What is more cost -effective to see the kind of grain continuously

Zhuzhou Daily All Media Reporter/Wang Jun Correspondent/Sun Jian Yin Zhao

Glossary

Drought grains, that is, the miscellaneous grains and coarse grains that were used to the past, including corn, sorghum, soybeans, sweet potatoes, etc.

Attractive

The Northern Wei Dynasty's "Qi Min Yao Shu" records that "Gutian must be easy to get easy", "hemp is good to be good, no hometown", "Fan Gutian, mung bean, small beans bottom, hemp, crickets, and hemps. Soybean is "below"; starting from the Western Han Dynasty, rotation planting has been continued.

It can be seen that the rotation between different crops can effectively reduce the occurrence of pests and insect pests and improve the quality and quality of grain production.

Zhuzhou, a large market, also continued to ask for food from dry land. In recent years, through stabilizing the drought of rice in the area of ​​rice, optimizing the rotation model to improve the safety utilization rate of cultivated land, and vigorously promoted the "rice potato", "double season silage corn", "corn -soybean band -shaped", "soybean oil rotation" and other models. Significantly. According to survey statistics, this year the city has implemented a total of 210,000 acres of dry grain planting, mainly including corn, soybeans, sorghum, sweet potatoes, etc. More and more dry grain crops have opened a new situation of increased agricultural production and efficiency. "Zhuzhou Mountains, low -tech hills and other dry land resources are abundant, and the development of dry grain crops has innate advantages." The relevant person in charge of the Municipal Agricultural and Rural Bureau believes that stabilizing food production and promoting farmers' income, its growth points and breakthroughs are in dry food.

Looking at the dry grain, what is more cost -effective? In the past few days, the reporter walked into the field and listened to the voice of growers and agricultural technical experts.

Watching point 1 rice potato mode: double season rice+winter potato

[See you] Three years of cooked, activate "winter idle fields"

At the end of April, Sanpu Village, Pukou Town, Puling City, Puyuan Planting Farmers' Professional Cooperatives ushered in a new season of harvest.

The potato planting base, the stems and leaves on the ground gradually changed from green to yellow, and the farmers turned the potato to the potato to turn the mud and sort it. "Big fist, can't run half a catty." Huang Jianming, the head of the farmers' professional cooperative of Puyuan Planting, weighed the potatoes in his hand, showing a satisfactory smile.

In the first time I planted winter potatoes, Huang Jianming did not bottom out until the experts from Hunan Agricultural University reported on -site production data: 2063 kilograms per mu. According to the 5: 1 grain rate, it was equivalent to 520.6 kg of food. Take a picture of the busy scene and share joy in the WeChat circle of friends.

Puyuan planting farmers' professional cooperatives were established in 2013. They are mainly planting vegetables and rice. They are the leading enterprises of vegetable industrialization in our city. In the past, the cooperatives walked "two legs", and food and vegetables did not intersection. However, after the late rice was harvested, the rice fields had to be idle from the end of autumn to early summer.

The potatoes specified by Huang Jianming (female) (pictures of this group were taken by reporter Wang Jun)

The turnaround appeared in 2020. At this time, Huang Jianming was already one of Liling City, one of the first batch of special agricultural technicians in Liling, a science and technology rich female expert, Puyuan Cooperative and Hunan Provincial Institute of Vegetable Research, Agricultural Products Processing Research, and Hunan Agricultural University carried out production, university, research and technology cooperation, and became "Flexionial Fine Lingxia. "Huang Jianming and experts in the province established a deep connection.

"The spring harvest of the winter species, make full use of winter leisure fields, and do not compete with rice." Professor of Hunan Agricultural University made suggestions to Huang Jianming.

After some study and research, Huang Jianming was put into practice. After the harvest of last year, she opened the rice fields to grow and plant potato seeds. "Sowing at the end of October, the harvest of the next April and May, just made up the 'empty window period'." Huang Jianming first tested 50 acres of land and was unwilling to take too much risk.

Good things for planting. At the end of February, low temperature rain and snow continued, and potatoes with tender green leaves appeared to varying degrees of frostbite. Experts from Hunan Agricultural University came again to guide Huang Jianming to clear frostbite leaves in time, apply organic fertilizer, and carry out self -rescue. The potato who survived it finally surprised the growers.

"The turn of spring and summer is the high price of potatoes, and the wholesale price per kilogram reaches about 4 yuan." Relying on the sales channels built by the vegetable base, Huang Jianming called the dealer's phone and sent the harvest potato into the Shangchao.

