Tang poems on cliff stone carvings

Poetry is engraved in the stone. The Tang Dynasty has formed a custom, and the poet attaches great importance to the carved stone. This is the need for poetry preservation and dissemination.中唐诗人羊士谔有一首诗的题目就说：“乾元初，严黄门自京兆少尹贬牧巴郡，以长才英气，固多暇日，每游郡之东山，山侧There are Panshi Spring, sparsely the victory of floating cups, deep fur, old and old -fashioned widow, scholars' fallacy, you have to reward, it is the rhyme of poetry, engraved on the stone wall. "Explain the Fu Fu." Poetry should be immediately stones. Ancient stone carvings, complicated types and many varieties. The most special one is the cliff stone carvings, because engraving the text on the cliff is not only difficult, but also not easy to read. But these stone carvings, especially the Tang Dynasty poetry carvings, have important literature, literature and cultural relics.

Tang poems on the cliff can preserve the original shape of Tang poetry. The cliff poetry is often a literati and elegant tour, leaving a masterpiece, and then engraved on the cliffs or caves. There are also large -scale poems, many joint chapters, engraved with stones, extremely event. Some of these stone carvings have been circulating for thousands of years and the handwriting is as new, and some weathered and eclipsed. However, they can still see the original appearance of stone carvings and pioneering.

The most important cliff poetry for preservation is the stone carving of Shi Ji poems. In the first year of the year, Wu Zetian traveled to Shizhu, the ministers obedient, and the group wrote a poem to praise the event. After the rally, the stone monument was engraved, and now there are Dengfeng Shiqian Mountain. The first song of the poem is Wu Zetian's royal system, followed by the crown prince Li Xian, the king of the king Li Dan, the prince's guest Wu Sansi, and the Shi Di Renjie, etc., and there are poems in front of the poems. Yu Xueyu's handwriting. The poems are all "seven -character servant travel system", and the author's official title and name are engraved with the author. Shi Yan singing and participants, whether it is the emperor's relatives, the emperor Wu Zetian, the prince Li Xian, the king Wang Li Dan, or the famous literati such as Li Yan, Yan Chaoyin, Shen Yanqi, Cui Rong, Su Taste, etc. Palace literary atmosphere is an important role. Their poems constitute the indispensable link of literary development, affecting the evolution and development direction of Tang poetry. Similar engraving stones include the poetry clubs held by Tang Gaozong, Wu Zetian, and the ministers who crossed the Qiyan Temple, and later engraved the stone in the second year of Chang'an. Because it was Xianheng's two -year assembly to make poems, and in the second year of Chang'an, the stone was engraved, and the two periods of Tang Gaozong and Wu Zetian were stretched. Such a stone carving not only preserves the poems of the Gaozong period, but also reflects the important text change trajectory in the Wu Week period.

The largest number of cliff poems is the inscription of the tour. Compared with poetry clubs, such subjects are more significant. For example, Lu Yuanfu's "You Tianzhu Temple" poem cliff: "Shili schools in the paddy field, Qiu Temple thousands of salary. Far guests seeking Moon Guizi, old people who do not remember stone lotus. Wulin mountains are suspended in Sui Day, Tianzhu Jing Wenli Han Home. The moss wall is refined, and the bamboo is repaired in the middle of the middle. "The question department:" The Tang Dynasty Hangzhou thorns Lu Yuanfu. "This poem is the cliff treasure of Hangzhou West Lake. Feel.

The cliff inscription is closely related to Shilu culture. Most of these inscriptions are poems left by ancient poets because of roaming, for the wins, and degraded. Here is an example of poetry engraving on the road of Tang Dynasty poetry in the eastern Zhejiang. Tianbao's eight years of the poem "Make Yongjia through Xie Gong Shimen Mountain" and "Yongjia Huai Gu" poetry is well preserved: "Yongjia is southeast, and can be investigated. Follow the clouds. The mountains and the phosphorus are more beautiful. Everything is more beautiful. The earth is in the winter and the atmosphere is changed. In Shimen, Shengli is like the old. The cliffs are strong, and the cliffs are stormy. The rock is reckless, □ □ empty spring. do. During the middle age, Liyun County Ling Li [~ symbol ~] "Title Ruan Ke's Old Residence" poem engraved: "Where is Ruanke's body, Xianyun cave is horizontally. The cave should be Li [~ symbol ~] as a local chief of the time. These poems are an important physical evidence of the Tang Dynasty poetry road in eastern Zhejiang.

The cliff carved poems, Lingnan and Hunan are particularly prosperous, and there are many stone carved groups. From Tang to the modern times, there are poetry engraving, and Tang poetry is particularly cherished.

