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Go to the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau and see the mistakes!

Author:Institute of Geological Earth Time:2022.07.11

This article

Second Qinghai -Tibet Science Examination Team

Jointly produced with the Star Research Institute

The Green Tibet Plateau is widely

White Snow Mountain, Gray Yellow Earth, Qingqing Mucao

Most of the colors here

But there is another color

Although it only accounts for 2% of the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau area

But it brings different agility to this vast land

It is

blue

And those who make these blue are

Tibetan Plateau

lake

(Tibetan Namu Erumi Tianmen, in the distance is the main peak of Nianqing Tang Gula Mountain, photographer@（)

Compared to

Lakes of many lakes in the eastern part of my country

This blue looks very unique

(Please watch it horizontally, the wrong Ewan, the wrong Ewan, the photographer@（（)

Whether in Gaoshan Canyon

Still in a flat hinterland

You can see these blue figures

they

Can be called the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau

"Blue Manufacturing Machine"

(Please watch the horizontal screen, the distribution of the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau lake, the blue of the lake on the map is not the real lake color, the drawing@（/Planet Research Institute)

after all

What did you create these blue?

In our lifetime

Will they always exist?

Blue | Because of pure

Qinghai -Tibet Plateau

The mountains are stretching, the peak is linked

The entry of water vapor is hindered

Most plateau land

All showing drought

(Said the distribution of dryness in the 2010 Qinghai -Tibet Plateau in the 2010s, drawing@（（/Planet Research Institute)

But although the mountains are blocking

But its towering posture

It also allows water vapor to form a solid precipitation such as snow at a high place

Glacier forms glaciers after accumulation and compacking

As a result

Solid reservoir

(Luo Benqiangga Glacier and Dongsheng Lake, located in Shigatse, Tibet, photographer@（)

More than 47,000 square kilometers of glacier area

And more than 4,300 cubic kilometers of ice reserves

Achieve the name of the Asian Water Tower of the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau

And when the glacier melts

Rongshui gathers precipitation and so on.

Low -lying on the surface

Another important form of gathering into the Asian Water Tower

lake

(Jiong Puwai, located in Changdu, Tibet, photographer@（（（)

Guangbu Glacier

Most lakes on the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau

It's not far from the water source

How short is the water flow in the lake

The debris particles they carry are therefore less

Plus

The temperature is low, the lake is salty and other reasons

The growth of microorganisms in the lake is suppressed

How clear and clean lake water

Rarely turbid state

(Lake Joner, Dongtai, located in Haixi, Qinghai, photographer@（)

When the sun is shot into the lake

Huang Guang and other long waves can be visible to the light into the lake and is absorbed and absorbed

Short wave visible light such as blue light is prone to scattering

So we are captured by our eyes

Blue manufacturing machine

It was fully launched around the plateau

(Oka Rinpoche and Mada Yongwu, located in Ali, Tibet, there are Tibetan wild donkeys next to the lake, photographer@（)

Lake

Most of the lake color is light blue

And the color of the bottom of the lake will be superimposed

Milk Sea in Daocheng, Sichuan

Because of the milk white lake bottom

And the lake color is light

(Sichuan Daocheng Aden Milk Sea, Photographer@（（)

When the lake is deep

The bottom of the lake is unsatisfactory

Lake color is the ultimate dark blue

Haizi Group in the upper reaches of Nuogi Lang Waterfall in Jiuzhaigou

Deep in the lake

The blue color is presented

(Nuo Rilang Waterfall in Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan and Norlang Qunhai, the upper reaches of it.

Represents pure blue

Also give lakes a sense of holyness

This may be many lakes

One of the reasons for the Holy Lake

Three Holy Lakes in Tibet

Nami Wushu, Mada Yongwu, Yang Zhuo Yongwu

Lake

Nothing to have the sea -like sacred blue blue

(Nami Wushu, located at the junction of Lhasa and Naqu, Tibet. The lake is 3/5 in Bango County, Naqu City.

