"Underwater locusts" invading the Qingdao waters experts said that the fishery insurance system needs to be improved

Beijing News reporter Zhao Lixin

On July 6, Hu Dashan, a fisherman of Yinghai Pier, Jiaozhou, Qingdao, caught more than 1,200 kg of starfish and "White Mud" and other enemy creatures in his breeding area. More than 5,000 acres of clams seedlings were swallowed by these enemy creatures, which meant a loss of millions of yuan.

The "Stars of the Star" in the Qingdao waters earlier caused attention in 2006. At that time, the losses of abalone breeding caused by starfish disasters in Qingdao only reached more than 40 million yuan. Last year, the oyster and clams in the sea of ​​Qingdao Bay again broke out. The starfish again broke out, with an average density of 50 per square meter. This time, there was a software animal called "white mud".

According to the Qingdao Marine Development Bureau, Qingdao City decided to temporarily allow farmers to use ground cage nets and "white mud" in a certain area to allow farmers to use the ground cage net and bottom dragging net in a certain area.

"White Muda" has appeared in scale. This is the first time in Qingdao, and humans know very little about this new opponent.

Experts said that the fishery insurance system should be further improved, providing more accurate risk management methods, and enabling fishery breeding producers and operators to avoid risks more effectively. At the same time, it is necessary to patiently study the changes in marine species and their habitats. When using marine resources, it is always based on the "balance point" that takes into account ecological and economic benefits.

"White Muda" and starfish appear at the same time

The 43 -year -old Hu Dashan has grown up in Jiaozhou Bay since he was a child and has been engaged in marine aquaculture for 15 years. This is the first time he has seen so many "white mud". "They are just like the" Legion ', and they rush into the breeding area densely, swallowing the clam seedlings. "

Hu Dashan said that the divers discovered at the end of May that starfish had appeared in the breeding area and a little "white mud", but because the number was small at the time, everyone didn't care too much. A month later, more than 5,000 acres of clams seedlings in the breeding area suffered a disaster.

The "White Mud" is known as the Jing's shell, which is an animal in the shell of the shell. It is distributed in the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea, and the East China Sea. Generally, it is about 40-42mm. It grows rapidly and has developed teeth in the abdominal cavity. It can prey on breeding shellfish such as clams and oysters. It looks like a snail and has a layer of shell outside.

Li Chenglin, a researcher at the Shandong Provincial Academy of Ocean Sciences, said that compared with the humble "white mud", the starfish has flooded in the northern waters for more than ten years, and people call such enemy biology as "underwater locusts". As a fierce carnivore, starfish mainly predate abalone, clams, scallops, mussels and other economic shellfish. Sometimes it also takes worms, sea sheaths, and sea urchin.

Some Qingdao fishermen told reporters that there have always been "White Mud", but rarely, so it will not cause people's panic. "Unlike starfish horrible, starfish will lie on the clams tightly and can stir up clams."

It is understood that when the starfish eats, first grasp the food with the wrist and tube, put the stomach out of the mouth to wrap the food, and then secrete various digestive enzyme digestive foods. Therefore, the starfish is very harmful to shellfish breeding. Related data shows that a little star star who has just been full of moon can eat more than 50 small sea keris in 6 days, and an adult starfish can take 5-6 sea clams within 1 day.

In contrast, people know very little about "white mud". As of July 8, 2022, the academic papers named "White Mud" and "Jing's Shell" were zero. According to the Qingdao Marine Development Bureau, it can be determined that both starfish and "white mud" can prey on clams, etc., and are enemy creatures for breeding shellfish. But why "White Mud" appears in Jiaozhou Bay, where they come from, and whether they have predation with starfish, etc., still need to be further studied.

Qingdao allows temporary use of ground cage nets to clean up

Zheng Haiqing, 62, is the president of a fishery cooperative in Yinghai Wharf, Jiaozhou. He told reporters that this time Qingdao temporarily liberalized the restrictions on the use of the ground cage and the bottom of the Dragline to quickly solve the starfish and "white mud mud. The problem of the flood of "Anta". "Of course, there is no way."

