Behind the "first case" of the "first case" of cultural relics for banned cultural relics: How can the bronze ware "declined noble"?

Bronze has always been a very special area of ​​the antique collection industry in mainland China. Whether it is private transactions or public auctions, both are strictly limited. Li Yihai, who was involved in the case, was from Yongzhou, Hunan. His name "privately touched" bronze wares have been circulating in the industry for many years. This incident is not surprising.

Author: Li Wei Ao grows

Figure: Tuwa Creative

Guide

One || On December 1, 2021, Yongle Auction Company held the "Yongle 21 Autumn Auction". There is a special session of "Fanghua Tianbao -Ancient Chinese Art Picking Zhen" in "Autumn Auction", and several of which are regarded as "collection -class bronze rituals" that are regarded as "essence lots" will be auctioned, including auction number 3216. "Zheng Yan Bo Yan".

鬲 || The two auctioned cultural relics, Zheng Qiang Bozhen and Father Ding Ding, are Li Yihai, the person in charge of the commissioner, "deceived the cultural relics department for review by falsifying the inscription and recording, so as to enter the pre -exhibition of cultural relics auction."

Three || One of the purposes of forging inscriptions is to greatly increase the value or price of bronze wares. "A bronze ware with basically similar appearances, whether there are inscriptions, the price of their sale or auction can be three, five times, or more." In addition to the "authenticity" of the bronze ware, it is more important to make it "legalized".

On July 1, 2022, the Beijing Cultural Market Comprehensive Law Enforcement Corps reported that a national auction country for the "Beijing International Auction Co., Ltd." auction country prohibited the trading and selling cultural relics. "Father Ding" was identified as the third -level cultural relics of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the general cultural relics of the Spring and Autumn Period. The handling of the newly revised "Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" was officially implemented, and Beijing's investigative and auctional countries banned the "first case" of the "first case" of trading of cultural relics.

The report said that the "Beijing International Auction Co., Ltd." was punished by a fine of 20,000 yuan; the person in charge of the commissioner of the two bronze wares "Li" has been taken by public security organs for suspected resale of cultural relics.

From July 2nd to 10th, 2022, several insiders confirmed to the reporter of the Economic Observation Network that the "Beijing International Auction Co., Ltd.", which was punished by administrative penalties, was Beijing Yongle International Auction Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Yongle auction). On June 16, 2022, the Beijing Culture and Tourism Bureau took the "Cultural Relics of November 28, 2021 and November 30, 2021," On November 28, 2021, and a cultural relics for buying and selling countries ", it was fined a fine of RMB 2 10,000 yuan. The "Li Mou", which was taken by the public security organs, was called Li Yihai. Li Yihai was also the actual controller of Beijing Guangu International Auction Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as the ancient auction).

The above -mentioned insiders said that after 1949, Bronze has always been a very special area of ​​the antique collection industry in Mainland China. Whether it is private transactions or public auctions, they are strictly restricted. Li Yihai, who was involved in the case, was from Yongzhou, Hunan. His name "privately touched" bronze wares have been circulating in the industry for many years. This incident is not surprising.

In July 2022, an employee of the Gu Gu auction Company responded to the reporter of the Economic Observation Network that his company had previously "always doing business"; and since Li Yihai's "accident" in 2021, Guangu Auction Company has actually actually actually been actually actually Stop business. A staff member of the Yongle Auction Company said that Yongle auction had not auctioned bronze wares. In 2021, he cooperated with Li Yihai to get involved in the bronze auction, but now he no longer auction bronze.

2021 Yongle Autumn Shooting

Digital to the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period of Bronze Institute

Guangu Auction Company was established in September 2017, with a registered capital of 20 million yuan, 12 million yuan in actual capital, 75%of Li Yihai, and Zhang Xiaofei held 25%. The company's scope of operation is very complicated, including "engaged in auction business; cultural relics auction; sales of cultural relics; sales of food; engaged in Internet cultural activities; import and export of goods; technology import and export; proxy import and export; art appraisal service" and so on.

Li Yihai and Zhang Xiaofei are also shareholders of Beijing Guanguang Cultural Relics Appraisal Co., Ltd.. This company was established in June 2020. Li Yihai and Zhang Xiaofei each hold 50%of their shares, but the actual capital capital is 0.

Compared with the ancient auction, the scale and industry awareness of Yongle auction are higher.