Sichuan Daocheng Yading Saint Lake

Milk Sea, Five Color Sea, Pearl Sea

Although the lake is shallow

But there is no sense of holyness

(Sichuan Daocheng Aden Five Sea, Photographer@（（)

also

Jie White God Mountain

Always accompany Saint Lake

(Dang Yongwan, located in Naqu, Tibet; in the distance, Daguo Shenshan, two Tibetan original antelopes seemed to look at Shenshan in the distance, photographer@（)

Rare birds

Often gathers the lakeside

(Mada Yongwao, located in Ali, Tibet, is the only freshwater lake in the three major holy lakes in Tibet; the black -necked crane on the shore of the lake, the Namani Snow Mountain in the distance, the photographer@（)

Mani pile to pray for blessings

Also appear in the lake shore

all above

The sacred and greatness of the Holy Lake

(Punmong Wo and Mani on the shore of the lake; Punmong is located in the south of Tibet, located in the direction of Yang Zhuoyong's southwest, photographer@（晓晓晓)

then

Different blue tones

Represents pure purity

Highlighting sacred

Shining on this plateau

But these blue

Except for different colors

They are different in size and thousands of forms

What kind of laws are there?

Blue | Quanzhitian

From the size of the lake

Most of the big lakes

All located outside the rugged mountains

In the hinterland or mountain basin of the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau

China's largest lake

Qinghai Lake

It's such a super big lake

It's like a huge sapphire

Inlaid in the northeast corner of the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau

(Please watch horizontal screen, Qinghai Lake, photographer@Zhang Yang's Xiaoqiang)

The lake around Qinghai Lake is not dense

Northeast of the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau

This is the norm of many large lakes

But in the southwest, there are differences

Especially in Gangdis-north of Nianqing Tang Gula Mountain

The southern area of the Qiangtang Plateau

East -west lake dense belt

Through the nearly half of the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau here

Because the lake is wrong in Tibetan language

This multi -lake area is therefore called

"Mistake again"

(Please watch horizontal screen, the distribution of the Duohu area of "mistakes and wrong", drawing@（（/Planet Research Institute)

More than 100 million years ago

Here is still an ocean

As the Indian Ocean sector continues to rush towards the Asia -Europe sector

The area of this ocean is gradually compressed

And gradually disappeared in Longzhong of the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau later

Leave a relatively low -lying area and many small pots

"One mistake again" after water storage is born

(Please watch horizontal screen, and the Tibetan antelopes running before the mistake, taken in Nima, Tibet, photographer@（)

then

Dahu is here

Ten Tibetan Lakes

Here is the eight

With other scattered distributed large and small lakes

It looks like a delicate on the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau

Sapphire necklace

Three of the largest lakes

This is the necklace

Three sapphire main stone

Separate

2273.95 square kilometers of Tibet No. 1 Lake

Coloring

2024.55 square kilometers Tibet second largest lake

Namuwa

1014.51 square kilometers of the third largest lake in Tibet

Zharimankiwuwu

(The above -mentioned data from the "Research on the Comprehensive Geography of the Chinese Plateau Lakes" published by the Science Press in 2021. Due to the differences in statistics and methods, there are differences in the area data of different data. , Cross -Tibet Nagqu, Nima, Shenza, three counties, please watch it horizontally, photographer@，)

Three they

This is the belt, which is also the only in Tibet

Extra large lake

Other larger

Such as 、错错错, Onla Renwa, Tashawo, etc.

Most of the area is greater than 100 square kilometers

But less than 1,000 square kilometers

Large, medium -sized lake

(Angra Ren is wrong, located in Shigatse, Tibet, photographer@Jiang Chenming)

Together with the other parts of the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau

Ban Gong, Yang Zhuo Yongwu, Eling Lake, etc.