From May 1st to September 1st each year, it is the Fishing period of the Voltic Season in the Yellow Bohai District of China. Illegal fishing behavior is prohibited during the fishing period. There are electric pulses, sailing nets, multi -layer cysts dragging nets, etc. If the fishermen use disabled tools or methods to fish during the fishermanship period and the fishing area, if the circumstances are serious, they are suspected of constituting illegal fishing products.

According to the relevant person in charge of the Qingdao Marine Development Bureau, after asking the Shandong Provincial Agricultural and Rural Hall, it was decided that from July 1st, the region of the Jiaozhou Bay is allowed to allow farmers to adopt the operating method of ground cages and bottoming nets to facing the starfish Single Crusted Clean up. Among them, the release time of the bottom of the Duanwang is from July 1st to 20th, the release time of the ground cage network is from July 1st to 31st, and the Dragon Network operating vessels are limited to farming fishing vessels. Collection and destruction.

At 9 am on July 3rd, Hu Dashan stood on a fishing boat of less than 12 meters, raised his mobile phone to record a video: a crew was fishing for hostile creatures such as starfish with a bottom drag. A thick layer. Hu Dashan said that a large and large starfish is densely distributed on the bottom of the shellfish breeding area. Only the use of towing net can the most effective fishing, and the role of the ground cage net is relatively limited. "The total area of ​​our breeding area is 10,000 acres. Such salvage speed is almost finished in more than ten days. "

In the shellfish breeding area of ​​Hongshiya Sea in Jiaozhou Bay, starfish occupy an absolute number. However, local fishermen are even more disgusted with "White Mud", because "white mud" cannot be eaten or sold than the edibleness of starfish. They can only put them on the sun and expose them to the sun and let them dehydrate and die.

According to relevant experts from the Qingdao Marine Development Bureau, "mud" is mud snails, which can be eaten, but this kind of clam seedlings on the bottom of the sea cannot be eaten. They can secrete a mucus. The dense mucus is distributed on the bottom of the sea, which can cause a large area of ​​shellfish to die of hypoxia and cause allergies of the human body.

Zheng Haiqing told reporters that Qingdao people call "mud snails" as "muda", and the mud snails that can be eaten are called "black mud of mud" by the locals. Frown. "Even if the starfish can eat, it can only eat its reproductive glands, and the purchase price of the starfish is relatively cheap and the demand is small.

Ms. Yu, who once served as the head of a fishery industry association in Qingdao, said that it is unscientific to solve the disaster of starfish by "eating", because the starfish can only be used as food when they grow up. There is already a considerable destructive power, which can swallow other shellfish creatures in the breeding area.

There are many suspected groups to be solved about "locust locations"

The reporter found that the current domestic research on hostile creatures such as starfish and "white mud" is still insufficient.

On the Zhiwang platform, there are less than 5 academic articles about the prevention and treatment of starfish. Li Chenglin told reporters that there has always been domestic research reports on the growth and development biological direction of starfish growth and development, and its harm has not attracted great attention from scholars and fishermen. The price is huge. "

Regarding why "White Muda" suddenly appeared on a large scale and why it "appeared" with starfish this year, there is currently no exact answer in the scientific community.

Industry insiders believe that to completely solve the problem of enemy biological outbreaks of Jiaozhou Bay, it is necessary to conduct a systematic investigation and study, to understand the life history of enemy creatures, suitable habitats, migration habits, etc. In the process, the necessary prevention and early warning mechanism is formulated to maintain the balance of the ecosystem.

There is a saying that the increase in starfish is mainly due to the continuous improvement of the local ecological environment, which increases its survival rate. In addition, the stars have strong reproductive power. Each starfish can produce about 2.5 million eggs, and adult starfish do not have any natural enemies, so it is easy to flood.

