Theoretical vision ｜ Use system thinking cracked and increasing income problems

□ Zhang Yan

The increase in farmers' income is always the core issue of the "agriculture and rural" work. The economic development and social progress since the reform and opening up have made the majority of farmers' professional characteristics, working space, production conditions, and sources of income have undergone great changes. The era of increasing income of farmers has more complex characteristics.

Precise policies to solve different types of farmers' income income problems

Farmers, originally referring to people who are engaged in agricultural production in a long time, are a kind of professional title, as the "Gu Liang Biography · Cheng Yuenian" is described: "The ancients have four people. The people. The four peoples of Shi Agriculture and Industry. "In the early days of the founding of the New China, the title of farmers reflected the professional characteristics of long -term engaging in agricultural production. Under the current social conditions, farmers, as occupations, generally refer to the rural household registration population that has not yet settled in the city. Household registration of other occupations. It can be divided into the following types: first, the elderly population that has been living in rural areas and has been engaged in agricultural production for a long time, and the other is a professional farmer and part -time population who has long lived in rural areas for a long time. The "migrant worker" is the new type of land operation and agricultural production and operation personnel in rural areas.

Based on the above categories, increasing farmers' income should consider how the annual household registration rural population, part -time household registration labor population, migrant worker population, and operators engaged in rural land operations and agricultural socialization services have increased their income. For rural household registration personnel, their source of income depends mainly on self -employed wage income and self -operated operating income, which affects their increasing income increase is that their labor capacity and production and operation capabilities have declined. For the labor population of part -time household registration in rural areas, their source of income depends mainly on self -employed wage income, self -operated operating income and his employment wage income. The lack of factors in input and opportunities for part -time jobs nearby. For the "migrant workers" that have long -term migrant workers and live in the city, the main reason for the increase in their income is the stability of the occupation and the sharing of social welfare. For operators who use new rural operating organizations as carriers and engage in large -scale, intensive, and social operation services, the main reason for their increasing income is that the transaction costs used by factors are too high, modern production technology promotion and new business methods Convert.

Based on the above analysis, we need to take differentiated measures, accurately impose policies, and solve them one by one. In response to rural household registration personnel, their income should be improved through the national pension guarantee system. Essence For the labor population of part -time household registration in rural areas, the mechanism should be converted to their transformation of business methods, enhancing production technical capabilities, increasing employment opportunities to create conditions, and increasing operating income and wage income. In response to the "migrant workers" in the city, their income increases In addition to strictly implement relevant laws and regulations to ensure their stable and increased wage income, they must increase public service income in various subsidies to avoid causes to avoid causes from reasons to avoid causes. Work intermittent, space transfer, skills learning, career conversion, children's education, return to home to visit relatives, have caused significant decline in income. For new types of operating managers in rural areas, the operating rights of asset management rights such as smoothly flowing, constructing a scientific and perfect operating system, providing modern production technology, and guiding their transformation methods, continuously reducing production and operation costs, and increasing efficiency.

Reform and innovation continuously optimize and improve the mechanism of farmers' income increase mechanism

Focusing on the increasing income of farmers, we should focus on the following aspects to continuously optimize the income structure of different people, to increase farmers' wage income, operating income, property income and transfer income, and continuously reduce the income gap between urban and rural residents.

Accelerate the innovation and development of rural industries and improve the efficiency of resource output. Increasing farmers' income, the development of innovative industries is the prerequisite. It is necessary to continue to consolidate the foundation of agricultural foundation, increase the number of grain outputs such as wheat, corn, rice, soybeans, and continuously optimize the breeding structure and product structure, accelerate the development of new formats, extend the industry to extend the industry Chain, increase the added value, and increase the efficiency of the input of resource input. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of high -standard farmland through strengthening scientific and technological support and mechanism conversion, continuously improve the quality of cultivated land, and continuously improve planting output; comprehensively improve the level of agricultural development of facilities, improve the efficiency of land land production; accelerate the development of beef cattle, cows, Chinese medicinal materials, etc. Efficient agriculture, build characteristic agricultural product bases, and improve high -quality brand benefits; actively develop modern agricultural industrial parks, build county -domaining industrial clusters and strong agricultural industries; actively develop new industries such as leisure and recreation, rural tourism, e -commerce, digital logistics and other new industries. The format, which creates a wide industrial foundation for farmers' income.

Strengthen the support of rural population and promote the effective employment of farmers. With the continuous progress of my country's economy and society, the agricultural -based industrial model, structure and production technology have undergone great changes. New requirements have been put forward by the technical capabilities and knowledge level of the employment of the labor population. The employment of rural labor population outside the country is the key to solving the problem of increasing the income income from farmers with honest labor. Not only need to increase their skills to cultivate their skills, but also need to create more opportunities for innovation and entrepreneurship for them. It is necessary to accelerate the construction of "everyone holding permits and skills in Henan", promote grassroots and social enterprises to organize rural professional farmers, enter the city to transfer employment to participating in skill talent training, and use skill salary as a means to motivate employees to continuously improve their work capabilities. It is necessary to vigorously train agricultural production and operators and heads of rural collective economic organizations, actively encourage them to innovate their business methods, absorb more farmers and labor force to participate in the cooperative economy, and set up a bridge between small farmers and modern agricultural business organizations. To strengthen employment services, extend employment services to administrative villages, build an employment service supply and demand platform for migrant workers and employers, and provide entrepreneurial guidance and policy for migrant workers, college graduates, scientific and technological personnel, retired soldiers, etc. Consultation, credit financing and other services. The system deepen the reform of various systems and improve the income mechanism of farmers. On the basis of innovating the development of rural industries and ensuring the stable employment of farmers, through deepening and improving the reform of the rural land system, the reform of the social security system, and the reform of the salary and welfare system, the establishment of a guarantee mechanism for the stable income increase of farmers has gradually narrowed the income gap between urban and rural residents. It is necessary to deepen the reform of the "three powers" in rural contracting land, promote the transfer of land management rights in rent, shares or other methods, and increase the income of farmers' land operation rights. It is necessary to actively encourage the role of rural collective economic organizations to give full play to the role of land owners' rights representatives, actively participate in the reform of collective operating construction land, promote the scale and intensiveization of land operations and agricultural production, and promote corporate operations and joint -stock systems of collective assets of rural collective assets. Reform and develop new types of rural collective economy. It is necessary to actively encourage state -owned platforms, social enterprises, financial institutions and rural collective economic organizations, farmers' professional cooperatives and farmers to conduct various forms of business cooperation to allow farmers to share value -added returns. (Author unit: Institute of Rural Revitalization, Henan Agricultural University)

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