More than 200 large, medium -sized lakes

65% of the area of the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau lake

It is for the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau

Blue main force

(Ban Gong is wrong, located at the junction of China and Indian control Kashmir. About 2/3 is located in our country. Photographer@Xiang Wenjun)

They are all in full

Give thousands of forms to the blue of the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau

But its shape is basically irregular to follow

(Please watch Hengping, there are many coral branches in Yangzhuo Lake in Shannan, Tibet, so it is also known as "the coral lake above" in Tibetan, photographer@（)

but

In the reckless mountains of the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau

Thousands of Lakes

There is something different

Such as in Hengduan Mountains

Lisuohai, not far from Gongga Mountain

And Daocheng Aden in multiple holy lakes

They all show pearl -like rounding

(Please watch horizontal screen, Lisuohai, not far away is Gongga Mountain, photographer@（（)

On the mountains in the north of the Northern Sichuan Plateau

Degmu wrong in the year of the year

And some lakes of Lotus Baoye

Application of ellipse form

(Lotus Baoye is wrong, photographer@（)

The lake basins of these lakes are created by glaciers

Therefore, it is collectively referred to as

Glacier lake

Glacier range of the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau

It used to be wider than now

Such as about 20,000 years ago

The glacial area of the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau is about 7.5 times today

(Compared with the current glacier scope of the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau, the scope of the glacier, drawing@（（/Planet Research Institute)

The flowing glacier erodes the mountain

Leave all kinds of depression on its surface

When the ice period is over, the climate is warm

Glacier's large area atrophy and retreat

These depressions are available

And after the water accumulates various types of glacier lakes

On the mountains

Glacier accumulates and erodes surrounding rocks

Most of the round, semi -circular ice bucket

After the water storage, the lake is also round and semi -circular

For Bingdou Lake

In the valley

Glacier keeps flowing downward

Eclipse along the valley that is mostly long -strip -shaped depressions

Most of the lakes are oval after water storage

It is for ice erosion lake

(Main type of Glacier Lake formation, drawing@（/Planet Research Institute)

Glacier erosion mountains

It will also allow a large amount of debris to flow with the glacier

And gathered on both sides of the glacier and the end of a natural dam

After the glacier retreats

Flowing water is intercepted here

Water storage into ice ì [qì] Lake

(碛, meaning sandstone)

Its shape is short and changing

When the lake is young

Such as a short Tibetan Shannan Gun Yong Glacier

Fascinating

It looks like a warm jade card

(Tibetan Nanlang Kazi County Karuxing Peak Gallery Glacier and Gun Yongwu, Photographer @Greatwj)

Lake for a long time

The slender is like the Tibetan Linzhi Glacier U -shaped Valley

Baton

It looks like a section of wide river

(Batong Wrong, Located in Linzhi, Tibet, photographer@（)

Due to the water blocking effect of the rear natural dam

Bingli Lake is also known as the Binglu Modern Lake

But natural dams of similar effects

It is not only a glacier to create

Sudden landslides, mudslides, etc.

Let the mudslides stand in the valley

The upstream can accumulate water

It can also form a dammed lake (the cause of some dammed lakes in the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau, drawing@同/Planet Research Institute)

They often due to the wildness of sediment gravel

It is shaped into a variety of interesting shapes

Such as the Wuhua Sea of Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan

The shape is like a tadpole

(Sichuan Jiuzhaigou Wuhua Sea, shaped like a tadpole, photographer@（)

Until this

Blue manufacturing motivation is full

Blue

Disposal on the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau

But unfortunately

Over time

Blue is not eternal

Change follow

Blue | No eternal

first

Lake

It is possible to change due to seasonal changes

In the season with sparse rainfall or severe climate

Ranwu Lake Lake

Can be pure blue

(Please watch it horizontally, but Wuhu, located in Changdu, Tibet, photographer@（)

But when the rainy season comes

Rich sand, rock pieces and other debris

Bring flowing water into the lake

The lake often becomes yellow

But occasionally the debris content is just right

However, Wuhu can also appear

Green -like color

(Please watch it horizontally, but Wuhu, located in Changdu, Tibet, photographer@（)

also

In the severe winter

Some lake surfaces are frozen due to low temperature

This is changed to a new white outfit

Sometimes artistic conception

Still hug the pipa half -cover face

(Tibetan Nanlang Kazi County Karuxing Peak Gallery Glacier and Gun Yongwu, Photographer@（（)

