Chinese medicine "astragalus" goes to the question!Analysis of plant characteristics, medicinal functions, international trade and other angle analysis, experts comment on the comprehensive test papers of Shanghai High School Entrance Examination in 2022

On the afternoon of July 11, the comprehensive test subjects of the Shanghai Junior High School Level Examination in 2022 were successfully carried out. After the examination, the Municipal Education Examination Institute invited discipline experts to evaluate the comprehensive test papers.

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physics:

Based on curriculum standards, reflecting educating people

In 2022, the physical part of the comprehensive test papers of the Shanghai Junior High School Educational Level Examination Paper insists on comprehensively educating the orientation and the curriculum quality orientation. The overall structure of the test paper is reasonable, and it remains stable in terms of question type settings and text chart information. The test papers attach importance to the examination of the basic knowledge and basic ability of the discipline. The selection of the test questions is appropriate and the problem setting is reasonable, which helps to examine the ability of students to apply knowledge to solve problems. The test papers not only reflect the function of the junior high school level exam, but also play a good teaching orientation role.

1. Implement the people of Lide and give full play to the value of educating people

The test questions are widely selected around the actual life, engineering technology, and social hotspots related to physics. For example, the use of household appliances and the "freezing cracks" of outdoor water pipes in winter, which is based on the real situation in life, reflects the close relationship between physics and life; Another example is the Three Gorges Water Conservancy Project and the Shenzhou -carried manned spacecraft, which shows my country's great achievements in the field of science and technology. It not only reflects the important role of physics in promoting the development of scientific and technological development and the progress of human society. sense.

2. Implement the "double reduction" spirit and return to the origin of teaching

The test questions pay attention to the actual teaching practice, abandon complex operations, pay attention to the examination of basic concepts, and reflect the consistency of teaching, learning, and evaluation. For example, by analyzing the changes in the number of current representation, the connection method of the two basic circuits reflects the basic concepts of physics, basic basic concepts, basic basic concepts, basic concepts The importance of the law guides daily teaching to grasp the discipline foundation. Some test questions are derived from textbooks and supporting resources, guiding teachers to pay attention to the use of textbooks, as well as the reduction and quality of homework.

3. Focus on key abilities and emphasize the quality of thinking

The design of the test questions reflects the study of learning and strengthening key capabilities. For example, the reasons for analyzing the frozen cracked metal water pipes, examining the ability of students to analyze and explain life phenomena, and guide daily teaching to realize the transformation from "solving problems" to "solving problems". The test questions focus on the examination of the thinking process, emphasize the internalization and flexible application of physical methods. For example, the analysis of circuit failure shows the student's thinking process, the computing of pressure changes, the students' understanding of the essence of the problem, guide daily teaching from "heavy results" to "consequences" to "consequences" to "consequences" to "consequences" The transformation of the process.

Fourth, highlight the characteristics of literacy and promote student development

Test questions attach importance to the examination of non-text information processing capabilities such as charts and images, such as S-T images of uniform and straight-line motion, to examine the ability of students to obtain information from the image and further analyze the processing of processing. The test questions pay attention to the inspection of reasoning and the ability to reason and judge the ability, emphasize the awareness of evidence in the process of forming a conclusion, such as the experiment of determining the power of small light bulbs, examining the comprehensive ability of student analysis, judgment, and expression. Require.

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Chemical:

Based on literacy orientation to achieve evaluation and educating people

The comprehensive test chemistry part of Shanghai Junior High School Level Examination is based on the "Shanghai Municipal Middle School Chemistry Curriculum Standards" as the basis to implement the fundamental task of Lindu people based on literacy orientation. The structure of the test papers remains stable and difficult to be difficult, which not only continues the style of previous years, but also has no shortage of innovation. The test paper focuses on checking the basic knowledge while highlighting the ability orientation, penetrating the core literacy such as chemical concepts, scientific thinking, and scientific inquiry, and realizes evaluation and educating people.

1. Focus on the foundation and highlight the concept of discipline

The test questions focus on the examination of the basic knowledge of chemistry, and the content of the content covers the composition and structure, the nature and application of common substances, the application of the common matter, the chemical reactions, and the laws of junior high school students must be necessary. Test questions focus on the combination of social production and life, such as the formation of sour rain and the purification of water, so that students will feel the value of chemical discipline while the basic knowledge of the application of chemistry is solved, and it will form a material concept, conservation concept, and change of change. Concept.