She calculated a account for reporters, planting a acre of potato hair at about 8,000 yuan, deducting the costs of seeds, fertilizers, and artificially. The net profit per acre exceeded 2,000 yuan, which is more profitable than the rice breeding rice.

The bigger advantage is that this "double season rice+winter potato" rotation model of three years of cooked year, make full use of different light, heat, water and other resources to meet the corresponding growth needs of different crops, which can effectively alleviate it. Fields are connected as obstacles to improve the soil environment and reduce the occurrence of pests and insect pests.

The success of potato trials has become a useful attempt to ensure the safety of food safety and promote the development of characteristic industries. In this regard, the city promotes potato cultivation by implementing soil measurement formula fertilization and agricultural technical guidance to achieve efficient use of winter idle farmland.

Right now, rice seedlings have grown in the farmland of Puyuan planting farmers' professional cooperatives. Huang Jianming calculated that after the autumn rice was harvested, potato planting should expand the surface to maximize the benefits of the "rice potato model".

[Expert Comments] Ding Qiufan, a webmaster and senior agronomist at Fuling City:

Affected by the constraints and planting benefits of cultivated land, the space for continued incremental production to increase production has become smaller and more difficult.

The "rice potato mode" of double -season rice+winter potatoes, on the one hand, effectively uses the advantages of local climate, geography and other conditions to allow farmers to produce the greatest benefits and harvest more food. Winter idle fields, the listing of peaks with the north has seized the price advantage. In fact, as early as 2015, my country started the potato main grain strategy. Potato was listed as the fourth largest main grain crop in my country after rice, wheat, and corn. However, in the Zhuzhou area, potato planting is still sporadic distribution, with a total planting area of ​​less than 20,000 acres, so it has huge development potential.

Views 2 Double Season Silage Model: Spring Corn+Autumn Corn

[See you] Structure adjustment, call out the "getting rich"

On June 7, the green corn seedlings stood up in the fields in Biwu Village, Ningjiaping Town, You County, and layers of waves in the wind.

Ding Jianbing, the person in charge of Youxian Vegetable Kang Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., pulled the fat leaves to look growing, and was surpassed by corn seedlings. "The maximum can grow to about 3 meters." Ding Jianbing counted the day, and the seeds were broadcast on March 15th. The corn grew 1.8 meters within 3 months, making people "can't find the north" as soon as they entered the base.

Plants are tall and rapidly growing, which is a significant feature of silage corn. Different from the traditional edible corn, silage can get more stems and leaves in the short term, and it can be preserved for a long time to be preserved to solve the problem of lack of green green feed in winter and spring. It can plant two seasons a year, and the growth cycle of each season is about 105 days.

Ding Jianbing (right) View the growth of silage corn

However, such an advantageous variety was originally a choice that was "forced".

In 2017, the planting structure was adjusted quickly in various counties and cities, and a group of farmland needed a rotation recreation. There are more than 9,000 acres of water fields in Ningjiaping Town, Youxian County, which is one of the key areas.

Ding Jianbing, a small and famous vegetable planting in the local area, became the best candidate. But what can you grow without planting rice? Ding Jianbing had no idea for a while.

After discussing with his wife, Ding Jianbing opened a two -month field inspection path, went to 13 provinces to inspect, and finally chose silage corn. Then, he handed the feasibility report to the experts of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and asked them to make an evaluation, and finally received a positive answer.

"Low input, only 800 yuan per acre; suitable for mechanization, can be replaced by machines from seeding, fertilization, harvesting and other links to reduce labor costs; unless special natural disasters are encountered, there are generally three output per acre. Four tons. "Based on these factors, Ding Jianbing decided to let go.

The local government also gives support. The town and village cadres walked in the village to hold the households to patiently persuade the villagers to transfer the land that their own cultivation was unable to cultivate and eliminate the phenomenon of cultivated land; Guide villagers to entrust the cultivated land to cooperatives and implement unified operations. Great structure adjustment; build a platform with the main body of the company, use large -scale and mechanized as a means, reduce the area of ​​rice planting in ordinary varieties, and promote the planting of silage.

Soon, Ding Jianbing started the first batch of 6013 acres of silage corn planting. At the same time, the company also invested tens of millions of yuan to purchase equipment such as integrated farming and broadcasting machines, diseases and insect control machines, combined harvesting machines, bundle machines, etc. to achieve machine substitutions.

