Heroes of the "Unveil List" of scientific research do not ask the source

China Well -off Network Exclusive Specialty

Text | "Well -off" · China Well -off reporter Zhao Dina

Behind the determination to "unveil the list" is frequently named, it is a firm state determination: to do everything possible to make innovation capabilities. Picture/TUCHONG

The proposal of the "unveiled list" mechanism has provided a fundamental compliance for our country to focus on key core technologies and break through the "card neck" problem, and to establish a system and mechanism that chooses to be able to stand out.

The "unveiling the list", also known as the science and technology reward system, is a kind of non -cyclical scientific research funding for government organizations to open scientific and technological innovation results to the whole society. In recent years, in the face of the urgent needs of breaking through the bottleneck of the "stuck neck", Guizhou, Jiangsu, Shandong, Anhui and other places have successively launched the "unveiling of the list" system of science and technology research, gathered the wisdom and exchange of power, and activated innovative momentum.

The "Fourteenth Five -Year Planning of the National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China and the Outline of the 2035 Far View Outline" proposed that "the establishment of major scientific and technological projects and organizational management methods, giving scientific research units and research personnel more autonomy, and implementing the general technology general The teacher is responsible for the system, implements the "unveiled list," and other systems such as the horse racing, and sound support mechanisms that combine the awards. "As a result, the" unveil the list "system officially explores from local exploration to the top -level design at the national level, targeting the most urgent scientific research research The problem, in the form of open innovation, mobilize the intellectual potential of all sectors of society to the greatest extent, and find a practical solution at the fastest speed.

Gradually consolidate the foundation of "unveiling the list"

Scientific and technological innovation is the first driving force for national development. In recent years, my country's scientific and technological strength and innovation capabilities have been comprehensively improved, but there is still a large gap compared with developed countries, especially core technologies such as aviation engines and high -performance chips are still subject to people.

Through the "unveiling the list", the project can be handed over to the people who really want to be officers, capable officers, and doing things. They have the characteristics of no matter qualifications, no thresholds, selection of sage, and seeking practical results.

At the level of the central ministries and commissions, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology made an early attempt to "unveil the list". In November 2018, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the "Work Plan for the Unveiling of the New Generation of Artificial Intelligence Industry Innovation Mission", which determined the intelligent connected cars, intelligent service robots, intelligent drones, neural network chips, open source and open platforms, smart manufacturing key technology and equipment Waiting for the 17 unveiling directions, each unveiling direction involves multiple segments, and clearly engaged in related enterprises, universities, scientific research institutes and other legal enthusiast units that engage in activities such as artificial intelligence technology innovation, product research and development, integrated application, and support services. Or a consortium consisting of multiple units can be applied as the unveiling unit.

In the 2020 government work report, it is pointed out that "implementing key projects 'research' unveiled lists ', and who can do it"; the Central Working Conference in 2020 also requested that "to improve the incentive mechanism and scientific and technological evaluation mechanism, implement the task of correlations' '' Unveiled the charts 'coach' and other mechanisms.

At the beginning of 2021, the provincial and ministerial leading cadres learned and implemented the party's 19th Plenary Session Spiritual Seminar Symposium. Innovation, comprehensively strengthen the deployment of scientific and technological innovation, integrate advantageous resources, and effectively and orderly promote the "unveiling of the list" system and mechanism of innovation research, and strengthen the connection between innovation chain and industrial chain. "At the same time, the national science and technology work conference work report also mentioned It is necessary to "carry out the pilot reform of scientific project management project management project management project management project management reform based on trusted scientists responsible system, 'unveiling the list, and the use of funds, the use of" baggage system'. "

In March of the same year, the government work report once again proposed: "Implementation of key core technology research projects, in-depth planning to promote the promotion of 'scientific and technological innovation 2030-major projects', reforming major special implementation methods, and promoting the" unveiling list of the list "and other mechanisms."

