[History and Culture] Sima Xiangru and Bashu's history of history of the history of the history of the history of the history of the history of Bashu

This article contains "Bashu History", No. 1, 2021

Sima Xiangru and Bashu History Document Circuit Test

Zhiyu

Sima Xiangru, the Shu people, galloping ancient and modern times with his grand text, which is admired by literati scholars in the past. The Eastern Han Dynasty and Liang Liu Ye of the Southern Dynasty called it "Ci Zong", the Wang Yinglin of the Song Dynasty and Wang Shizhen of the Ming Dynasty called it "Fu Sheng", and Shao Bo in the Song Dynasty called it "article ancestor". It is called "the two Sima of the Western Han Dynasty" with the Han Dynasty historian Sima Qian. However, the world knows that Sima Xiangru is the male and the heroes of the literary world. He has a deep historical characteristics and writes historical works, including the earliest Bashu local history "Shu Benji", which is the early historian in the Bashu area. His historical works even have the creation of the historian practitioners of descendants. At the same time, due to the inherent origin of the Han Dynasty and the local history of the local history, Sima Xiangru's works also provided historical documents for later Sichuan compilation of local chronicle.

Sima Xiangru wrote the history of Bashu

Regarding Sima Xiangru's writings, the survivors are only scattered in the book "Historical Records" and "Han Book", and in literature such as "Selected" and "Ancient Wensuan". "Wenyuan Collection" ("Siku Quanshu" "Sima Xiangru") 1 volume, a total of 6 articles, 2 books, 1 Fate, 1 檄 1, 1 difficult, 1 piece, song 2 song 2, 2 songs 2 head. In addition, "Li Fu" only survived Liu Yan's "Wei Du Fu" to quote the four words "唰 La Qi". More than 60 words. Sima Xiangru's rest of the book is only stored, such as "Historical Records", which refers to "what he is like him, if the" Book of Herita "," Difficulty with the Five Sons ", and" Herosu "are not collected." "Han Book • Yi Wen Zhi" miscellaneous family records Sima Xiangru and other five articles "Jing Jing theory", the same book "Xing Xing Biography" also records the ancestral temple of Emperor Hanwu, making Sima Xiangru and other poems. Although the "Historical Records" records that Sima Xiangru died, Emperor Hanwu sent the doctor to his family loyalty to his family, asking his suicide note to Yu Wife, and only obtained 1 volume of "Feng Zen Book".

From the "Sima Wenyuan Collection", Sima Xiangru could not be seen about history, so Zhang Ye pointed out "History" ("The Hundred Three Collection of the Han and Wei Six Dynasties"); in fact Otherwise, through the sorting out of the handed down literature, you can see that Sima Xiangru has at least three historical works. Among them, Sima Xiangru's book "Jing Jing theory" recorded by Sima Xiangru, which is recorded in "Hanshu • Yi Wen Zhi", is related to Bashu area.

(1) Sima Xiangru may write the earliest Bashu local history "Shu Benji"

In the Jin Dynasty, Chang Yan mentioned in "Huayang Guockenda · Preface" that Bashu was far from the Central Plains and has a long history. Therefore, the historical books of Bashu are not passed down. On this issue, there are Bashu history. Among them, Sima Xiangru, Yan Zun, Yang Xiong, Yang Chengzi, Zheng Yan, Yin Gong, Ying Zhou, Ren Xi, etc. Such as, Yan Junping, Yangzi Yun, Yang Chengzi Xuan, Zheng Boyi, Yin Pengcheng, 谯 如 如, letting the matter, etc., the biographies of each episode are used as "Benji", and they are slightly linked. " )

Sima Xiangru wrote "Shu Benji", which was often recorded in "Huayang National Chronicles". In the Biography of "Historical Records" and "Hanshu", and "Hanshu • Yi Wen Zhi" was not recorded, there were no relevant records and quotations in the works of the two Han and Wei and Jin dynasties. Of course, it is arbitrary to judge whether Sima Xiangru wrote the historical work of "Shu Benji". After all, "Historical Records" and "Hanshu" biography, due to the restrictions of the history of the history, can only be listed on Sima Xiangru. At the same time, the writings of Sima Xiangru in "Hanshu • Yi Wen Zhi" did not all record. Emperor Liang Yuan, Xiao Yi, burned more than 100,000 books from the Jiangling Institute, and most of them were destroyed by the Han and Wei dynasties. There was no record and quotation of Sima Xiangru in the "Shu Benji" in the handed down literature.

