Theoretical vision ｜ Let "sleep" assets change the "living water"

□ Li Guoying

Property income is one of the important sources of farmers' income. Recently, the "Guiding Opinions on Continuously Increasing Farmers' income" issued by the Provincial Government proposed that it continued to increase farmers' income and achieve the "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" period of farmers' income in Henan Province close to the national average target in the country. With the rapid development of new urbanization, the source of income from rural residents in our province has become increasingly diversified, and property income has also shown a development trend from scratch to less.

Improve the mechanism of stable agricultural income increase

Increasing farmers 'property income, from the perspective of the top -level design, we must set up "resource -changing assets", "capital changes", "farmers' shareholders" reform, and the reform of rural property rights systems and the development of collective economy. The collective economy and expand the channels for property income of rural residents.

First of all, we must ensure that farmers' income continues to grow from the mechanism system. Rural residents can obtain property income only by relying on institutionalized asset organizations and resource allocation, so they must provide relevant legal basis and guarantee for the operation subject.

Secondly, assets must be effective through high efficiency management to generate good benefits in order to ensure a reliable source of its farmers' property income. In a good market mechanism and environment, asset management organizations have efficiently conducting economic activities such as transactions, cooperation, replacement, and monetization under the market -oriented mechanism, thereby achieving the goal of improving farmers' property income and promoting agricultural and rural development.

Finally, the establishment and improvement of agricultural financial funds to rural collective business asset transformation mechanisms, comprehensively eliminating collective economic shell villages, and enhancing the collective economic strength of the village.各级财政投入到农村的发展类、扶持类资金要按政策量化为村集体或农民持有的股金，入股到经营主体，或参与保底分红，或股份合作开发经营，营造依托股权活资产、 The institutional environment of industry and rich farmers.

Normal village "sleeping" assets

The reform of the rural collective property rights system in our province began in 2015. As of October 2020, the reform tasks were basically completed. At present, the focus of work has been transferred to the effective ways and implementation models of exploring the development of new rural collective economies. In the future, with the reform of the rural collective property rights system, the further clarification of the property rights relationship between rural collective economic organizations, the development of the new type of rural collective economy will play an important role in promoting the majority of farmers to increase property income and achieve common prosperity.

At present, most rural collective economic organizations in our province have a certain number of resource assets such as land, forest land, and business assets such as village -run enterprises, small hydropower and other operating assets. These collective assets are owned by farmers' collective members. Multi -channel increases the property income of rural residents, and play an important role in preventing bipolar differentiation and reducing urban and rural income gaps.

Innovate a market -oriented investment channel for collective operating assets. Relying on institutionalized asset organizations and resource allocation for market -oriented operations, in accordance with the development ideas of "agricultural agriculture, agricultural, workers, and businessmen, and businessmen," to reasonably determine the development positioning and development strategy of operating assets.

Innovate collective asset operation models to maximize the value value of rural resources. Encourage the village to collectively develop and use the land, forests, and tourism resources in the village in accordance with the law in accordance with the law, and develop the characteristics of the land, forests, and tourism resources in the village, and develop the integration of forest economy, cultural tourism integration and other advantageous industries, so that farmers share the value -added income of large markets and industry chains.

Disclosure of operating income according to the fairness of stocks. Entering the income of farmers to obtain joint property should be implemented in the peasant distribution according to stocks, forming a more inclusive revenue distribution method. This requires improving the rural collective business asset evaluation system, strict civil liability accountability system, and strengthening public supervision of villagers.

Deepen the reform of the rural land system

As of the end of 2021, the per capita disposable income ratio of urban and rural residents in our province was 2.12: 1. This gap was largely caused by the gap between property income. Only when the scope of land acquisition and the corresponding expansion of rural collective operating construction land enters the market, and gives rural residents' land use rights and homesteads such as complete benefit rights and guarantee property rights, can farmers obtain property income channels.

Guide land management rights to flow in order, so that farmers can enjoy the system dividends of land confirmation. It is necessary to confirm and ensure that farmers' land, housing, funds, and collective assets should be confirmed from the legal and institutional level, improve the rural land transfer market, carefully promote the reform of rural homesteads and rural housing leasing, transfer, mortgage, guarantee, etc. Contract land in various forms. Reform the rural land acquisition system, improve the long -term mechanism of value -added income of the country, collective, and individuals, and improve the property income of farmers in accordance with laws and regulations.

Integrate the land operation right trading network and establish a unified and effective property rights trading platform. At present, rural land real estate rights in some areas of our province are unclear, which makes it difficult for farmers to use land to obtain corresponding property income. It is necessary to establish a unified construction land market system for urban and rural areas, improve the market -oriented configuration mechanism of rural factors, provide more information for both parties to the transaction, and reduce the transaction costs generated due to asymmetric information.

Further regulate the land management system. Accelerate the establishment of the same price guarantee mechanism of the market for unified urban and rural construction land. Based on the use of land and space use, the experience of state -owned construction land is used to scientifically manages the right to use the right to use rural collective construction land.

Explore the implementation path of land finance

To ensure the growth of farmers' property income, we must rely on financial support that matches the property rights of farmers. Explore the mortgage loan and guarantee financing of rural contracting land operation rights, promoting the financing model of collective operating land use rights mortgage, land increase or decrease linked project loans, etc., and gradually improve the loan risk compensation and slow release mechanism in order to effectively revitalize rural resources Assets, continuously promote farmers' income. Farmers' financial innovation requires government participation and providing policy support. At present, most of the land operating rights mortgage financing in our province adopt a combined mortgage guarantee model. In order to reduce transaction costs and activate the mortgage market of land operation rights, the model of government and market common governance can be considered to achieve mortgage financing of land operation rights. Under the premise of preventing risks, clear ownership, and ensuring that farmers have stable residences, they explore the pilot pilot of mortgage loans of farmers 'housing property rights, strengthen financial products and service innovations, and support the realization of farmers' housing property rights. At the same time, the structural reform of rural financial supply side is promoted, some financial institutions are encouraged to develop land financial business, expand rural scenario finance, strengthen cooperation with land evaluation, agricultural insurance, and agricultural guarantee institutions, and establish effective financial risk prevention and compensation mechanisms. Through the above measures, the financial leverage potential of rural land and rural homesteads can be effectively released, and rural "assets" are transformed into "funds". (The author is a researcher at the Institute of Rural Development of the Academy of Social Sciences)

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