Centennial party face to face ④: self -reliance and anger -how does the socialist revolution and construction be completed and promoted?

Sing the rooster in the world. From the awakening of the east, the big oriental country shakes again, indicating that the phoenix Nirvana and rebirth of a great nation have opened a new era of history. The new China and the new era are not only the new, the starting point of the country, but also the new and the weather of the mountains and rivers. The Chinese nation and the Chinese people stood up. Not only did the backbone stand up and the waist rods were hardened, they also stood up and strong.

It was a period of self -reliance and struggle. It was the age of not being afraid of strong enemies and defending the country. It was a period of passion and boldness. The moment ... never savior, nor relying on the fairy emperor. Building a new socialist New China and creating your own new life, relying on the generation of self -reliance and anger.

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Freshmen on the ruins

At the critical stage of the conversion of new and old things, positive and negative forces are often in a fierce tap and stalemate. New things have pushed forward the historical development, and resolutely destroy obstacles and stubborn forces on the road. The old things are unwilling to withdraw from the historical stage, and they must make the final crazy counterattack and dying struggle. After the victory of the New Democratic Revolution has become a foregone conclusion, in the face of the intricate domestic and international environment, the party and the group lead the people how to establish and consolidate the new people's regime, completely defeat the internal and external oppression, and defend the hard -won victory fruit. The first major test questions faced by Jing Gao Tao.

The founding ceremony of the country more than 70 years ago, Hua Ruhai and the people were like a tide. Chairman Mao on the building of Tiananmen City was full of energy. President Zhu smiled and made great smiles. Premier Zhou was so chic ... Chairman Mao solemnly announced: "The Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China was established today." This word with a strong Xiangyin echoed in the historical sky for a long time and rang the sky. The joy of victory. Many people tears when they hear, and they told each other. Only the Chinese who have gone through the disaster and suffer from being bullied by the powers can have an unforgettable "turning feeling." If you have not experienced so many humiliation and suffering, it is difficult to understand this feeling if you don't understand the revolutionary ancestor for this day.

The New China has been born, but the situation faced by the new people's regime is severe. Various difficult problems come from all directions. Whether it can stand firmly and whether it can control the country. This is still a question in a considerable number of people in the country. Some friends or enemies above are also watching and watching. At that time, such a statement was circulated among some capitalists, "the Communist Party has 100 points in military military, 80 points in politics, and 0 points in economy."

Destroyed and decayed, and it was resolutely clearing the enemy. When the founding of New China, the Kuomintang reactionaries still had more than 1 million troops in the mainland in South China, southwest, and some coastal islands. There were more than 2 million armed bandits hiding in mountains and forests. The People's Liberation Army adopted the final siege of the Kuomintang's residual military forces with a large roundabout, interspersed, and surrounding combat policy with the trend of thunder. At the same time, a large -scale anti -revolutionary campaign was carried out across the country, and the anti -revolutionary remnants of the Kuomintang reactionaries left on the mainland. By October 1950, more than 1.28 million Kuomintang Army and nearly one million reactionary bandits were destroyed. In October 1951, Tibet was liberated peacefully. At this point, the mainland of the motherland has been fully unified.

Back destruction, restore order, and stabilize the economy. At the end of the war, the Kuomintang government left a stall of sores and a hundred holes. Hundreds of industries faded and prices soared, especially the criminal speculation activities were abnormally rampant, and the fiscal economy had almost collapsed. Someone clamored arrogantly, "The People's Liberation Army entered Shanghai, and the renminbi could not enter Shanghai." In order to quickly stabilize the economic order, our party has carefully led a series of major struggles of stable prices and unified financial and economic, controlling the situation of inflation and high prices, breaking the situation of imbalanced fiscal revenue and expenditure, and carrying out the land reform campaign in the new liberation area. The national economy has been fully restored and developed. In 1952, the total output value of industry and agriculture reached 81 billion yuan, an increase of 77.5%over 1949, and an increase of 20%from the highest level before the founding of New China in 1936. This victory made those suspicion who had to take it to be orally, lamenting that the Communist Party of China had one hand in economic governance.

Witches sludge, carry out education, and actively advocate fresh air. In the two days of the new and old society, the old society forced people into "ghosts", and the new society turned "ghosts" into adults. Our party leads the people to implement equality between men and women, eliminate "yellow gambling poison", ban the "meeting door", and completely break the rules and bad habits left by the dilapidated society. Carrying out the learning campaign of Marxist masses across the country, actively advocating new morals and new fashion, new social appearance, and a significant level of people's political ideology and culture.

Knowledge

Two white and one black

Two white and one black refers to important materials that have been related to the national economy and people's livelihood in the early days of the founding of New China such as rice, cotton yarn, and coal.