Li Chenglin told reporters that the increase in starfish and Jing's shells, and there are factors of changes in marine ecological environment, such as the changes in hydrological factors such as water quality, pH value, and water temperature in the sea area, which will affect the growth and reproduction of these species. At the same time, the rapid development of shellfish breeding industry provides a material basis for the large -scale outbreak of shellfish biology. In addition, some people's artificial activities may also reduce the types and quantities of natural enemy creatures, providing possibilities for the rapid increase in the survival rate of starfish and Jing's shells.

"In addition to being keen to eat shell animals, starfish also eat software animals. Some information shows that starfish can prey almost all found animals. What kind of relationships do they have, this needs to be explored. "Li Chenglin said.

Experts say that the prevention and control should enter the normalization

It is worth noting that although Starfish and "White Muda" are sometimes mixed with them ashore, from the whole, Starfish and "White Muda" are not "average." In the shellfish breeding area of ​​Hongshiya Sea in Jiaozhou Bay, starfish occupy an absolute number; and in some shellfish breeding areas in the central and southern part of Jiaozhou Bay, almost all of them are "white mud".

According to the relevant person in charge of the Qingdao Marine Development Bureau, more than 10,000 acres of shellfish breeding area in the shellfish breeding area of ​​the Hongshiya Sea in Jiaozhou Bay, which is the area with the worst affected by the outbreak of the Star Star. Its density is 15-20/square meters. In the southern shellfish breeding area of ​​the central and southern part of Jiaozhou Bay, the density of the starfish is 1-2/square meter.

The reporter learned that, in response to the outbreak, the "White Mud of Mud", the Qingdao Ocean Development Bureau has invited experts such as Shandong Ocean Science Research Institute and other experts to go to Hongshiya Street, Yinghai Town, Jiaozhou City, and Chengyang District of the West Coast. The island street survey and organized a survey of diving in sea.

At the same time, through the method of proliferation and release, the bureau should respond to the sharp decrease in the number of fish that predisted with starfish eggs and larvae, reducing the growth of starfish biomass; use the characteristics of starfish larvae to find the characteristics of attachment attachment, and study the means of eliminating elimination of elimination. Essence In the future, relevant experts will also organize relevant experts to strengthen the research on the incidence of starfish, establish a early warning system for the outbreak of the Star Star, and further ensure the safety of Biaozhou Bay shellfish breeding.

"To solve the problem of a large number of enemy creatures such as starfish, you need to start with the overall marine ecosystem. Multi -disciplinary efforts also need to work together in terms of policies and industries." Li Chenglin introduced that there are currently physical control, biological control, processing, processing, processing Utilizing the prevention and control methods, I hope to set up a specialized organization to organize researchers to investigate the distribution, harm and development trends of hostile creatures such as starfish in Jiaozhou Bay. At the same time, relevant departments formulated corresponding laws and regulations, strictly inspected ships entering and quarantine, and restricted the tool carrier of carrying the lake of lakes in different sea areas.

Li Chenglin said that eliminating or reducing enemy biological disasters is a long -term project that requires fishermen, experts and related departments to pay attention to prevention and control in daily life, and do a good job of cleaning up in the breeding area. ■ view

Improve the fishery insurance system auxiliary breeding producers and operators to avoid risks

Ms. Yu told reporters that seawater breeding is "eating by the sky". If there is no special environment, farmers can earn money, but as long as they encounter some wind blowing grass, they will lose money. Go in. "The key is that breeding seafood is not like planting grain crops. When encountering natural disasters, there will be finance and insurance to support it."

Li Chenglin introduced that the reason why fishery insurance is not as complete as other agricultural insurance has more complicated reasons, such as poor insurance rates, difficult losses, and difficulty in claiming the actual operation of claims. "For example, the breeding bids of marine products are underwater, and business personnel must confirm the number of underwriting bids, which is difficult."