Sima Xiang, Peng'an County, as his hometown Limen (Photo by Guo Anping, Picture Source: Nanchong Daily)

Mr. Ren Naiqiang, a contemporary historian, inspected Sima Xiangru's existence and pointed out: "It is like a blog, knowing the land of Shu Due; Shi Tong Tong was the county and county, and it was eager to stop in Hanxing. 'This is what Sima Qian has not yet reached. As well as its "Shanglin Fu", there are' Shu Shi Huang Yue, Shui Yulei 砢 '' 、, Yak, Shen Niu, 牦, elm, and other Bashu products are produced, and Yizhou stories such as 'Ba Yu, Song Cai, Huainan dry, Wen Chengdan song' and other Yizhou stories. The rotten of the Han Dynasty stories such as Lue Si Yu, Budu Po, Guan Moruo, 徼牂 牁, Catalis Mountain, Liang Sunyuan ', etc., all clearly clearly learned that Barshu's palm is used, and they should not be compiled and not entered in the historical desperation. "(Ren Naiqiang School Note" Huayang Guoxing School Supplementary Map ", Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1987, p. 723) Mr. Ren believes that Sima Xiangru" Shu Benji "is indeed a book, and from the name of his book, it should be named. It is a Bashu historical history described by the year: "Gai Sima Xiangru and others' biographies in each episode, remembering the king of Shu, so it is also known as the" Benji "." P. 892)

Therefore, it can be inferred that Sima Xiangru's writing "Shu Benji" is possible, and it is a pity that the original work is not exactly.

(2) Sima Xiangru may have written the history of Bashu figures "Self -narration"

In addition to the "Shu Benji" with the history of Bashu, Sima Xiangru also wrote "Self -narration" with the history of Bashu characters. What is more special is that this historical biography is not others, but yourself. Regarding Sima Xiangru's "Self -narration", "Northern Shi Ru Lin Biography", "Sui Shu · Rulin Biography" all recorded: "Tongren Sima Xiangru, Yangzi Yun, Ma Jichang, Zheng Kangcheng, etc. Feng Hui ("Bei History" as "Huimei"), Chuanfang came to leaves. "Liu Zhiji, a historian of the Tang Dynasty, recorded many records of Sima Xiangru in" Shitong ": Shitong • Preface to Passing ": Settlement and Sima Xiangru, starting with" Self -narration "as the biography. However, the described, but remember to do it from a young age, just work. Captured from the ancestors, and it was unknown.

"Shitong · Preface": The appearance is like "Self -preface". Although it is not false, it is unsuccessful. It is not ashamed of it!

"Shitong · Preface": By the story of Ma Qian, the story of the three concubines, the close work of the Wenyuan, the second family, the two family, and the volume. So Yang Xiong followed his old mistakes, and Ban Gu refers to the rest of the waves.

"Shitong • Miscellaneous Say": Ma Qing is "Self -narrative", which is concentrated. The Chief of the Chiefs is the Biography, which is the biography, and the class is still.