When the first batch of silage corn is harvested, Ding Jianbing is overjoyed: the net profit per acre exceeds 400 yuan, which is more cost -effective than planting rice. "On average, it can process 20,000 tons of silage feed per year, realize the annual output value of 12 million yuan, and the profit is nearly 1 million yuan." He said proudly that the structure of the structure would come out.

In fact, the planting of silage corn is not smooth. The previous year, a foreign invasive species named Grass Corrupted Night Moth attacked cornfields and specially picked tender leaves to eat. In this campaign of "insects and grains", the local agricultural department quickly assembled forces to guide the medication on the spot to eliminate the pests and eliminate pests. In the bud state.

In the past two years, due to the impact of the epidemic, the export channels for silage feed have narrowed. The company has decisively touched the net, built an e -commerce sales platform, signed a production and marketing agreement with companies such as the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta and other places to sell products to more than 10 provinces in China.

In another month, Spring Silage Corn will usher in harvest, and the total planting area will reach 30,000 acres in the two seasons. "According to the current market, it will be a bumper year." He said with a smile.

[Expert Comments] Li Jinglei, deputy director of Youxian Agricultural Office:

Since implementing the national planting structure adjustment policy, Ningjiaping Town has changed the original single rice planting model, calling on villagers to plant silage corn in large areas. This silage corn has the characteristics of high biological yield, good fiber quality, and good green compared to ordinary corn, and is suitable for making silage.

Planting silage corn can improve the soil and prevent soil boarding, and the benefits produced can reach two to three times that of rice breeding rice. In addition, compared with the corn collection corn in silage, there are less buds, buds, dry stalks, drying, and handling. Infinite, it not only solves the problem of high -quality forage in the farm, but also promotes the implementation of straw baying work, and reduces environmental pollution caused by straw incineration.

Views 3 Soy oil rotation mode: soybean+rapeseed

[See you] "Bean" is ascending, and grows into the field "top flow"

On June 12, a new round of rainfall came again, soaked the land.

In the Songjiazhou community of Lianxing Street, Youxian County, Picong Wei, the head of the Wanfeng Ecological Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., looking at the gloomy sky, and returned to the office again: "Dian Doudou Plan is soaked again." It directly affects soybean production. Under normal circumstances, soybeans must be planted from the end of May to early June, but this year's rainy weather is frequent. Even if the seeds are down to the ground, it is easy to rot in the humid soil and cannot grow seedlings. Hurry up, the company's 500 acres of seeding plan is only two -fifth.

Soybean planting is a masterpiece of dry grain work in our city in recent years. In Youxian alone, there are about 60,000 acres of soybean raw material supply bases. 80 large households and professional cooperatives participating in soybean planting have reached 215 kg per mu.

Green soybean seedlings grow in the field

The enthusiasm of growers is derived from the rapid development of Youxian's tofu industry. According to statistics, there are more than 400 tofu (fragrant) enterprises and workshops in Youxian County. The industrial realization has changed from workshops -type production to enterprise -oriented operations. There are 14 enterprises with daily processing tofu in addition to 3 tons. There are 6 enterprises, 13 unique industrial parks at or above the county level, 50 registered trademarks, and 33 companies applying for certificates.

With industrial support, Pi Zongwei firmly chose soybean planting. In 2018, Youxian advocated "changing drought" and "breathing" for cultivated land. Pi Zongwei, who transferred the scale of rice in the scale of 1,700 acres of land, decided to take out a part of the land to plant soybeans.

In the first season, the soybean was collected, and the yield per mu reached 200 kilograms. According to the market acquisition price of 7 yuan per kilogram, the pure profit of one mu of soybeans was nearly 500 yuan. "Compared to planting rice, soybean artificial costs are cultivated, and they are suitable for drought planting. The land rent is lower." Pi Zongwei broke the planting plan and increased the proportion of big beans.

What made him full of confidence was that soybeans were almost worried about the road. "90%of the raw materials in Youxian soybean products need to be imported." Pi Zongwei signed a production and marketing agreement with the soy product processing enterprise in the county to smoothly open up sales channels.

However, in the third year, the disadvantages of soybeans were reflected, and the output dropped directly from 200 kg to 100 kg. Pi Zongwei invited the agricultural technical experts to the pulse, and the conclusion was that soybeans for more than two consecutive years would lead to a reduction in soil activity and more pests.

