Is this garlic?

"Big panda, golden monkey, black -necked crane ...", every time we mention protecting animals, we can always easily say a large series of animals, and we all have awareness of conscious protection. But if you replace it with plants, how many can you say, do you still have the consciousness of conscious protection? Plants are not like animals. They have a cute and furry shape and will respond immediately, but in fact, plants also need to be protected. In recent years, the survival of many wild plants has become more and more difficult, and we need more attention.

In 2021, all garlic orchids were included in the "National Key Protection Wild Plants List". Although Diaogan wild resources were protected by law, in recent years, the price of Diaogan has remained high. The excavation is still very rampant. Can we help them live stubbornly? Did you hear the weeping of the done orchid in the valley?

Is the Diary orchid related to garlic?

Pleione D. Don belongs to Orchidaceae, Epidendroidae, Tr. Arethuseae Lindl. There are more than 20 species of dilog orchids in the world, mainly distributed in China, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and other Chinese are distributed except the crown -like garlic orchid. Therefore, the southwest mountains of my country are its modern distribution center, and Yunnan is the place with the most adaptive radiation.

Is this plant called Diaogan, is it garlic? Can you eat it? That's right, like most orchid plants, it has a unique fake bulb structure. Its fake bulb and garlic are really a bit like.

Diaogan fake bulb picture source: Zhang Wei, Institute of Kunming Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The pseudo-jeopardy of Diaogan is an important place for water storage and storage substances, and has the characteristics of winter dormant, which can help the liquid orchid through the arid winter. From April to May (except autumn flower type) each year, from the fake bulb On the side, the Minister of Gendai made a beautiful little flower, and then the new roots began to grow slowly. The leaves started to form (and most of them only had a lonely leaf). Such a new plant was born.

As the leaves grow slowly, the base of the buds gradually expands to form a new fake bulb, and the old fake bulb gradually shrinks. A great mother gradually disappears. Update a year, so one generation and one generation reproduce.

Source of Life History of Life Life in Ganhua Lonely: (ZHANG et al., 2022)

In recent years, the demand for market demand for P. Bulbocodioides and Yunnan Diaogan (P. Yunnnensis) has increased year by year, and the immature artificial cultivation technology has led to a soaring market price and severe damage to wild germplasm resources.

According to Zhang Wei et al. (2021), the evaluation and protection countermeasures on the endangered status of the genus Garlic Orchids found that P. Albiflora and P. Grandiflora (P. Grandiflora) were identified as extremely dangerous; Chen P. Chunii (P. Chunii) and Rock Shengsheng Diaogan are identified as endangered species; the rest is mostly susceptible to dangerous species. The State Forestry and Grassland Bureau promulgated the "National Key Protection Wild Plants List" in September 2021. Among them, all of the genus Diaoguan is listed as a national second -level protection plant.

"薅" is too hard, it is too difficult to grow up

The most important reason for the dilute orchid is listed as a second -level protective plant. However, it is not wrong itself. Diaoga orchids have no embryo as sexy seeds, as thin as dust, and the germination rate is extremely low in the natural state.

Dust -shaped 独 seed picture source: Hu Zhonghui, an engineer of the Kunming Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences

On the other hand, Diaogan grows mainly on the surface or tree trunk covered with moss covered with moss. The growth environment is very bad. The habitat is vulnerable to artificial damage, and once it is destroyed, it is difficult to recover. Doronal seeds are difficult to germinate and narrowed in suitable areas, and artificial cultivation is extremely difficult, which further exacerbates artificial excavation.

Diaoga Orchid Plant Habitat Picture Source: Zhang Wei, Institute of Kunming Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences

What other plants are prohibited from digging?

Although Diaogan has been protected by law, due to the high prices of Diaogan in recent years, the huge interests are driven by the huge interests, and some personnel are still risking. In Dali, Lijiang, Kunming and other places in Yunnan, the excavation of wild garlic orchids has been repeatedly banned.

Source of the trading situation of Diaogan Orchid: Hu Zhonghui, an engineer of the Kunming Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences

In addition to the lonely garlic orchid, the "National Key Protection of Wild Plants List" is included in 455 and 40 categories of national key protection wild plants, including 54 and 4 categories of national first -level protection wild plants, 401 species of national second -level protection wild plants Category 36. For example, the ginkgo, red beans, etc. we are very familiar with are all included in key protection plants because of the high medicinal value and difficulty in growing and breeding under natural conditions. Digging its wild resources is illegal. Essence

However, in recent years, Wuyishan City, Fujian Province, Shawu City, Fujian Province, Yixian County, Huangshan City, Anhui Province, Chun'an County, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, Jiangcheng County, Pu'er City, Yunnan Province, Zengdu District, Suizhou City, Hubei Province, Leshan City, Sichuan Province, etc. The land averaged cases where illegal excavation and sales of wild Lanke plants were filed for investigation. Extend the hand of assistance to Diaogan

On the one hand, it is actual demand, and on the other hand, how to break this contradiction? Scientists believe that protecting wild plants must solve the relationship between protection and utilization, and priority and reasonable use. Only by actively carrying out the research work of artificial seedlings and cultivation technology, realize artificial large -scale cultivation, increase market supply, thereby reducing people's transitional dependence on wild resources to truly protect wild resources.

Artificial breeding and large -scale planting picture source of Diaogan: Zhang Wei, Institute of Kunming Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The cultivation of some of the new varieties of the cultivation of the new varieties of the outer garlic.

At present, the scientists of the Kunming Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences use Diaogan as the experimental material and cultivate 19 new varieties through hybrid breeding. The industrial R & D chain of the genus Garlic plants from planting resources, innovative varieties to key technical research and demonstration applications, truly realized the use of benign development goals in protecting and using the use of protection.

Produced: Popular Science China

Author: Huzhonghui (Kunming Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

Producer: China Science Popularization Expo

The China Science Popularization Expo is the Science Popular Science Platform of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is sponsored by the Computer Network Information Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Relying on the high -end scientific resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, it is committed to spreading cutting -edge scientific knowledge and providing fun science and education services.

- END -