Yongle auction was established in June 2005. It is one of the director units of the China Auction Industry Association. The registered capital is 10 million yuan, and the source of shareholders is diverse. After penetrating the equity structure, one of the larger shareholders, Zhao Xu, the founder of Yongle auction, he is also a painter; the other person with a large shareholding is Li Botan. He is also a joint founding of Yongle auction. people.

Li Botan worked at the funding department of the General Office of the Bank of China. After leaving the Bank of China, he has been engaged in the asset management and investment business for many years. The current member of the Central Committee. Li Botan also has a more well -known identity. He served as an independent director of Guizhou Moutai Wine Co., Ltd. (600519.SH) from 2014 to 2020.

On December 1, 2021, Yongle Auction Company held the "Yongle 21 autumn auction" -the in the collection auction industry, there was a tradition of centralized auction each held in the first half of the year, which were called "spring auction" and "autumn auction". There is a special session of "Fanghua Tianbao -Ancient Chinese Art Picking Zhen" in "Yongle 21 Autumn Auction". In the introduction of several publicity and promotion articles in November 2021, the pre -exhibition was held from November 28 to November 30, 2021. The location is on the fifth floor of the Four Seasons Hotel in Beijing. The "collection -class bronze rituals" will be auctioned.

This includes: "Zheng Yan Bo" with auction number 3216.

Alas, the sound is the same as "standing", the shape is like a tripod, and the three feet are hollow.

Zheng Yanbo is 12.2 cm high, with a caliber of 17.6 cm, weighing 1507 grams, which is about 1.5 kg. From the appearance point of view, "This folding along the square lips, beaming neck, and three fusion bags on the abdomen, inherited the three -hoof foot, the upper part of the hoof feet is decorated with a dwarf ridge, and the shoulder ring is decorated with a weeks to heavy ring lines for a week. A crude stripes put the abdomen part of the upper and lower parts, full of straight stripes "; and there are inscriptions," the inscription of the mouth is casting for a week ", saying:" Zheng Yanbo made Ji Jiang Zun's Yongbao. "

The above -mentioned publicity and promotion article stated: "Zheng 'is Zheng Guo, a vassal country surnamed in the Western Zhou Dynasty, is an important vassal country in the late Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period ...' 羌 伯 伯 上 上 上 上 上 上Qi Guo Jiang's name ... According to this inscription, it can be known that this (yes) Zheng Yanbo was made by marrying Ji Jiang. Its shape and inscription are typical Western Zhou Dynasty late instruments. "

(Cultural relics involved in the case: Zheng Yan Bo 鬲)

The starting price of Zheng Bozhen, a publicity and promotion article on November 21, 2021 shows that it was 1.2 million yuan; another article two days later stated that the starting price was 1 million yuan.

The auction number is 3217 is "Father Ding", 24.5 cm high, with a diameter of 28 cm. The starting price is 1.6 million yuan.

Regarding the propaganda and recommendation article of this tripod states that the Ding "has three -character inscription in the device", saying: "The father of the Father as Baoding and his ten thousand years (Zi) Sun (Sun) Yongbao".

(Cultural relics involved in the case: Uncle Father Ding)

Bronze inscriptions, records more fakes

Li Yihai is controlled by the police

According to the above -mentioned publicity articles, the above two bronze wares are also recorded in many golden stone works in addition to inscriptions.

The so -called golden stone science can be simply understood as a discipline with ancient Chinese bronze and stone inscriptions as the main research objects. "Gold" is bronze, and "stone" is a stone carved monument.

Among them, there are 6 descriptions of Zheng Qiang Bo's (that is, "records"), including: "Constellation of the Ji Zhai Zhong Ding Yi Insight" made by Ruan Yuan of the Qing Dynasty, on page 7, Vol. 7; The "Golden Culture" made in Page 74 is No. 2; the "Small School Scripture Golden Text" made by Liu Tingzhi during the Republic of China, on page 69, No. 3; 1978, Zou An Institute, Zou An Institute Do "Zhou Jinwen Cun", on page 78, Vol. 2; 1984, "Yin Zhou Jinwen Integration" published by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, at No. 00659; Integration, on page 291 No. 01624.

The article states that Zheng Qiang Bozhen was collected by Ruan Yuan.