After eating a long and one wisdom, after the autumn harvest last year, Pi Zongwei planted rapeseed on the land. The growth period of rapeseed is from the end of October to April of the following year. The soybean grows in the long run, and a stubble of rapeseed can increase the income of about 200 yuan.

Soy oil rotation, the problem is solved. Today, the company has signed an agreement with farmers to provide seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, etc., driving the surrounding farmers to develop soybean planting, and acquisitions in accordance with the bottom price, which helps the soybean industry to grow into the field.

[Expert Comments] Tang Zhongxing, senior agronomist at the Municipal Agricultural and Rural Bureau:

Soy and soy products are the main sources of high -quality plant protein. Soybeans occupy an important position in my country's food security, especially in the context of the rapid development of my country's economic and social development and the accelerated upgrading of residents' consumption structure. Soy oil production and supply is increasing "And" meat plate ".

In order to support the expansion of soybean and oil production in various places, starting this year, the National Development and Reform Commission has combined with high -standard farmland construction funds to support the construction of soy oil production bases in some areas. Zhuzhou's development of soybean oil rotation model has good industrial chain support, and the local market demand is large and the demonstration is strong, which will undoubtedly become a highlight of farmers' income and agricultural efficiency.

Views 4 Corn Soybean -shaped Composite Planting Model: Corn+Soybean

[See you] Strong and strong, double -handed one place

On June 9th, the roar of the cultivated land machine broke the silent field on Jixi Village, Yantang Town, Chaling County. After the land was trenching, the seeds were broadcast into the land.

Said Corn and Soybean -shaped Composite Planting Scenes

Luo Hailin, head of the professional cooperatives of Yantang Hailin Farmers 'Farmers' Society of Yantang Hailin, followed the machine to check the on -demand situation to ensure that each seed was uniformly implemented.

This year, the cooperative took out 400 acres of land and tried corn and soybean -shaped composite planting for the first time. For this model, the local farmers look fresh: Luo Hailin loves to think about it. Others are decentralizing farming, and he has traded the land and cultivated in scale. After the scale of others, he led the establishment of a cooperative to add new agricultural machinery and test new varieties.

Corn and soybean band -shaped composite planting is a improvement and upgrading of traditional species. This model uses soybean belts and corn bands as seeding. The plant edge effect is used to increase the density of corn planting to achieve crop symbiosis and double -season.

Luo Hailin determined that one acre of land was "changed" into two acres, and one acre of soybean was produced. According to the output and market conditions, the output of more than 600 yuan per acre, and then planted the planting cost. The net income per acre would definitely exceed 2,000 yuan.

Prior to this, he only planted fruit corn with a total area of ​​1,400 acres. Fruit corn has a high output, and the price is between 2 yuan and 4 yuan per kilogram. The net profit of the corn alone is 2,000 yuan. Now it is added with a soybean income.

Luo Hailin has two rows of corn and three lines of soybeans in order to maximize the use of land space and increase the yield per mu. "The yield of corn per mu is not reduced. To achieve at least the same number of trees, there must be enough space to give soybeans. The demand for fertilization is different. More fine, "Luo Hailin said.

To this end, he also inspected many places. A professional agricultural machinery suitable for sowing requirements must be accurate to centimeter. "If it is manually operated, it is difficult to grasp the dense planting and the spacing, and the deviation is too much. Fertilization and light will affect crop growth." He said. In order to ensure the effect of corn -soybean band -shaped composite planting, Chaling County organized corn -soybean strap -shaped composite planting demonstration site meeting, distributed technology to understand paper, and organized technicians to go to the field to guide Planting farmers.

"Everyone watched the new law, and I would use the results to prove my choice." Luo Hailin looked forward to it, if the corn -soybean bean -shaped composite planting model will further expand the scale next year.

[Expert Comments] Sun Jian, Chief of the Management Section of the Planting Industry of the Municipal Agricultural and Rural Bureau:

Corn and soybean band -shaped composite planting, integrated key technologies such as variety matching, expanding reduction, nutritional control, reduction of fertilization, green prevention and control, closure and weeding, machine broadcasting, etc. Trinity has opened up new technical paths for expanding soybean planting and increasing corn production.

At the same time, this model is also conducive to the mechanization advantage, while further increasing the average per mu of production while ensuring the density of planting.

Source: Zhuzhou Daily

Review: Luo Xiaoling

Edit: Chen Chen

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