Second, emphasis on the situation, reflect the solution of the problem

The test questions focus on creating a real problem situation. It not only sets up experimental situations such as gas production and material inspection, but also designs the principles of acid -antichen agents and incineration of dry garbage for life situations such as power generation. For example, the cutting into the classroom experiments from hydrogen peroxide decomposition to take oxygen, and guide students to extract, integrate, and analyze effective information based on real experimental situations and image data, to draw conclusions, and examine students' ability to solve practical problems in real situations.

Third, heavy process, pay attention to scientific thinking

The test questions follow the overall understanding of students 'overall understanding of the experimental process, set up processing and summary issues, examine the students' thinking ability based on the facts such as analysis, comprehensiveness, and induction. For example, the separation and purity of substances, the measurement of the content of carbon elements, etc., gradually guide students to clarify the experimental purpose, understand the experimental principles, analyze the experimental process, and draw the experimental conclusions through step -by -step questions.

Fourth, focus on tradition, show cultural self -confidence

The test questions are based on ancient chemical achievements in my country, such as quoting the relevant chemical knowledge recorded by ancient books such as "Shen Nong's Materia Medica", "Thousands of Gold Wings" and "Tiantong Kaiwan" to show the early understanding and utilization of some crystalline aquatic people in the labor people in my country. And the classification of material, material changes, metal activity and other disciplines cleverly integrated, which helps students feel the wisdom of ancient Chinese labor people, enhance national pride, and reflect the value orientation of discipline education.

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Analysis of interdisciplinary cases:

Rong traditional culture, follow the process of thinking, and focus on the ability of discipline

In 2022, the inter -disciplinary case analysis part of the Shanghai Junior High School Educational Level Examination was used to create real situations to examine students' information extraction and processing, problem analysis and questioning, conclusion interpretation and innovation capabilities, and meet the requirements of Shanghai Middle School Geographical and Life Science Curriculum standards. The test paper structure is stable as a whole, focusing on examining the ability of students' interdisciplinary problems, implementing the fundamental tasks of Lindu people, and a good guiding role in disciplinary teaching. 1. Based on the real situation and promote the traditional Chinese culture

The situation as an important carrier of the test questions not only helps to examine the solution of students' problems, but also give play to the value of moral education in the discipline. The case is based on the traditional Chinese medicinal materials of Chinese traditional Chinese medicinal materials. Through concise text, clear pictures, rich data, etc., it presents a three -dimensional, multi -dimensional astragalus "image", including the characteristics of the astragalus plant, the main origin, the medicine, and the medicine. Effective functions, planting methods, international trade, etc. In the process of solving the problem, students can understand the important value of traditional Chinese medicine in modern social life, experience the long history of my country's excellent traditional culture, enhance cultural self -confidence, and cultivate patriotism.

2. Follow the logic of questioning and highlight the process of cognitive thinking

The test questions are based on the thinking process between students' cognitive biological and environment, and the architecture sets the logic of questioning. This kind of kernel with question logic reflects the connection between the "scientific inquiry" of life science and the "practical experience" of geography. The test questions will establish a logical relationship such as the growth environment of wild astragalus, the characteristics of the astragalus plant, the content of the astragalus medicine, the function of the astragalus medicine, and the method of artificial science. Complex, from phenomenon to essential thinking process.

3. Focus on the core concept and pay attention to the integration between disciplines

Mastering the core concept of the discipline is a necessary basis for solving the problem interdisciplinary. Test questions Focus on the geographical characteristics of the main producing areas of astragalus, the functions of each organ of the Astragalus plant, the effects of the efficacy in astragalus roots in human health, and the choice of the method of foreign trade and transportation. The reason is that during the problem -solving process, the concept of natural geographical conditions on the impact of astragalus growth and the impact of astragalus growth on the production of drug -effective ingredients can be performed and integrated.

Fourth, pay attention to the problem solving, guide the practice of discipline teaching

The comprehensive and application characteristics of real problems require students to not only call the core concepts of each discipline when solving problems, but also make full use of interdisciplinary capabilities for analysis and interpretation.试题聚焦科学种植黄芪时所需考虑因素这一真实问题，要求学生提取与处理黄芪连年种植方式弊端的相关信息，分析植物生长对环境的适应性，提出建议和方案，引导学生经历综合运用地理与The process of life sciences solve the process of real problems and implement the examination of cross -disciplinary capabilities.

In the course of the teaching process of the subject, the test questions should pay attention to the understanding and application of the core concept, and cultivate students' cross -disciplinary ability based on real problems.

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Edit: Zhang Peng

Editor in charge: Jiang Peng

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*Wenhui exclusive manuscript, please indicate the source for reprinting.

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