Can the Return of the King's Lingling site reappear?

Zhejiang News Client reporter Tang Junzheng Yan Huimin Sharing Alliance Yuhang Station Song Yanyu

Liangzhu Ancient City Site Park (City Site District) Liangli Management Commission provided

This is a hand in hand of the two world heritage.

July 6 is the third "Hangzhou Liangzhu Day". It is the third anniversary of the success of the Liangzhu Ancient City Site. The hospital reached a strategic cooperation.

Liangzhu holding hands in Dunhuang, the most important thing is to combine the problem of "protection of humid environmental soil sites". This is a worldwide problem in the field of cultural relics, and there is no mature solution globally.

Why should we fight this worldwide problem? How will Liangzhu and Dunhuang cooperate? With many questions, the reporter walked into Liangzhu and began to explore multiple parties.

Chongbao deeply buried

The humid environment causes difficulty in protecting

The sun in July was burning. The Liangzhu Ancient City Site Park (city site area) is full of green, and the eyes are all undulating small soil hills. Many people describe Liangzhu as "underground weather and one mound on the ground."

This statement is unreasonable, the Liangzhu site has always had a tricky problem to be solved.

The same as the World Heritage Site, Dunhuang and Terracotta Warriors, make people feel "this trip" after reading it, and marvel at the magnificence and exquisiteness of ancient Chinese culture; Is it over? "

"This is indeed a big pain point in our present. Because most of the excavated sites have been returned to be protected and buried underground. For example, the Liangzhu cultural cemetery with the highest level of Liangzhu, the Ridge of the King of Kings, and the ingenious craftsman at that time The gathered handicraft workshop site, the Yaoshan altar site where the construction time of the ancient city of Liangzhu, etc., all carried out backfilling protection after excavation. " For this kind of soil site, tourists cannot see the real site appearance, and it is difficult for ordinary people to imagine the grandeur of Liangzhu's ancient city 5,000 years ago.

Sun Haibo told reporters that the Liangzhu Site is an ancient soil site distributed in the humid environment in the south. Due to the current mature technology of the protection of the wet environmental soil site, naked exhibitions will have a certain impact on the site of the site. "Protection first, display and utilization can only be carried out under the premise of protecting the ruins. At present, recovery is the best way to protect." Sun Haibo's words are regrettable.

The display point of the Nancheng Wall is the only point in the currently naked display of archeological excavations in the park (site area). Visitors can see the complete section structure of the Liangzhu Ancient City Wall on the spot. Combined with the explanation, you can basically understand the construction technology of the Liangyu Ancient City Wall. Although the open protective shed has been covered above the site point, cracks, water seepage, etc. still appear in the South City Wall, which need to be protected and repaired.

Liangzhu is not an orphan. At present, many soil sites in the southern China are displayed in the form of closed and semi -closed protective sheds, and protection problems such as water seepage and microbial diseases will also occur.

Why is it so difficult to protect the wet environment soil site?

"Research on key technical research on the prehistoric soil site protection of archeological scenes in humid environment" is a national science and technology support plan. The book of the same name shows the results of the research. It is a worldwide problem. The main reason is that the soil site itself is a very fragile type of cultural heritage. In addition, the role of water in the humid environment has led to its extremely difficult preservation. " A major topic in technology that needs to be solved. "

In the interview, as long as the "wet environmental soil site protection" is mentioned, the reporter will hear a word -water. Guo Qinglin, one of the author of the above book and deputy dean of the Dunhuang Research Institute, told reporters: "The most difficult to solve is the problem of water." The water mentioned here includes atmospheric precipitation, water in the air, surface water, groundwater, etc. Behind a "water" is a huge and complex scientific research.

The degree of wet and wetness of the environment where the soil site is in scientifically judging the environment of the soil site is very important in the protection of soil sites, because it is directly related to the feasibility and effectiveness of the prevention and protection measures taken. But this scientific judgment is not easy in actual work. It is difficult to determine the dry and wet environment of the Liangzhu site.

In the past, the five indicators of precipitation, air humidity, humidity coefficient, soil water content, and forest coverage were divided, but the amount of precipitation was divided, and the Liangzhu site was a humid environment; Forest coverage is divided and belongs to a humidity environment. This requires a new evaluation method. The "Research on the Research on the Protection of Archaeological Site Protection of Archaeological Sites in Wet Environment" introduced the "Vague Comprehensive Evaluation Method". The calculation results show that the Liangzhu site has the largest affiliation in the humid area, so it is determined that it belongs to the humid environment.

Sun Haibo believes that the status quo of "underground weather and the mounds on the ground" will change in the near future.

Provided by the Lord of the Huling Restaurant Park

Romantic cooperation

Dunhuang Hangzhou has a natural connection

Modern cultural relics protection is a multi -span and complex system of fields. The protection of soil sites involves disciplines such as geology, civil, biology, physics, chemistry. In this regard, Liangzhu started shortly, and Dunhuang has studied for decades.

