There is a cholera case in Wuhan University!Why is it called one of the "ultimate big devils" of infectious diseases?
Author:Look at the think tank Time:2022.07.11
This article comes from the WeChat public account "Dachengwuchang" (ID: dochengwuchang). The original first published on July 11, 2022. The original title was "Notice on the Treatment of a Cases of Choishe University in Wuhan University", which did not represent the viewpoint of looking at the think tank.
On the evening of July 9, the Wuchang District Disease Control Center received a report from the hospital that a case of infectious diarrhea occurred in Wuhan University, mainly vomiting and diarrhea, accompanied by low heat, and serum science condensation test was O139 positive. After reviewing the provincial and municipal third -level disease control centers, the serum science condensation test of this case is O139 positive, diagnosed with cholera, and the toxic gene is negative. Patients have been effectively diagnosed and treated, their condition has been controlled, and symptoms have disappeared. Our bureau has organized professional institutions for sampling detection and tracking management of relevant personnel, and temporarily closed control management and disinfection disposal of related places. No new cases are found.
Choib is a kind of intestinal infectious disease that can be effectively prevented and treated. Our bureau has instructed Wuhan University to do a good job in the healthy publicity and education work of the majority of teachers and students in summer intestinal infectious diseases, and ask the school to strengthen campus environmental management. Citizens are requested to pay attention to personal hygiene, do a good job of self -health monitoring, do not believe in rumors, and do not spread rumors.
Wuchang District Health and Health Bureau
July 11, 2022
Further reading:
The World Great Plague Revelation 丨 cholera: The old plague that should not be forgotten
Many people know the terrible infectious disease of cholera through "Love in the Chilent".
Book critics say that love, like cholera, spread quickly, spreads for a long time, and is difficult to cure. No matter what skin tone and origin of people, the cholera suddenly spreads, and it is difficult to count the life.
It is one of the two "ultimate big devils" of human infectious diseases -one of Class A infectious diseases. The other is the plague.
So far, there have been seven global popularity in cholera, known as "one of the most terrible plagues that destroy the earth."
Text | Science and Technology Daily reporter Xiu Yingying
This article is reproduced from the WeChat public account "Science and Technology Daily" (ID: KJRBWX). The original first was released on June 19, 2020. The original title is "The World Great Plague Revelation 丨 cholera: the old plague that should not be forgotten", does not mean watching the lookup Think tank viewpoint.
1
The "” 年 theory "that has been prevailing for many years
For a long time, people couldn't figure out what kind of disease is cholera.
At the beginning, some Indians suddenly had symptoms of diarrhea that had endless diarrhea, and they couldn't cure any medicine. Even more terrible is that people find similar symptoms to people who are closely in contact with patients. As more and more people are sick, people are beginning to realize that this is a serious infectious disease.
People with infected diseases will have amazing diarrhea, severe dehydration, and have a large amount of sodium ions and electrolyte loss. The severe nausea and vomiting make it extremely difficult for patients to drink water, and dehydration can also cause spasm and pain in limbs.
Before the 19th century, due to the closed geographical environment and poor land roads, cholera has long been only a local disease in the Ganges Delta. Until the rise of colonialism and world trade, fatal germs flowed out of India, which caused the first unavoidable popularity.
In 1817, the Ganges flooded, and the cholera quickly became popular in the lower reaches of the Ganges. Later, it affected the entire Indian continent and spread to Bangkok, Thailand and the Philippines. In 1821, it was introduced to the southeast coast of my country and raged throughout Asia.
This is the first time in the world of cholera.
Less than 20 years since then, cholera has become "the most scary and most striking 19th -century world disease." By more than a hundred years in 1923, 6 cholera was popular, and losses caused difficulties.
The reason why cholera has come again and again is related to the failure of people for a long time.
Until the 19th century, Europeans faced unknown diseases and argued on their "contagious". At that time, the mainstream view was "theory of radonism" and believed that cholera was spread by air. "Theory of“ "has a history of more than 2,000 years. Starting from ancient Greece in the 3rd century BC, people know that the air will spread virus, and some smell can cause death.
At that time, the European people generally supported the "radonism."
Taking the United Kingdom as an example, in addition to the mainstream medical community, those who support this point include the editor of "Liu Ye Dao", the founder of modern nursing, and Queen Victoria.
Although Newton's mechanics theory at that time had become the scientific enlightenment of the public, in terms of cognition of medicine and physiology, the mid -19th century was obscure.
Ignorance and cholera are equally terrible.
2
Dr. Snow's "Death Map"
The hope of seeing the cholera first came from a British doctor- "Detective" John Snow.
In 1854, there was a majority of cholera in London, England. The rich rushed to escape from London. The poor could only pray in despair.
Snow has different views on "theory of radonism", and he believes that cholera should be spread by contaminated water. His idea stems from a simple judgment -if the cholera is transmitted through air, then the part of the disease should be the lung instead of the intestine.
In order to trace the epidemic, Snow began to record the number of deaths daily and the number of patients, and marked the address of the death patients on the map one by one. After analysis, he found that all death cases occurred in a place called Kuanjie.
What confused him was that the nearby influence home and beer factory seemed to be magical, and almost no one died. So Snow visited every local family, and finally locked the "murderer" in a public water well on Kuanjie. Later, he learned that the Elephant Institute and the Beer Factory had their own independent wells, and the workers of the beer factory usually only drank beer and did not drink water, so no one in the factory was infected with cholera. In order to further confirm his inference, Snow continued to follow up the case of death near the well well near the water well in the map, and found that most of the deceased was drinking wide streets all year round.