Ruan Yuan was born in 1764 and died in 1849. He was in the three dynasties of Qianlong, Jiaqing, and Daoguang. He was proficient in science, training, and Jinshi. He was a famous university in the Qing Dynasty. He also served as Shandong and Zhejiang, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Henan governor and Governor of Yunyun, Governor of Huguang, Governor of Guangdong, Guangdong, and Governor of Yunnan and Guizhou. In his later years Add official to Taifu.

There are 4 descriptions of the father -in -law, namely: In 1936, Luo Zhenyu made "Three Generations of Jim Jin Wencun", on page 32, No. 3, No. 3; 1983, Yan Yiping made "Golden Extraordinary Collection", In 1984, the "Yin Zhou Jinwen Integration" by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences was on No. 02514; in 2012, the "Institute and Image Integration of Shang Zhou Bronze" made by Wu Zhenzheng, on page 259 02080.

However, afterwards, the Beijing Cultural Market Comprehensive Law Enforcement Corps' "Comprehensive Investigation and Visit of Law Enforcement Officers, verified on -site exploration" found that: Zheng Qiang Bo and his father Ding, the two auctioned cultural relics, were Li Yihai, the leader of the commissioner. The inscription and record method deceive the cultural relics department for review, so as to enter the pre -exhibition of cultural relics auction. "

The Beijing Cultural Market Comprehensive Law Enforcement Corps was listed in October 2020. It is a deputy bureau -level administrative law enforcement agency with dual management department of the Propaganda Department of the Beijing Municipal Party Committee, the Municipal Culture and Tourism Bureau, and enforce the enforcement in the name of the Beijing Cultural and Tourism Bureau. Responsible for the concentrated exercise of cultural, cultural relics, press and publishing, copyright, radio and television, film, tourism market, and religion in the laws, regulations, and rules. Administrative compulsory power and responsible for major difficulty in related fields and investigation and punishment of cross -regional cases. "

Li Yhai has been adopted by the public security organs for allegedly selling cultural relics.

Laws and regulations such as the Interpretation of Criminal Law and Cultural Relics Cases stipulate that "for the purpose of profit, the cultural relics that are prohibited from operating by the state are sold for a serious case. Those who resell the national third -level cultural relics or the transaction amount is more than 50,000 yuan, which can be regarded as "serious plot". The notification of the Beijing Cultural Market Comprehensive Law Enforcement Corps also stated that Zheng Qiang and his father Ding were divided into third -level cultural relics and general cultural relics in the Spring and Autumn Period. It is rare in reality. The handling of the newly revised "Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" was officially implemented. In addition, this case is also listed as a joint supervision office by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism's Cultural Market Comprehensive Law Enforcement Supervision Bureau and the State Cultural Relics Bureau.

The "Cultural Relics Protection Law" transforms the important real objects, arts, literatures, manuscripts, book materials, and representative physical objects in various eras in Chinese history, which are divided into precious cultural relics and general cultural relics. Among them, precious cultural relics are divided into first -level cultural relics, secondary cultural relics, and third -level cultural relics; the first level is the highest level.

Bronze Collection Appreciation

Is it "declined noble"?

Li Yihai commissioned Yongle Auction Company to take auction, Zheng Ye Bo and his father Ding. Why did he do this?

A professionals who have been engaged in collection and identification in the bronze industry have been in the Economic Observation Network that one of the purpose of forging inscriptions can greatly increase the value or price of bronze wares. Similar bronze wares, whether there are inscriptions, the price of their sale or auction can be three, five times, or more. And in general, the more inscriptions, the higher the value and price. "

In addition to the "authenticity" of the bronze ware, it is more important to make it "legalized".

The above -mentioned persons explained to the reporter of the Economic Observer that the laws and regulations such as "China's" Cultural Relics Protection Law "and" Administrative Measures for Cultural Relics Auction "can be auctioned by what kind of cultural relics can be auctioned. Cultural relics or Chinese cultural relics, which are illegally plundered in history, are not allowed to be auctioned. Specific to bronze, bronze is one of the earliest carriers of Chinese civilization, and the bronzes we call every day are before the Han Dynasty before the Han Dynasty. It is also based on Xia Shang on Wednesday. It has a long history, so it is stricter for its trading and selling. For all, it has been unearthed before 1949, and the bronze wares that have been circulated in an orderly and clearly recorded by their predecessors; or 1949 After the year, it can be returned from overseas legally. Non -smuggling or illegal bronze wares can be auctioned in the mainland of China, or in other forms of legal circulation transactions. "