"The Dunhuang Research Institute is the most powerful protection scientific research unit in the field of cave temples and soil sites in the field of cultural heritage. It has the only national engineering technology research center in the field of domestic cultural heritage protection." Wang Yan, Secretary of the Working Committee and director of the Management Committee, praised. She said that in terms of cultural heritage protection, the protection of cultural relics, and the development of cultural tourism, the Dunhuang Research Institute formed a series of important achievements. Many experiences and practices are worthy of learning from Liangzhu. The Liangzhu site is one of the four central sites of the China Civilization Source Project. Starting from Shi Xin even in the 1930s, generations of Liangzhu cultural workers, the thick soil under the feet, was passed on the road of the protection research and inheritance of the site protection and use. Now, the modernization of protection and utilization is even more important.

Liangzhu has been looking for his own partners. In recent years, the Liangzhu Site Management Committee and the Chinese Cultural Heritage Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Nankai University, Fudan University, Nanjing University, Hohai University and other universities and scientific research institutions have carried out multi -disciplinary sites Protection research. The "holding hands" with the Dunhuang Research Institute is another expansion of the "circle of friends" of the Liangzhu Site Management Committee's strategic cooperation.

In fact, before the signing of strategic cooperation, Liangzhu and Dunhuang had cooperated in many fields. Guo Qinglin remembered that about 10 years ago, the Dunhuang Research Institute began to pay attention to the protection and utilization of the Liangzhu site, and some staff would do some protection research in Liangzhu for a long time. In the topic of "Research on the Research on the Research on the Protection of Archaeological Sites at the History of Archaeological Sites" led by the Dunhuang Research Institute, the Liangzhu site is one of the key research objects.

For the Dunhuang Research Institute, Liangzhu is also a good partner of the superiority. Earlier, in the research and practice of soil sites, the Dunhuang Research Institute was mostly carried out in drought and semi -arid areas in the northwest. The research on the protection of soil sites in the humid environment is still more theoretical research than practice. The Liangzhu site will become an important " Test field.

"The more valuable cultural relics, the greater the energy we need to invest, and the more complete the protection measures. The Liangzhu site is a highly valuable site." Guo Qinglin said that the Dunhuang Research Institute team conducted research and protection throughout the country. Liangzhu will "be a key point."

Like other scientific research, the research and development of cultural relics protection technology also requires comprehensive funding guarantee. In this regard, Liangzhu obviously also has a "natural advantage": In addition to the special financial funding, the Yuhang District where the Liangzhu Ancient City site is located, the land transfers of the land transfers to the cultural relics protection mechanism, that is, the annual land within the scope of the Liangzhu New City annual land 10%of the revenue of the revenue will be the protection of the Liangzhu site.

Su Bomin, dean of the Dunhuang Research Institute, gave the cooperation a "romantic color". In the lecture on July 6, he said that Chang Shuhong, the first dean of the Dunhuang Research Institute, and Fan Jinshi, the third dean, were all from Hangzhou. At that time, they were committed to archeological and scientific protection of grottoes in Dunhuang. They were in war, living in caves, and climbing scaffolding. In an environment without tap water, for decades, they struggled hard. "Dunhuang Research Institute has a natural connection with Hangzhou." Su Bomin said.

The staff of the Dunhuang Research Institute provided the good management committee at the Nangcheng Wall site

Complementary

Two sites have been restored together

Liangzhu and Dunhuang jointly tackle the problem of "protection of humid environmental soil sites", may change the helplessness displayed by the current Liangzhu site. Now lying quietly in the ground and the protection of the protection of the protection, it is expected to reproduce the true capacity, so that visitors can truly feel the glory of the Chinese civilization in the past 5,000 years.

But its significance is more than that.

At present, more than 80%of China's sites are soil. Many of the important sites are distributed in a humid environment in the south, such as Sanxingdui Site in Sichuan, Jinsha Ruins, Hunan Royal Sites, Chengtou Mountain Site, and Zhejiang Hemu Site. Looking at the world, the Japanese site of the Yoshino Site in Japan, the archeological site of the Malaysia's exquisite valley, and the historical sites of the Cardiagia Tuqiu in the United States are also distributed in a humid environment.

Sun Haibo said: "If we can overcome the problems as soon as possible, the significance will be worldwide, which will be a contribution to the global cultural relic industry." Guo Qinglin also has the same point of view. He said that the concepts and technologies in the protection of humid environmental soil sites are common.

What makes people happy is that strategic cooperation has now a better start.

The Liangzhu Site Management Committee and the Dunhuang Research Institute, and the Luling Dam Site and the protection and repair of the Southern City Wall site carried out by Zhejiang University and other institutions have achieved certain results. The archeological excavation section of the ruins displayed to the public is currently only these two places.

When the reporter came to the Lord of Liangzhu's ancient city site, the Luxing Site Park, and met Yang Yang, a staff member of the Dunhuang Research Institute Cultural Relics Protection Technology Service Center who was working on the scene. In April of this year, four of their teams came to Hangzhou from Dunhuang and began to protect and repair the section of the Huling Dam.