Wen Jun and the maid to Ben Chengdu (Picture Source: Ming Jinling Tang's Fuchun Hall engraved "Newly engraved like a sound note Sima Xiang Ruqin Heart")

Sima Xiangru's "Self -narration" was the only view of the Sui and Tang dynasties. So is there really a book? In the Tang Dynasty, Liu Zhi called: "The Biography of Han Books, there is no" Self -narrative "clear text. After the history of the certificate, I know the words inherently." ("Shitong · Preface") , From the perspective of descendants' history books, Sima Xiangru's "self -narrative" statement is well -founded. In the future, the records of "Historical Records of Sima Xiang Ru Biography" were later discussed from the details of Sima Xiangru. Today, Mr. Guo En believes: "Sima Xiang Ru Biography" is particularly detailed according to his own narrative. Otherwise, except for his words and counties, why do you know his milk name 'dog "? Knowing that he stole his wife Zhuo, it is very detailed? "

Like the title pillar (picture source: Japanese Waseda University Library Tibetan Yuanlu Ben's "Classification Combined Image Sentence Sentence Sentence Sentences")

Regarding Sima Xiangru's "Self -narration", Liu Zhiji believed that he was retained in his collection, and Sima Qian made all the records of "Historical Records". The scholars of the Qing Dynasty Liang Yuzhong, He Yi, etc. all agreed with this view. Liang Yuzhong believes that Sima Xiangru's "Self -narration" was originally included in "Sima Xiang Ruji", just like the last paragraph of Jia Yi's "New Book" is "Self -narrative" ("Historical Records" Volume 34). He Yi believes that "Historical Records of Sima Xiang Ru Biography" is not just a record of "Self -narration". If the phase is like death, it is Sima Qian's compilation separately. He Yi's point of view actually comes from Zhang Ye in the late Ming Dynasty. When Zhang Xuan chose the "Sima Wenyuan Collection", he intercepted the text before the "Historical Records of Sima Xiang Ru Biography", and changed to "Self -narration" before the "Disease Dispels Home". He also said: "Self -narration" should be ‘to be sick and sick, and home Maoling’. After that, do n’t end it, but it ’s not to be passed on.

Yang Deyi Jin Qinfu (Picture Source: Ming Jinling Tang's Fuchun Tang engraved "Newly engraved like a sound note Sima Xiang Ruqin Heart")

As the scholar of the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Xuecheng said, "Chuan Zhi Zhi Shu, History of one person" ("Cultural History" Volume 6 "State and County"), "Self -narration" is Sima Xiangru's own personal history biography The value of its literature is not only to preserve a large number of Sima Xiangru's literature and Fu, but also provides a complete first -hand historical material for Sima Qian and Ban Gu Xiu Shi. Still, there was no change. " The "Sima Xiang Ru Biography" in "Historical Records" and "Han Book" all copied the original text of "Self -narration". To. This provides an important reference for later generations to understand Sima Xiangru's generation of Wenzong, and understand the political and literary ecology of the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

Sima Xiangru's contribution to history is far limited to this. Liu Zhi's "Shitong · Preface" mentioned that Sima Xiangru's self -narrative new style created by Sima Xiangru and Qu Yuan's "Li Sao", which is a historic style, was written by Sima Qian's "Historical Records • Tai Shi Gong", Yangxiong "Self -narrative" and Ban Gu's "Hanshu · Syrian" followed. Among them, because Qu Yuan's "Li Sao" is a copy of the Fu Fu, many of them are the seemingly absurd figures and metaphorical images of Wangshu, Fei Lian, Lei Shi, Fenglong, Concubine, Wuxian, and Spirit. Essential differences. Therefore, Sima Qian, Yangxiong, and Ban Gu learn more about Sima Xiangru "Self -narration". This was not directly recorded in "The Biography of Qu Yuan" from Sima Qian's "Historical Records", and "Sima Xiangru" was not directly recorded, and Sima Xiangru Biography is very likely to record the attitude of Sima Xiangru "Self -narration". In addition, there is a little bit of Liu Zhiji. It is the first history of the first discipline of the biography in China and the discipline body system used in "Historical Records".