After the "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan for the National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China and the Outline of the 2035 Far View Target" clearly proposed the implementation of the "unveiled list" and "horse racing" and other systems, in April 2021, the "National Ministry of Science and Technology of the National Development and Reform Commission of the National Development and Reform Commission" The notice of in -depth promotion of comprehensive innovation reform work "was issued, and to Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Liaoning Province, Shanghai, Jiangsu Province, Zhejiang Province, Anhui Province, Hubei Province, Guangdong Province, Chongqing, Sichuan Province, Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Province The Provincial and Municipal Development and Reform Commission, the Department of Science and Technology (Committee, Bureau) of the Provincial and Municipal Development and Reform of the Provincial and Municipalities put forward requirements, that is, "the establishment of major scientific and technological projects and organizational management methods, implement key core technologies 'unveiled lists' and 'horse racing' and other systems to promote the responsibility System, establish an innovative consortium and organize major innovation tasks to promote the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain, the integration and innovation of large and medium -sized enterprises. "

Subsequently, the Ministry of Science and Technology issued the "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" key special special project declaration guidelines such as the "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" of the National R & D Program "Mathematics and Application Research". This means that the "unveiling of the list" of major scientific research tasks in my country has officially begun to implement, and the reform of the management of scientific research projects has taken a new step. The guide pointed out that the "unveiling the list" project highlights the role of end users and implements management methods such as signing "military commands" and "milestones" assessment. The guide also states that there is no registration time for the unveiling unit, no age, academic qualifications and professional title requirements for the person in charge of the unveiling team, and encouraging the advantages of confidence and ability to organize key core technologies to actively declare. The National Science and Technology Management Information System Public Service Platform also issued the "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" key special special project declaration guide for the release of the national key research and development plan "Information Photon Technology", which is the Ministry of Science and Technology. Eight key technologies such as performance calculation and hydrogen energy technology. In 2022, the government work report once again emphasized that "the major embodiments of reform technology and the promotion of the" unveiling the list "and other mechanisms."

"The 'unveiled list of the list' is the frequent naming, which is a firm state determination: to make every effort to make the innovation ability. The proposal of this mechanism has established a set of selection of sage for my country The institutional mechanism that Ren Neng and the capable of the ability to stand out provides fundamental follow. "Chen Jin, a professor at the School of Economics Management and Director of the Technology Innovation Research Center of Tsinghua University.

Frequent extension of "Hero Post"

Once the "unveiled list" was proposed, a series of explorations have begun.

In 2017, Guizhou Province will "Zhang Bang" at key technologies restricting economic and social development, openly and openly related to the country, based on solving actual technical problems, and has not set up indexes for assessment. Cases of "Handsome" system.

In the same year, Wuhan Donghu High -tech Zone released the "New Gold Ten Articles" (that is, "Policy List of Wuhan Donghu New Technology Development Zone to support innovation, entrepreneurship and development of new economy"), and initially showed the prototype of the "unveiling list". These include the reform of the mixed ownership of scientific and technological achievements; promote the transformation and technological transfer of scientific and technological achievements of colleges and universities; establish a "Optical Valley Technology Awards" to promote the return of capital to the Han Dynasty; Optics Valley Gazelle Growth Fund, developing "unicorn" enterprises; supporting enterprises to increase investment in R & D; promote military -civilian integration scientific and technological innovation; support high -level scientific and technological innovation platform construction; vigorously build "double innovation" incubation carriers; create a loose and inclusive development environment Ten contents, stimulate various subjects to innovate and entrepreneurship vitality, develop new economy, and create new kinetic energy.

In October 2018, the Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology issued the "Notice on Collection of Major Scientific and Technological Projects that is suitable for unveiling the list", which requires efforts to mobilize social innovation forces such as enterprises, universities, scientific research institutions, and industry community organizations. Technical problems, accelerate the transformation of major scientific and technological achievements, and improve the level of innovation governance and scientific research services.

Since 2019, Shanxi has explored the establishment of the system and mechanism of innovating talents to gather innovative talents. With the help of the "global brain" overcome key core technical problems, three issues involved more than 60 companies and more than 40 technical problems. New materials, information technology application innovation, coal seam gas, new energy, coal clean and efficient utilization and other key areas.

