Theoretical vision ｜ Timing the foundation of "farmers" as the foundation

□ Qin Xiaoling

At present, facing economic downlink pressure and various instability factors, farmers have been impacted to a certain extent, and farmers' income channels are narrowed. Therefore, based on agricultural and rural areas, it has significantly increased the employment capacity of agricultural agriculture. It is possible to improve the operating income of rural residents. It is not only an effective means to increase farmers' income, but also an important guarantee for complex internal and external environments and uncertain factors.

In the past two years, the income of farmers in our province has maintained rapid growth compared to urban residents' income. But at the same time, the absolute gap between the income of rural residents and urban residents is still expanding; on the other hand, compared with the national average growth rate, the per capita disposable income growth rate of rural residents in our province has a slowdown trend. On the basis of the average growth rate of the country in 2019, the growth rate in 2020 was 0.7 percentage points lower than the national average, and the gap in 2021 expanded to 1.7 percentage points. From the perspective of operating income, with the continuous development of agricultural and rural areas, the operating income structure is constantly changing, and the proportion of operating income is gradually increasing from the proportion of secondary and three production. In 2020, the operating income of the per capita disposable income of rural residents in our province comes from 66.07%, 7.73%, and 26.18%of the proportion It is low, and the production is high. To a certain extent, it reflects that our province still has a large gap and space in terms of the development of the entire agricultural industrial chain, the diversification of rural industries, and the integration of the three industries.

The development of agriculture and rural areas has a strong exogenous nature and needs to seek external motivation from urbanization and industrialization. From the perspective of the development stage of our province, it continues to promote new urbanization and industrial transformation and upgrading, and continuously optimize and improve rural factors allocation, thereby increasing agricultural labor productivity and agricultural comparative returns. It is the fundamental way to increase farmers' operating income. Facing the current foundation of development, although there are many constraints, there is still a lot of room for improvement, especially in the context of the new development pattern, the construction of a unified market in the country has promoted the development of rural economic development and increased farmers' income at this stage. Provide more opportunities.

At present, for improving farmers' operating income, we must work hard on "making big cakes" and "dividing cakes". Starting from the basic province of our province, the focus is on the following aspects:

Continuously developing and expanding the grain industry, embedded the main body of grain into the economic cycle. Grain has a large particularity. As a province of food production and the first province of wheat in the country, the development of the grain industry is an important fit between our province to ensure the safety of food safety, keeping development and increasing income. Important ways and powerful motivation. On the basis of the total insurance, we must continue to optimize the planting structure and improve the quality of agricultural products. Cultivate the raw grain regional brands, and establish special product standards in some regions, such as Yanjin Wheat and Xixian wine wheat, etc., expand the influence of regional brands. Actively promote the provincial public brand of "Yu Mai", and study the standard system for the control of the entire industry chain. With the "food tail" and "agricultural tail" as the starting point, the support policy of food support is mainly supported by supporting production links, to the industrial policy transformation of the entire industrial chain and supply chain Forced the system to effectively play the role of purchasing and selling and processing enterprises.

Promote the diversification of rural industries and broaden the channels for income income from rural areas. With the diverse demand for agricultural and rural areas, the connotation extension of rural industries has also changed. It is necessary to comply with this trend, enrich the rural economic format, and develop its unique modern rural people. On the one hand, on the one hand, it focuses on the diversified value conversion and unique resource advantages of agriculture and rural areas, and develops new industries and new formats such as rural tourism, leisure and recuperation, science science, and homestays. Deeply dig deeper special agricultural product resources, and promote the development of "small, special, excellent" advantageous industries. On the other hand, it promotes the deep integration of agriculture and modern information technology and Internet technology, and develops rural e -commerce, smart agriculture, facility agriculture, etc. In the vertical, focusing on the cultivation of the entire industry chain, based on its own development foundation, starting from the leading industry and key products, to the two ends and surroundings of the industry, to create new supply. Whether it is horizontal expansion or vertical extension, it must be based on "agricultural", or agriculture or rural areas, and such rural industries have vitality.

With the development of the collective economy, it is an important starting point to maximize the benefit of the majority of farmers. The strong collective economy makes up for the lack of family and individual operations, achieve complementary advantages, and helps to promote the common prosperity of farmers. On the basis of the reform of the rural land system and the reform of the collective property rights system, we must further consolidate and improve the results of the reform, actively explore the independent business model of village social cooperation, village enterprises and enterprises Operations, etc., revitalize resources in various forms, develop rural industries, and strengthen collective assets. In addition, in view of the more obvious differentiation between the villages, on the basis of the development of the village -level collective economy, it is possible to use townships to coordinate the development of the first -level collective economy of the townships, or cross -village coordination, or project coordination. Cooperation and joint construction, and continuously explore the interest distribution, management system, and cooperation model to achieve a larger scope of resource integration, and to achieve a strong economic village driven by general villages and weak villages.

Continuously improve the linkage mechanism of interests to allow farmers to share value -added income. For a long time, the contradiction between small farmers and large markets is the basic provincial and agricultural conditions facing the province. It requires various organizational forms to promote the organic connection between small farmers and modern production systems, operating systems and industrial systems. In this process, the interests of various participating entities such as village collectives, industry and commerce capital, cooperatives, and small farmers are not exactly the same. On the basis of overall planning, we must put farmers' income in an important position, and increase the number of farmers and increase the income of farmers to increase their income. The situation is incorporated into the important content of the relevant project construction considerations and even assessment. It guides the construction of various construction entities and market entities through rules and systems to achieve the construction of long -term interest communities of small farmers. Especially in the development of new industries and new industries in agriculture and rural areas, the development model of rural tourism and leisure and recreation of tourist attractions that avoid buying out of the new industry in agriculture and rural areas, avoiding the relationship with villagers, and full capital -led tourist attractions. Increase the support of inclusive finance and agricultural insurance, and enhance the ability of farmers to increase their "hematopoiesis". At present, rural finance, as a living water for industrial development, plays a special role in farmers' increasing operating income and can stimulate its endogenous motivation. This requires rural finance to actively innovate products and service methods on the needs of more low -income small farmers on the basis of existing. Through the government, banks, guarantee institutions, etc., on the premise of effective control of risks, Low threshold, low -cost inclusive credit credit model. In addition, we must continue to promote the transformation and upgrading of agricultural insurance in our province, transition from the cost of insurance to insurance, and support farmers' production and operation. (Author unit: Provincial Government Development Research Center)

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