Second, Sima Xiangru's contribution to the compilation of Bashu history

Scholars in the Qing Dynasty believed that although Han Fu belonged to the category of literary works, it also assumed the function of the book. In the early Qing Dynasty scholar Zhu Heling wrote "Reading the Essays and Choose the Fu": "When I know the meaning of the Fu, cover the Lord in the Tufeng, the Fang Zhi, the Luxury Scholars' Lounge, and become a book." "Book with Friends" once said: "In addition to the Qinhuo of the Han Dynasty, the grave is incomplete, so the Confucian Confucianism, edited its famous mountains and rivers, and wrote to be a spirit." 4) In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, Yuan Mei also held a similar point of view. Yuan Mei pointed out: "There are no classics, no books, and no vocabulary; therefore," Three Capitals "and" Two Beijings ", there are several words, and birds are several. . If the fruit can be rich and rich, it will be active for a while. Luoyang is the one who is expensive in paper, and it is a home book, and it is a book and a county. " The preface is also expressed. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Cheng Xianjia pointed out that some scholars at that time "the conclusion of Gu Wuzhi, respected Kyoto; Today, scholars such as Mr. Wang Shusen and others have also studied the views of the Qing people's "Fu Daizhi". Left: 井 左 左 左 左; Right: 邛崃 如 如 琴 琴 琴

The view of "Fu Daizhi" dates back to the Zuo Si of the Jin Dynasty. In its "San Du Fu", there is a tendency to associate Fu and Fang Zhi. "Fu, the flow of ancient poetry also. The first king can pick up and watch the earth wind. Seeing the green bamboo cricket, you know the birth of Qi Ao. Seeing it in its version of the house, you know the house of Qin Ye Xirong. Distinguish the eight squares. "He also said:" Yu Yi thinks "two capitals" and gives "Three Capitals". Its mountains and rivers, then the map of Ji Ji; The role of Tu Zuo "" Differential Fang Fang ", such as" Wu Dufu ", said" Fang Zhi, envy in Zhongzhou ", Zhang Millian said:" Fang Zhi, which is called the recording of the Quartet. , There must be a sigh of China. "It also mentioned the records of squares and local products.

"Hanshu • Yi Wen Zhi" records 29 "Sima Xiang Ru Fu". Although there is no Kyoto Fu in the six existences, there are also historic components. He often consciously unconsciously uses Bashu dialects and records Bashu. Take the "Shanglin Fu" as an example:

(1) Shu Shu language

"Shanglin Fu" wrote "Pukuzhuangzhuang", and according to the Song Pei "Historical Collection" of the Southern Dynasties of the Southern Dynasties, Guo Yan said: "The name of the silt is also named, see" Dialect "." Said, "silt" is the title of Shujia to the continent. "Shanglin Fu" also wrote "䱎䲛 䱎䲛 《", Li Shan's "Selected Note" quoted Li Qi said: "Zhou Luo said 鲔, Shu said 䱎䲛." That is, "䱎䲛" is the dialect of Shu land The title of catfish. In addition, about the use of Sima Xiangru Fuzhong's use of Bashu dialect, Mr. Wan Guangzhi ("Hanfu Tong", Bashu Book Society, 1989, p. 322), Mr. Wang Qitao ("Sima Xiangru and Sichuan Dialect", " Social Science Edition, Sichuan Normal University Journal of Sichuan Normal University, No. 2, 2005) There are specific discussions.

Sima Xiangru's relics of Sima Xiangru (Picture Source: "Entertainment Records", No. 14, No. 14, 1915

(2) Famous Shu

Through the three notes of "Historical Records of Sima Xiang Ru Biography" and the six ministers of "Selection • Shanglin Fu", you can see that the note that the "Shanglin Fu" is clearly stated in the following three items:

1. Lu Orange. "Shanglin Fu": "So Lu Orange Xiayu."

Pei Yan's "Historical Records" quoted Guo Yan: "There is a guest orange in Shu in this Shu,

It looks like an orange instead of, and if the pomelo is fragrant, the winter and summer Huashe are successive, or like a projectile, or like a boxing, you can eat it, that is, Lu Orange. "

2. Answer. "Shanglin Fu": "Li Li, Luo Hu's Harem, List of Beiyuan." Li Shan's "Selected Note" quoted Zhang Xun: "榙遝, like Li, out of Shu."