The poetry carved by Li Bo and Li from the Tang Dynasty poets in Lingnan area is very representative. In the second year of Tang Jingzong's calendar, Li Bo was observed by Guizhou's assassination history and observing the governance of Guizhou for offending the eunuch. His brother Li was degraded by the Kangzhou assassin and passed through Guizhou. "Xishi" is engraved in Xuanyan, Nanxi Mountain, and Li involved in "Tang Xuanyan Ming" at the same time. "Nanxi Poetry" Yun: "Xuanyan Li Nanxi, Xinquan is faint. Yanyuquan is pregnant, cloud smoke is cliff. . Yuchi seemed to be waterless, and Xuanjing fainted. The Fairy House was re -opened, and the cream was even more dripping. Dan sand has a site, and there is no trace of the stone diameter. Overlooking Cangwu Cloud in the south, the north of the cave. Silence. If it is worthy of Fuqiong, thank you from the dust. "It shows the great scenery of Nanxi's beautiful, quiet, agile, and risk, expressing his desire to resign from the dust and the things outside the things. The reason for the long narrative of poetry to explain the poem and complement the poetry. In the first year of Tang Wenzong, when Li Bo left Guizhou, he wrote the poem "Stay on Beibei Nanxi": "I often sigh that Chunquan will go back, I will go more difficult now. The second time. "The poem" Leave the Hidden Mountain ":" If the clouds are not tired of Cangwu, it is like Yan Fengchun to return north. Only the Yin Mountain Creek last month, the two poems are engraved in the south respectively. On the cliffs of streams and Yin Mountain. It is worth noting that Li Bo's "Nanxi Poetry Preface", "The Poetry of the Tang Dynasty" is "Three Years of Bao calendar", and the stone carvings are deployed "March 7th, the two years of the treasure calendar". This is the cliff stone carvings Order the error of the texture of the handed down text. The cliff poetry is engraved with the effect of stone. There are three Tang poetry stone carvings in Chaoyang rock engravings in the Yongzhou area in Hunan: one place in the thirteenth year of Dali Zhang Zhou's "Chaoyang Rock hurts the old Yuan Zhongzhong" poem carving, one is the poem carving of "Title Chaoyang Cave", one place. It is Li Dang and Wei Yan's "Title Chaoyang Cave" singing and poetry. Especially Li, Wei singing and poetry carving, we can see the ins and outs of the inscription. "Title Chaoyang Cave" Poetry Department "Yiyang Shou Li Dang". Shi Yun: "The Chaoyang Cave of the river, no one is willing to be for a long time. Today, you can enjoy it, and return to love to Yan Luo." Township Gong Jinshi Wei Yi ". Poetry Yun: "Beibei Fei Xinyu, Dongshan is more likely. Wen Xing moves rock dreams, chapters and sentences do not." There is also Wei Yan's long narrative behind the poem, saying that Li Dangzhizhizhu has observed observation envoys, except for except The minister of the Ministry of Henan was the Yin of Henan, and moved to Xuanyu to observe the ambassador, the Shannan Western Dao Jiedao, and worshiped the servant of the Ministry of officials and Shang Shu left. In the Daozhou Pingding Mountain Thief, stable the people. Later, Daozhou moved to Shenzhou, and went to Chaoyang Rock to visit Chaoyang Cave and poems. This is in line with Li Dangshi's "Yiyang Shou Li Dang", because Yiyang is Shenzhou. The end of the Department of Wei Yingwen: "On the 15th of the 14th year of Xiantong, Wei Yan titled, Jinshi Cui Pengshu. Lingling County was commanded by Li Yan, the priest Tang Yuan really read the question, and the judge Chen Chu." (Record of Zhang Jinghua Waiting for the "Hunan Chaoyang Rock Carving Examination Examination"), such as stone carvings not only preserved the singing and poems of Li Dang and Wei Yan, but also recorded the situation of Li Dang through Chaoyang Rock in the process of official relocation, and also left the inscription carving. Writers and viewers' scenes. The poems on the stone carvings and Wei Yan's books, the "Tang Poetry" and "The Tangwen" edited by the Qing people are not included, and have a high value of compilation. It wasn't until Mr. Sun Wang wrote "The Tang Poetry Make up" and then entered it, but the author of the poem was mistakenly recorded during the recording.

Because of the age of the cliff poetry, the wind and rain eroded. Although some text poems have been worn, they still show the beauty of art. Such a lack of beauty is unique. For example, Japanese scholar Tosaki Tosaki discovered Guilin Cave Weiyi "You Sancoucong": "Taste Sanwatta, the ground is far, □ □. Zichi Fengtu. Stellar Santa, Yingjing and Fairy. □ □ □ cold, stone beds crushed beads. □□□, the twilight is called support. □ Bonding like the beginning, it is too annoying to the Soviet Union. Finally, he resigned, and the citizen of the world. " "(" Tangnan Lingnan Literature and Stone Carving Examination ") This poem has a serious erosion, but it can still be seen that it is a rhythm of the five -character rhyme. At the beginning, the two descriptions described the longing of the sanctarian cave, showing the disparity between natural and personnel. The opportunity of the three -four -two explanation of the three custard caves is the opportunity to get roaming to inspect the local people. The five to eight units described the scenery of the three cream caves. Although there are many words, the sentences of "stone bed crushing beads" and "pouring corals", "cold" and "weird" words, showing the unlimited charm of the cave and the The scene of coldness. The ninety -two union expressed his emotions, and wanted to resign from the humble official position and retreated to the world of nature.

The Tang poems on the cliff stone carved are not only the native state of Tang poetry text, but also the meaning of transcending text. It is the integration of Tang poetry and geography. It penetrates the life experience of the Tang Dynasty poets, condenses the trajectory of poetic road culture, and constitutes the history of Tang poetry on a stone carving.

(Content source: "Guangming Daily" June 27, 2022. Author: Hu Kexian, Professor of Chinese Department of Zhejiang University.)

Edit: Shen Xiaoyu, a student reporter from the People's No. student of Zhejiang University Rong Media Center

Responsible editor: Wu Yalan

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