The second is to improve the efficiency of construction land. Implement the increase in incremental arrangements to the digestive stock, strictly control the scale of new construction land, and promote the re -development of inefficient land. Promote the "standard land" transfer reform and promote the reasonable conversion of the types of land in different industries. Promote the development (TOD) model -oriented development (TOD) model to create a city -city integration complex.

The third is to improve the level of street community governance services. Adhere to the party's comprehensive leadership of grass -roots governance, improve grid management services, promote the standardization of community services, and strengthen the construction of social work professionals. By 2025, the permanent population per 10,000 cities and towns will basically have 18 community workers to improve property service coverage Rate.

The fourth is to improve the comprehensive governance mechanism of social contradictions. Adhere to and develop the "Maple Bridge Experience" in the new era, unblock and standardize the demands of the masses, coordinate interests, and rights protection channels, and promote the construction of a social security prevention and control system.

The fifth is to optimize the allocation of administrative resource allocation and zoning settings. Scientific equipment and dynamic adjustment personnel preparation, priority to meet the needs of social management, public services and other fields. Strictly control the withdrawal of counties and cities, and improve the standards for town and street setting.

Sixth, improve the investment and financing mechanism. Consolidate the position of enterprise investment, relax and live social investment, optimize the structure of financial capital expenditure, and promote the government investment to focus on the market that the market cannot effectively allocate resources and require the government's support guidance to public welfare projects. Guide social funds to participate in urban development and construction and operation. Prevent and resolve the risk of urban debt. In a new stage of urban and rural development, the second round of land contracting expires for another 30 years

"In the new development stage, the development stage of urban and rural areas is to enter a stage of urban and rural integration, and change from the stage of the rapid urbanization development of our past one -way rapid urban -rural integration ... In the future, the development of development must be noticed in the future. "Liu Shouying, a professor, party secretary and dean of the School of Economics, Renmin University of China, previously said.

According to data from the Development and Reform Commission, even if my country basically realizes urbanization, there will still be about 400 million people living in the countryside. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the urban and rural integration development system and mechanism and policy system, adhere to the work of supplementing agriculture, urban and rural areas, and county areas as counties as the county. Basic units and national urban and rural integration development pilot zones are the breakthroughs, promote the free flow of urban and rural factors and rational allocation of public resources, and gradually reduce the gap between urban and rural development and the living standards of residents.

In this regard, the "Plan" is clearly clear that the reform of the rural land system must be steadily promoted. After the implementation of the second round of land contracting, it will be extended to 30 years after the expiration of the land contract, and improves the ownership of rural contracting land, contracting rights, and the distribution system of operating rights.

Secondly, the diversified financing channels for rural construction must be developed. Encourage financial and development policy financial institutions at all levels to support the integration of urban and rural areas, and gradually increase the income of local land transfer to agriculture and rural areas.

At the same time, it is necessary to guide urban talents to enter the countryside, promote the planning and design of urban and rural areas, strengthen basic public services to provide county rural coordination, promote the coordinated development of urban and rural industries, and increase farmers' income in multi -channel channels.

Responsible editor: Luo Xiaoxia

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