At this point, all the mysteries have been solved, and the medium that truly spread the cholera is water. Snow will report to the London government. The government listened to the proposal to seal the water well and the number of diseases has decreased significantly.
Snow investigated and tightly inferentially opened the precedent of "epidemiology" in medical history. Nowadays, medical geography and infectious science will draw maps as a basic research method, which has a lot to do with Snow.
However, because the "radonism" was too deep at that time, and Snow did not find more direct evidence, so his theory still did not attract enough attention, and was not accepted by the mainstream medical community and the public.
In fact, when Snow analyzed his data in London, Italian anatomist Felipo Pazini discovered the Huroevilla for the first time. Attention.
3
Koch's "comma"
The understanding of the disease is in -depth in doubt and confirmation.
18 years later, the founder of the pathogenic bacterial science and German scientist Robert Koch encountered the same destiny as Snow. The great achievements of "the first time from the feces from the feces, and the choice of the cholera", which was remembered by history, was also faced with different voices at the time.
In June 1883, the fifth worldwide cholera attacked Egypt, and the Egyptian government asked for help in France and Germany, which dominates the world's leading position in microbiology and bacterial research, and immediately sent a medical group.
The German medical group was led by Koch. In the Greek hospital, Koch's medical group conducted bacterial research on 12 cholera patients and 10 deceased, and found that the dead intestinal mucosa had a special bacteria. A few years ago, Koch also observed a large number of bacteria from the intestines sent by India to some of the cholera.
He thought, maybe this is the germs related to cholera, but it cannot be verified because he cannot take a person's life to do experiments. Soon, Egypt's cholera slowly calmed down, and Koch led the group to the cholera that was still popular in Kolkata.
There, Koch studied problems such as soil, water, air, and popularity, and the characteristics of residents, and carried out bacterial cultivation. In January 1884, he declared that the pure cultivation of bacteria was successful, and the bacteria found in the autopsy were the same as what they saw in Egypt, but they could not be found in healthy people.
Subsequently, Corch officially reported that this type of bacteria is not as long as other bacteria. It is "a little bent, like a comma", breeding on the humid or dirty flax or wet soil. The solution is very sensitive.
The Koch group studied a total of 40 cholera patients in the cholera pop area and dissected the body of 52 deceased deceased. He concluded that "no healthy person would be stained with cholera, unless he swallowed the cholera ","
But some people disdain this. In June 1884, Britain specially organized a group to go to Kolkata to check the "discovery" of Koch, and the report written after returning directly denied the assertion of Koch.
In order to deny the theory of Koch, who was ridiculed by him as "enthusiastically hunting comma", German health scientist Peich Kepo even performed a life -threatening experiment on himself to test the bacteria.
Peto Koshow did not stain the cholera because of this. He only suffered from intestinal mucositis on the third day after the experiment. But what he didn't know was that the reason why he did not suffer from severe cholera was because when he took the cholera culture to Cach, Koch guessed his intention and intentionally diluted many times, the toxicity had weakened to the pole cholera The culture was given to him.
Poto Kosh is just the representative of "testing the bacteria". Some medical historians have performed statistics and used cholera culture to do autologous tests. There are only 40 people who record them. These experiments have greatly promoted the study of cholera.
4
Clean water and vaccine help to compete with cholera
The efforts of Snow, Corch, and others have started the journey of scientific confrontation.
The epidemiology of Snow's "Map of Death" has become the basis for preventing medicine in the future, and the public health concept born from the epidemic and the public health movement caused by it has promoted the pace of public health in Europe and the world.
A series of comprehensive measures such as the patriotic health campaign carried out in the early days of the founding of New China, such as changing water and toilet, and toilet, and other comprehensive measures, in a short period of time, made the classic cholera that had been popular in my country for a long time.
In the early 1960s, after the seventh cholera was introduced to our country, my country strengthened the construction of professional teams and monitoring systems in China. In response to the occurrence and popularity of cholera, the Party Central Committee and the State Council have repeatedly explicitly instructed. The State Council had a special meeting for this, and issued documents in the name of the State Council in 1981 to clearly propose the principles of the choice of "both the symptoms and the root cause". Monitoring and prevention work. Since the 21st century, China's cholera epidemic has been very rare.
At the same time, the successful separation of cholera and the possibility of the development of vaccines. In 1885, Spain's Ferry injected the cultivation of choleculinism to the human body and became the beginning of the human body injection of vaccine. In 1896, the German examination came to heat the choleramia after heating, and made a fungus seedlings, and was successful when it was popular in Japan in 1902 and succeeded.
After that, the Russian Havke Euna began clinical trials of cholera vaccines in India. In the 1920s, India conducted large -scale clinical trials. In the following years, the number of inoccles was as high as 3 million.
In 2004, the launch of the new oral choice vaccine developed by China has greatly reduced costs and side effects, and has become a recommended medication for the World Health Organization. It has been promoted in poor areas such as Africa.
In recent years, a series of cholera epidemics that have outbreaks across Africa have prompted the local area of the largest cholera vaccination campaign in history. A total of more than 2 million people in Africa accepted oral choice vaccines.
At present, the treatment system for oral tonic, venous infusion and antibiotics can effectively cure cholera patients, and the mortality rate can be controlled below 1%. The phantom of the most terrifying infectious diseases in history has gradually hidden from life, but the scientific research efforts made by humans should not be forgotten.
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