In 2020, the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission formulated and issued the "Notice on Strengthening the Science and Technology Emergency Response Mechanism to Realize the Prevention and Control of the Epidemic", and once again launched the special emergency management special, and the global reward unveiling was launched. The "services such as" service, priority nomination of scientific and technological emergency measures during the prevention and control of science and technology awards, and contributing Shanghai's scientific and technological power to the prevention and control of the epidemic prevention and control. In the same year, the Zhejiang Provincial Talent Service Platform released the first batch of provincial lists of "unveiled lists". For the 29 "card neck" technical needs proposed by 28 key enterprises in the province, it is facing the world's well -known universities, industry leaders and teams. The "hero post" is issued, and the total list exceeds 100 million yuan.

Facts have proved that in a larger scope of finding "heroes", hundreds of sorrows, and thousands of sails are more conducive to using full resources and excellent selection.

After the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the "Work Plan for the Unveiling of the New Generation of Artificial Intelligence Industry Innovation Task" and determined the 17 directions and areas as a key task for unveiling the list, Beijing Haitian Rui Sheng Technology Co., Ltd. found that the 13th direction "industry training The "resource library" is almost completely consistent with the company's main business, and the unveiling task is exactly related to the company's development goals. The company actively responded to the call and took the initiative to unveil the list, determined the key key research targets to achieve realization between 2018 and 2020, and reported through the Beijing Economic and Information Bureau. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology organized multiple rounds of review by many experts. In 2019, Hai Tianrui Sheng was selected as the only AI training data company to be selected as "New Generation Artificial Intelligence Industry Innovation Key Task Mission Unveiling Unit". After the implementation of the unveiling project from 2019 to 2020, Haitian Ruisheng produced large -scale and high -quality training data resource clusters based on the 12 core technologies accumulated by independent research and development, and successfully completed the initial setting goals. These achievements have provided strong support for promoting the innovation and development of the artificial intelligence industry and improving independent innovation capabilities. In 2021, Lanzhou City Line 2 of Lanzhou City, Gansu Province encountered difficulties in the construction: the groundwater of the red sandstone strata was soaked in the foundation pit, and the water was surged in the pits, causing construction difficulties. Lanzhou City sorted out the "card neck" technology encountered in the city's development as a list, published "hero posts" for the whole society, and "actively connected" through various office agencies, "matching bridges" of talent workstations, online online, online online, online online, online online, online The announcement of the announcement "Completely spreading the Internet" to attract more innovative talents and leading teams with ability to master core technologies and have the ability to closely participate in the unveiling list. Soon after, the Beijing Urban Construction Survey and Design Research Institute was unveiled and successfully overcome the problems in the construction of Line 2. It is estimated that the introduction of new technologies saves more than 200 days and reduces costs more than 20 million yuan.

Xue Lan, the dean of the Su Shimin Academy of Tsinghua University, believes that "unveiling the list" is a major measure to deepen the reform of scientific research management, which can promote more outstanding scientific research teams to stand out. And An Hui, deputy chief engineer of the China Institute of Electronic Information Industry Development, also said that the "unveiled list" can create a hero that does not ask the source, allowing private enterprises and new R & D institutions to be innovative. Among them, to improve the vitality of the overall innovation of society.

Eclete

Implement the key research project "unveiled the list", and will be released on the key core technology project that needs to be overcome. It is the guidance of "eclectic reduction of talents".

Professor and doctoral supervisor of Zhongnan University of Finance and Economics and Law, Zeng Jingjing, director of the China Science and Technology Policy Research Association, had done research statistics. As of April 13, 2021, a total of 24 provinces and cities in the country carried out the "unveiled list" work. Judging from the fields of unveils in various places, the list classification is more concentrated. A total of 1,216 technology lists were released in various places, including 24%of biomedicine, 20%of advanced manufacturing and automation fields, 19%of new materials, and 17%of electronic information. According to statistical analysis of the name of the list of "unveiling the list", Zeng Jingjing found that the main unveiling areas of Guizhou are big data. Hebei Province is mainly focused on Xiong'an New District and people's livelihood. Guangdong Province is mainly focused on automation intelligence and robots. Jiangsu Province focuses on chips and systems.