Sometimes it is integrated with the surrounding ice and snow

Difficult to divide each other

(The Glacier Lake of the Diqing Yujie Village, Yunnan, the lake is called "Ice Lake", photographer@Zou Tong)

Sometimes the thick ice layer

Can easily carry the flock of rushing on the road

(Phamong and the herd, located in Shannan, Tibet, photographer@（)

But these changes are just temporary

Accumulation of salt substances

It will change the blue for a long time

If calcium ions are easy to combine with carbon dioxide

Calcium

Even in the freshwater lake with a low ion concentration

You can also spread a layer of white carpet for the bottom of the lake

The color of the lake becomes lighter

(Huanglong Calcium Huali, located in Aba, Sichuan, photographer@（)

Most salts want to achieve similar effects

It requires a higher concentration

Most lakes in the hinterland of the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau

They are relatively closed inner flow lakes

The salt substances flowing into the lake cannot be excluded from the abolition

After accumulation for a long time

The saltiness of the lake is getting higher and higher

Gradually become salt lake

Salt material is precipitated due to saturation

The bottom of the lake becomes white

(Lake Joner, Dongtai, located in Haixi, Qinghai, photographer@（（)

It can even grow in various forms

White salt

Add a different style to the lake

(The salt flower in Chalhan Salt Lake is located in Haixi, Qinghai, photographer@（)

The changes brought by salt substances are not stopped here

The higher concentration of iron ions, copper ions, etc. in the lake water

It will also change the color of the lake water

And if there are a lot of salt -adding microorganisms in the lake

It is rich in β-carotene, shrimp and other substances rich in its body

It makes its body color bright

The lake will also be dyed with more gorgeous colors

Under the role of the two complements

The lake color will change greatly

(Char Khan Salt Lake, located in Haixi, Qinghai, photographer@（（)

Like blood red

(Please watch it horizontally, Zabeya Tea Card, located in Shigatse, Tibet, photographer@（（)

Honey -like yellow

(Russian Buliang Sulfur Lake, located in Haixi, Qinghai, photographer@（（)

Emerald -like green

(Dashaidan Emerald Lake, located in Qinghai Haixi Dichai Dan Administrative Region, photographer@（（)

When the salt lake is dried up due to drought

There is only a thin layer of thick saline left

The lake surface is therefore not shocked

Like a mirror of the ground

Far snow mountains, gorgeous glory, brilliant stars

Both have become its color

(Vanada Emerald Lake, located in Qianya City, Haixi, Qinghai, photographer@（小（)

If the salt lake is dry further

The dry snow -white salt shell is left

The lake is hidden in the gap in the salt layer

Only occasionally emerge when it is supplemented by water such as rainfall and snow melting

For dry salt lake

And this is the end of these lakes

(Zabeya Tea Card, located in Shigatse, Tibet, photographer@Lu Yuchun)

When dry up, further further

Their life is ushered in the end

The blue period of the Dahu period

The gorgeous gorgeousness of the salt lake period

Even the whiteness of the dry salt lake

It will be buried in the sun and the dust of the wind and the dust.

No longer exist

(Qinghai Dichai Dan Devil City has a lake that is about to dry up, photographer@（)

From this perspective

In the overall drought climate environment of the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau

Drying seems to be most of the lake here

Final fate

future

Big blue on the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau

Will it really disappear like this?

Looking back on their changes in recent decades

We may be able to find some answers

Blue | Future

Since the end of the 20th century

The process of global warming began to accelerate

This profound impact

Many lakes on the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau

Rise of temperature

Make many years of frozen soil melting

The surface collapsed, the stagnant water became a lake

It is for the Her Ronghu Pond

They often appear

Depending on the night empty starry

(Please watch Hengping, Hunuma Group in Tianjun County, Haixi, Qinghai, photographer@（（)

In 2018

Number of Hot Ronghu Ponds on the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau

It has reached amazing

120000

And by 2020, this number has risen

160,000

In just two years

It rose by more than 30%

The growth rate can be described as extremely rapid

(Distribution of the frozen soil of the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau and the hot Ronghu Pond, drawing@（（/Planet Research Institute)