3. Mengshi. "Shanglin Fu" said: "Ge shrimp clams, 鋋 mammoths." Li Shan's "Selected Note" quoted Guo Yan and said: "There are beasts in Shu in this Shu, like bear and small, shallow and shiny, named mammoth. "

Of course, in addition to the three notes and six ministers, there are a variety of Shu land products in "Shanglin Fu". If Fu Zhong mentioned "Shu Shi Huang Yan", according to the Gao Gao of the Song Dynasty, "Shu Shi" also came from Shu Di: "Someone remains in the packets of the jade, like a berry agate instead of jade. Because it is deducted. It is said that the jade is out of Jialing. Press: Sima Xiangru "Shanglin Fu" said 'Shu Shi Huang Yan', Zhang Ye said: "Shu Shi, the second jade also ', the jade cover of Jialing is out of this." ( "Weiluo" Volume 4) In addition, "Shanglin Fu" also records the folk customs of the Bashu area, such as "Bayu Dance" and "Buling Song": "Bayu Song and Cai, Huainan , Wen Chengdan Song, the family residence is handed over. "Li Shan's" Selected Note "quoted Guo Yan and said:" There are Chongqing water in Brazil, and the heads of the bureaucrats are rigid and dancing. Later, Yuefu learned it, because of the name Bayu dance. "He also quoted the Wen Ying:" Bhong, Yizhou, and the county, his people can be a southwest song. "

It is particularly noteworthy that Sima Xiangru's records of Shu land of Shu land have provided the historical data basis for the compilation of the prefectures and counties in Sichuan since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Below still takes the "Shanglin Fu" compiled by the Prefecture and County of the Republic of China during the Qing Dynasty, as an example.

1. Gardenia. "Jiaqing Lizhou Zhili Prefecture"

Volume 23: "Mountain gardenia, flowers six out, real seven edges, also known as Yue Tao, a Mu Dan ..." Zi Xu Fu "'Fresh and yellow, that is, the gardenia tree." Among them, "Zi Xu Fu" For the mistakes of "Shanglin Fu". And "Dianxian County of the Republic of China" Volume 1: "Gardenia, there are two types of size, a fresh branch, see" Shanglin Fu "." 2. Citrus. Volume 19 of the Republic of China, Volume 19 ": Gan," Shanglin Fu "'Huang Gan Orange", Candar Guman Gan, "Yu Lan" 966 quoted "Guangzhi" cloud:' Chengdu Pinte Gan Gan Gan Gan Gan Gan , Large as a rising, colorful yellow, yellow gambling in Nan'an County, it is the old production of my Shu Shu. "

3. Give orange. Volume 7 of the Republic of China "Leshan County Chronicle": "Give the Orange, Lu Orange, also known as the oranges.

4. Xiang is the child. "Rongxian Zhi" products of the Republic of China Sixth: "Xiangzi is the son, Zhao Xi said: The beef is also as the fragrant army. Niu Tail. "

5. Bull. Volume 32 of the Republic of China "New Fan County Chronicle": "Buffaller, a sinking cattle, can sink in the water." Shanglin Fu "notes the sinking cattle, and the buffalo."

Native

Sima Xiangru is famous for its Fu, which has a profound impact on the history of Chinese literature for more than 2000, and even across the boundaries of the discipline. It also has a huge impact on the compilation system of later Bazhu history and later history books.

(This article contains "Bashu History", No. 1, 2021)

Source: Sichuan Provincial Local House Work Office

Author: Zhiyu (Sichuan University Chinese Language and Literature PhD Station and Xinhua Wenxuan Publishing Media Co., Ltd. post -doctoral workstation jointly trained post -doctoral, Bashu Book Society editor)

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