The Water Conservancy System of Liangzhu Ancient City, including the Slogi Ridge, is the earliest flood -blocking dam project in the world that has been discovered so far. Entering the white protective shed, you can see that a bare dam was covered by glass, and the dam body has a clear "grass wrap mud" texture. The dam on both sides covers soil. The design and construction of the entire dam body protection are led by the Dunhuang Research Institute.

Yang Yang told reporters that for the protection of Huling dam, they adopted two types of closed environment high humidity protection and recovery protection. A section of the dam that is covered by the glass is protected by a closed environment and high humidity. The use of the environment to automatically control the equipment is most conducive to the humidity of the dam body protection. It is protected by a reflection method. Why treat the same dam body differentiation? According to reports, on the one hand, visitors can clearly see the texture of "grass wrap" through the glass cover, so as to see the whole leopard, to a certain extent to understand the construction process of the Huling dam at the time; on the other hand, the research team is closed In the two methods of environmental high humidity protection and recovery protection, the monitoring equipment such as sensors is used. The data collected by these monitoring equipment can be compared and analyzed by the two protection methods, and the damper protection research can be performed more deeply.

Starting from May 8 last year, the first systematic protection and restoration work of the South City Wall site was "operated" by the Dunhuang Research Institute's Cultural Relics Protection Technology Service Center, and the work will last for two years. After the restoration is completed, the appearance of the South City Wall site will restore the state to the maximum extent to the state of the site unearthed, and use the most authentic appearance to tell the world of Liangzhu's story of 5,000 years.

At present, the two site protection projects have completed all interior tests. The work of anti -seepage and drainage and greening of the top of the Tiger Ridge, and the small cracks on the surface of the southern city wall body have also been completed, effectively preventing the impact of rainwater scouring and leakage on the section of the site.

For this time, Guo Qinglin said: "I think I should be able to solve some problems. At the same time, this is a continuous development process. The old problem is solved, and the new problem must come again."

The "protection of humid environmental soil sites" is the key to the cooperation between Liangzhu and Dunhuang, but not all. Relying on the research and strength of the Dunhuang Research Institute in the soil sites, cave temples, digital protection of cultural relics, and cultural promotion, the two parties will jointly carry out project construction, subject research, talent training, etc., through multiple levels, high levels, and long -term strategic cooperation. Realize complementary advantages of the two places, resource sharing, mutual benefit and win -win development, and coordinated development.

For example, relying on the national ancient murals and soil site protection engineering technology research centers relying on the Dunhuang Research Institute, the Southeast Branch has just set up in Liangzhu. The landing of this national platform will provide guarantee for the normalization of cultural relics protection experiments, R & D cultural relics protection technologies, and theoretical methods of exchange and sharing.

For another example, the Dunhuang Research Institute will also provide support for the Liangzhu Site Management Committee in terms of cultural heritage protection and talent training. Through scholars' mutual visits, learning exchanges, personnel training, job exercises, graduate training, etc., business exchanges are promoted.

In order to promote the effective implementation of cooperation, the two sides have established a joint working mechanism to form a joint working group. They will hold a high -level joint meeting once a year to jointly study and promote the major matters of the cooperation between the two parties, and coordinate and solve important issues in cooperation.

"By relying, we must build our own scientific and technological protection platform, continue to strengthen talent introduction and scientific research, and finally achieve cooperation to proactive research to technical output leaps." In Sun Haibo, Liangzhu has the ability to become Zhejiang and even even Zhejiang and even Important forces in the field of scientific and technological cultural relics.

Provided by Xiaomujiao Shanliang Management Committee

【Link】

Digital empowerment Liangzhu site protection

As a World Heritage Site, the inheritance land needs to submit regularly to the UNESCO Evaluation Report. One of the important parts is the monitoring of the inheritance.

Earlier, the Liangzhu Site Management Committee has created the "digital cockpit" of the Liangzhu Ancient City site, collecting data such as cultural relics, environmental climate, security precautions, natural disasters, tourist management, and social environment. Basis.

In order to build the Liangzhu site cultural relics and intelligent governance system, the Management Committee of the Liangzhu Site starts from four major areas of cultural relics, cultural relics protection, cultural relics research, and cultural relics to create a "Liangzhu Site 5000+ Smart Application". The closed -loop management system promotes the effects of the endowment of cultural relics resources into cultural development momentum.

Among them, the application scenarios of "Liangzhu Site Cultural Relics Safety Inspection Grid" application scenarios are "natural factors" and "humanistic factors" as small incisions. Based on grass -roots governance mesh, closed -loop management, multi -disciplinary site protection technology development and application, multi -span system innovation integration and integration, etc. as innovation highlights, the aim of solving the hidden dangers and blockage points and difficulties in the work to achieve, realize the realization of the hidden dangers and difficulties, realize the realization, realize the realization, realize the realization of the work to achieve the realization of the difficulties and difficulties in the work. Cultural relics safety inspections, management, early warning, disposal, supervision grid, and closed -loop control.

The application was selected into the list of the first batch of "cultural relics" application scenarios of the Zhejiang Provincial Bureau of Cultural Relics in 2021. It is committed to providing a reference experience that can be replicated and promoted for the protection of large sites in the province and the security of cultural relics.

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