Rise of temperature

It has also become an important induction factor for abnormal climate

The increase in rainfall in most areas of the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau increases

In addition, the increase in glaciers is also increased

Many lakes start to grow bigger

Ruye Linwa

From 1622 square kilometers in 1975

By 2020 2428 square kilometers

During 45 years, area increased by nearly 50%

Even in this process, surpass Nami

Leap to become the largest lake in Tibet

(Severe changes in the scope of the wrong range, drawing@（（/Planet Research Institute)

Na Mu wrong by being overtaken

Although the growth rate is not so exaggerated

But in the last 20 years

Added about 50 square kilometers

Equivalent to the area of a Lake Kanas, Xinjiang

(Please watch horizontal screen, Nami Wrong, photographer@（（)

future

If the growth trend of the lake is still

Many lakeside roads will be flooded

Many surrounding small lakes will be swallowed by the big lake

(The road next to Selin, photographer@（（)

Increase in lake water volume

It will also reduce the salinity of the lake

The salt shell of the salt lake will be dissolved

Among them, salt -loving microorganisms will leave

Gorgeous colors will also disappear

The blue of some lakes may return again

(Qinghai Haixi Vyaka Emerald Lake, photographer@（（)

This can be seen

The blue of the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau seems to be increasing

But is this really the case?

global warming

In fact, it has also accelerated the disappearance of some lakes

Rise temperature and increase rainfall

It will lead to the increase in glaciers flowing faster

And glaciers are more likely to break

Let the front end of the iced tongue slide into the Bingli Lake

Coupled with the increase in rainfall, the amount of water entry is increased

Many Ice Lake may be in the embankment because of this

Disappear

(Leadman in the northern part of Gongga Mountain in Sichuan and Bingli Lake in the glacier and Bingli Lake below it, photographer@（（)

Other dammed lakes formed by landslides and mudslides

It is often due to the increase in the amount of water entering the lake

Improving the risk of disappearing dike

(In June 2000, Yigong's mistakes in Nyingchi, Tibet, had a dyke due to the skyrocketing water in the rainy season. After that, the Yigong Mistake Bed was revealed. )

And the climate abnormality caused by global warming

It has also led to a decrease in rainfall in some areas of the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau

Add an increase in evaporation caused by increased temperature

Lakes in these areas gradually shrink

Even facing disappearance

(La'on, Tibet, has a dense lake shoreline. This is the characteristics of the shrinking lake, photographer@（)

also

Climate warming can also lead to accelerated ablation of glaciers

The debris originally sealed inside and the bottom of the glacier

Get out of the ice and snow melting water

Increase rainfall and increase the frequency of rainfall

It also allows flowing water to carry more debris

Water flow in the lake will become more and more turbid

(The turbid flowing water below the ancient glacier is located in Changdu, Tibet, photographer@（)

Coupled with the temperature rise

The growth environment of the lake has been improved

The reproduction of many microorganisms is therefore accelerated

These factors will make many lakes

Lost the original purity

Blue disappears

(Yongba Yongwu, located in Shigatse, Tibet; the lake nearby is green and slightly turbid due to the more sand content of the mud, which is contrast with the cleaner blue lake water in the distance. Photographer@（（)

The most easily affected

It is thousands of small lakes on the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau

But the big lake is not unreasonable

For nearly 20 years

The area is greater than 50 square kilometers

152 Qinghai -Tibet Plateau lakes

Although its transparency is rising as a whole

But there are still 18 lakes' transparency

A significant decline appeared

Qinghai Lake, Sedling Wrong, etc. are all among them

future

Many lakes on the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau

It will continue to be deeply affected by global warming

And it is difficult for us to accurately predict

The future changes of these blue -Tibet plateau blue

(A lake above the Pamir Plateau is located in the autonomous prefecture of Kizilu Sukirkiz, Xinjiang, and is often called "Baisha Lake" because of Baisha in the shore of the lake.

But one thing is certain

Sensitive and changing