Mr. Xu, an insurance salesman in Qingdao, said, "Economic shellfish like clams are high. If the company opens relevant insurance types, insurance costs will be relatively high. The premiums are high. If the premiums are low, the company's claims will be great. "

According to the local media "Peninsula Metropolis Daily" reported in April this year, several larger insurance companies in Qingdao did not have relevant aquaculture insurance. The staff of the Shandong Fisheries Mutual Assistance Association told the media that Qingdao has no insurance for aquaculture for the time being. There are several cities in the south for pilot, but there are only key categories, such as some fish and shellfish.

"The future of fishery insurance should also be more and more complete as my country's planting industry insurance." Li Chenglin believes that although marine products are not as closely linked to the safety of national food as traditional crops such as corn and wheat, as people's living standards are living, they are living. Increasing, the demand for marine products is also increasing, and the development of fishery insurance will help people "want protein to the ocean."

Li Chenglin told reporters that relevant departments in Shandong are now organizing experts to study and improve fishery insurance policies. Some cities in the province have piloted the pilot insurance of sea cucumber and shrimp. In May of this year, the Neuttan Crab Hydrological Index Insurance was officially settled in Weishan County, Shandong Province, filling the gap in the policy insurance of the Neutang Crab Hydrological Index in Shandong Province. The changes in the specific marine environment will cause damage to seagrass. When the carbon exchange is weakened, the insurance company will compensate.

The China Fisheries Mutual Aid Insurance Agency approved in February this year is undoubtedly a big step in promoting the reform of China's fishery mutual insurance system system. Earlier, China's fishery insurance was mainly carried out by the China Fisheries Mutual Protection Association and local fishery mutual insurance associations. In 2020, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the CBRC studied the overall thinking of the reform of the reform of "Delieving the Insurance Business and the establishment of a professional insurance institution". According to the reform plan, the China Fisheries Mutual Insurance Association will no longer engage in insurance business after the opening of the national fishery mutual insurance institution.

Wang Qitai, a senior practitioner in the insurance industry, said that compared with the previous China Fisheries Mutual Insurance Association, the China Fisheries Mutual Assistance Insurance Agency can develop more market flexible fishery insurance standardized products, provide more accurate risk management methods, make fishery breeding producers and Operators can avoid risks more effectively.

Li Chenglin believes that society needs to create favorable development conditions for fishermen to help fishermen on a "seat belt". "Protecting fishermen is to protect Chinese fisheries."

The frequent out -of -offshore biochemical population should seek development and protect the balance point

Dou Shuoyang, a researcher at the Institute of Marine Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that to solve the problem of outbreaks of marine biological groups, it is necessary The change, and why changes occur, and finally form a method of effectively balance the development of marine ecosystems and industrial development.

"The development of human society is not contradictory with the protection of marine ecology, but the two have a 'balance point', based on this 'balance point', our use of the ocean is sustainable. It is moderate to use moderate mining, but to find this point, we need to continuously improve the degree of awareness of the ocean. "Dou Shuizhao said.

Studies have shown that if a small change in the marine ecosystem may increase the survival rate of a biological larvae, then the species will easily increase in large quantities when there is almost no natural enemy, and it may occupy the ecological position of other species and develop. There is a huge new population.

"Small changes may also have a profound impact. If it is severe human intervention, the changes in the marine ecosystem will be more obvious. For example, the reclamation will directly lead to a decrease in beach coating, wetlands and bay spaces, changes in water power conditions and their self -purification The decline in capabilities; excessive fishing will lead to the decline of fishery resources. "Dou Shuoyang believes that people need to patiently study marine species and their habitat changes. When using marine resources, they always focus on the" balance points "that take into account ecological and economic benefits.

Dou Shuizhao introduced that the ocean is the main component of the entire earth ecosystem. There is a relationship of interdependence and interaction between the circles of the climate system. It is a basic link to control the surface environment and life characteristics of the earth. "People at the sea are still people living inland, and they are all affected by the ocean. We should be a neighbor with the sea. We protect the ocean and actually protect ourselves. "The ecological environment of the earth is crucial. Even if we do garbage classification in daily life, and reduce the use of small things such as plastic shopping bags, we are participating in the protection of the macro ecosystem. "Dou Shuoyou said.

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