At the same time, the purpose of the pseudo -records is to allow auction companies, participants, and cultural relics departments. According to the "Administrative Measures for Cultural Relics Auction", those who are planning to be auctioned before the auction need to report their respective provincial -level provincial levels. Cultural Relics Administrative Department review -believes that this is an unearthed before 1949, and there is a clear and legal record. Once the legal auction can be made public, the prices of these bronze wares will double. If it is only illegal in private, such Bo Yan and Bo Yan's father may sell about 200,000 yuan, but you see that the starting price they announced in 2021 are all the level of one million yuan. "

The notification of the Beijing Cultural Market Comprehensive Law Enforcement Corps on July 1, 2022 also stated: "In recent years, with the public security organs' crackdown on cultural relics such as cultural relics and selling cultural relics, illegal personnel attempts to use normal auction procedures to use normal auction procedures to use normal auction procedures The legalization of illegal cultural relics has shifted his sight to the cultural relic auction industry, and the cultural relics market has become an important channel for sales. "

The former person in charge of the collection department of a large state -owned museum collection department also told the Economic Observer Network reporters that Zheng Qiang Bo and his father Ding did spread to the world before 1949, and did appear in the records of senior scholars. However, Li Yihai was going to get the two bronze in Yongle Qiuqiu, but it was not the "Zheng Qiang Bo Yan" and "Father Ding Ding" recorded in the records recorded in the records of seniors.

"The real 'Zheng Yan Bo Yi" was originally collected by Mr. Luo Zhenyu, a modern university. For his current collection, Mr. Wu Zhenzheng's "The Integrated and Image Integrated of the Shang Zhou Bronze" is written by' where the whereabouts are unknown. ' There are two Father Ding ', one is now in the Palace Museum of Taipei, and the other is' whereabouts are unknown'. Li Yhai's method is to go to other bronze wares that can be taken into these two unqualified journey. Records, engraved the inscriptions of 'Zheng Qiang Bo 鬲' and 'Uncle Father Ding "respectively, in order to impersonate' Zheng Qiang Bo Yan 'and' Uncle Father Ding" for auction. There are professionals who have some experience in the industry, and it is difficult to identify. However, they also made a low -level error. Mr. Wu Zhenzheng's "Integrated Integrity and Image Integration of Shang Zhou" No. 01624 was not 'Zheng Qiang Bo 鬲', but ' Bo Yu Ding '. "

This person also introduced, "In Chinese history, the collection and appreciation of bronze wares are royal, princes and nobles, big officials, and collegeists. , Zheng Xing Bo Yan, who was involved in the case, mentioned in his promotional article. From the beginning, I can hardly see the good bronze wares. But after 1949, our country has implemented a very strict cultural relics protection law. When there are many categories spreading and collecting in folk, there are very few collectors engaged in bronze collection. This market lacks 'players' and lacks 'hot money' participation, the price has not been fired -so we see that in China, in China, we see that in China, in China, we see that in China, in China, we see that in China, in China In the auction market, some modern calligraphy and painting works, the auction transaction price is 10 million yuan, which is quite common, and more than 100 million yuan has also appeared; and the bronze wares of legal auctions, including the three thousand years of history of the business and week, Most of the transaction prices are only one million yuan, and there are a lot of hundreds of thousands of yuan; those who exceed 10 million yuan are rare. Therefore, in the industry, we can collect and appreciate bronze in the industry. "

Other industries of the bronze collection appreciation also told the Economic Observer.com that the bronze ware with the highest transactions in Mainland China so far is the "Xi Jia disk". Xi Jiapan was written in the five years of Xuanwang of the Western Zhou Dynasty (823 BC). It was the old collection of the court of the Southern Song Dynasty.

In 2017, in the spring auction of Xiling Yinshe, Xijia plate was sold for 2127.5 million yuan (including commissions).

A century -old Xiling Yinhe Society, which is a leading position in the field of bronze auction in Mainland China, has held a number of bronze auction activities in recent years.

The data released by its official website over the years shows that in addition to the Xi La plate, most of the bronze wares in the weekly and weekly periods have indeed been between hundreds of thousands and millions of yuan.

I want to enter the state -owned enterprise iPhone14 prelude: agent's pressure of funds, the supply chain for long drought to wait for Apple Japan, to end

- END -