At the same time, the "unveiling the list" is constantly improving in practice, and the specific rules of various places are constantly refining. For example, the "Interim Measures for Hubei Provincial Unveiling Science and Technology Projects and Fund Management" has proposed that the establishment of a scientific research credit record system for covering demand for collection, demonstration selection, unveiling the list, evaluation and evaluation, establishment, execution, and acceptance process shall be shared by the Provincial Department of Science and Technology or The commissioned professional organizations conduct credit management of participating entities such as project undertaking units and scientific researchers, evaluation and review experts, and intermediaries. The Provincial Department of Science and Technology establishes a "blacklist" system to record serious bad credit records in the "blacklist".

In response to the risk of failure to develop in the process of "unveiling the list", Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province, took the lead in piloting the "Unveiling Risk" in the country. Jinhua City and Insurance Company cooperated to launch a new type of insurance "unveiling the list": If the "unveiled list" project failed due to force majeure, the insurance company shall give compensation to the issuer and the unveiling person in accordance with the project input. The government provides 50%support for insurance fees.

Baoding City, Hebei Province, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the "Management Measures for the Science and Technology Planning Project of Baoding City", the Baoding Science and Technology Bureau will be accepted by the Organization of the "Unveiled List" project. For projects that have passed acceptance, their performance will be tracked for more than three years. The performance is significant, and if it plays a great role in promoting economic and social development, it is included in the scope of support of the Science and Technology Bureau and tilted in science and technology services and policy support. In scientific and technological innovation activities, there are no illegal and violations, blind implementation, random funds, subjective intentional intentions, and losses. The responsible subjects of the failure of innovation due to errors, force majeure or unpredictable technical routes can be used in accordance with the provisions of the "fault tolerance" mechanism. The project is adjusted or terminated.

In addition, some places are also exploring the parallel competition model of "unveiling the list". The expert group is set up 2 to 3 finalists for each unveiling project. The winner has won the surplus funds of the project, and through institutional innovation, the "unveiling the list" system is more competitive.

The "unveiling the list" has received the support and attention of many companies. First, it is endorsed by government credit as the endorsement of the list technology. It is hoped that through the completion of the project to enter the government perspective, it will laid the foundation for the future application for national industrial strong base projects. "It can be said that the" unveiled list "has grasped corporate needs with government behavior. On the one hand, fiscal funds can leverage more social capital investment innovation. On the other hand, 'government settled and innovative singing' can also take their respective The resource advantage is strongly integrated. "Zeng Jingjing analyzed. Yuan Yaxiang, member of the Standing Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said in an interview with the media that in 2021, the Ministry of Science and Technology launched a special research special research project in "Mathematics and Application". The list of "Unveil the List", the list revolves around major application scenarios such as satellite mechanical and electrical system performance forecasts, and strives to make breakthroughs in solving deep -level mathematical issues that restrict the development of related technological development. "The implementation of the" unveiling of the list "will undoubtedly promote the cooperation between the mathematical community and the enterprise, and encourage high -level mathematicians to solve the problem of the 'card neck' on the specific problems of the enterprise, which will greatly promote the application of mathematics in actual situation."

"We are glad to see, explore new scientific research organization models and scientific research management mechanisms, build a good scientific and technological innovation ecosystem for" competing for results, solve the real problems, and gather strong teams', and put it into the new momentum for key core technologies. "Nanjing Airlines Airlines. Shi Daning, vice president of the University of Aerospace, pointed out that in exploring and building a more reasonable and effective talent evaluation system, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics "do not break or stand." "For example, a associate professor in our school cooperated with the enterprise to successfully develop a solid abrasive polishing pad for the polishing of smartphone screens and put into operation on a large scale, breaking the global monopoly of foreign companies. With this prominent result, His on -the -job title was highly recognized and promoted to professors smoothly. Acknowledge and affirmed the outstanding contributions and achievements of each teacher in their respective fields is the direction of the school's continued efforts. "

("Well -off" · China Well -off Exclusive Draft)

This article was published in "Well -off" in early July 2022

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