Door -to -door door

The gate of the road refers to the folk secret association organization characterized by religious heresy beliefs. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, a few of the Social Down Gate disintegrated by themselves, and most of them continued to move. Some of them were controlled by hostile forces to become the power to oppose the new regime. Clean the house, start another stove, and take the initiative to open the situation. At that time, Western countries led by the United States were hostile to New China and implemented isolation and blockade policies. The international environment facing New China was extremely complicated. We "clean up the house and invite a guest", abolish a series of unequal treaties, and cancel all the privileges in China in China. We pursue the "one -sided" diplomatic policy, established diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union and 10 people's democratic countries, and established formal diplomatic relations with a group of Asian nationalist countries, and gradually opened up my country's diplomatic situation. All this is organized, completely sweeping the humiliation diplomacy of old China, so that New China will board the world stage with a new look.

"Play a punch, so as not to get a hundred punch." The Chinese People's Volunteer Army crossed the Yalu River, and cooperated closely with the North Korean people and the army. On the blood battle on Ganling ... After 3 years of deadly fighting, defeated the strong enemy of armed tooth, hit the national prestige, played the spirit of the Chinese people, won the great victory of the "battle of the country" against the United States and the DPRK, defending the security of New China It shows the status of a great country in New China. Comrade Peng Dehuai said in the "Report on the Work of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army to resist the United States and Aid North Korea". For hundreds of years, Western invaders have been on a coast of the East, and they can occupy the era of a country. It's right.

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The foundation in the transformation

China's road to socialism is the direction and goal determined when the Communist Party of China was established, and it is the inevitable logic of Chinese historical development. However, in China, a semi -colonial and semi -feudal country, which is very backward in China, must go in two steps to realize socialism. First, we can first achieve the victory of the new democratic revolution of anti -imperialism and anti -feudalism before they can be transferred to the socialist revolution. As for how long it takes to transfer to the stage of socialism, it is necessary to determine according to the specific situation of revolutionary practice.

When the founding of New China, our party firmly believed that the new democracy must be transitioned to socialism. At that time, the idea was that it had been "long -term" time. It is estimated that it would take at least 10 years, as many as 15 years or 20 years. However, the changes in the situation beyond their expectations. By 1952, some transitional changes have quietly occurred in my country's socio -economic form. The socialist components have increased significantly in the national economy. Essence How did this happen and why did this happen?

This is because we confiscate bureaucratic capital to owns the country, so that the socialist state -owned economy has developed rapidly and expanded. In the old China ruled by the Kuomintang, bureaucratic capital controlled the lifeblood of the entire country's economy and mastered important fields such as energy, transportation, and banks. It is not the same as the proportion, scale and block. After the victory of the New Democratic Revolution, all the confiscated bureaucratic capital into the state -owned economy made the huge economic force concentrated into the hands of the country, making this confiscation of the nature of the socialist revolution. By 1952, the proportion of state -owned industrial output values ​​will reach 56%of the total industrial output value of the country, and the turnover of state -owned wholesale commerce will account for 60%of the country's total business operations.

This is because we use and restrict the development of private industrial and commercial, which has begun to varying degrees of socialist transformation. During the New Democratic Revolution, our party adopted the basic economic policy of protecting national industrial and commercial, including using its enthusiastic factors and restricting its negative factors. In addition, during the recovery of the national economy, in order to cope with the interference, destruction and illegal behavior in the economic field, and helping private industrial and commercial overcome production difficulties, the state has adopted a series of economic measures with socialist nature, which has deepened the connection between private industrial and commercial and state -owned economy. Make them significantly changes in production relations. History is often like this. In the torrent of the times, many things seem to have not taken the initiative to advance, but under the influence of the general trend, this result is naturally "successful."

This is because we improve the operating efficiency of rural economy after the land reform, and promote the rapid development of mutual cooperation between the vast number of rural agricultural agriculture. After the completion of rural land reform, farmers have been divided into land, but the decentralized labor of one family has a low level of productivity, which is difficult to adapt to the needs of industrialization of food and industrial raw materials, and prone to the abnormal situation of the rich and the poor. According to the understanding and experience at the time, people believe that only by organizing mutual assistance to cooperate can they develop production and common prosperity. During the recovery of the national economy, the simple cooperation mutual aid groups were generally established. The junior cooperatives of land shares began to develop, and all senior cooperatives of the production materials also had several typical experiments. The changes in these rural production relations have actually become the first step of agricultural development in the direction of socialism.

Knowledge

Mutual assistance group, junior cooperative, senior cooperative

The mutual aid group refers to the early 1950s, in order to solve the difficulties of labor, animal power, and agricultural tools in agricultural production, the farmers of our country have established labor mutual assistance organizations established on the basis of voluntary and mutually beneficial. The junior cooperative refers to a semi -socialized collective economic organization that voluntarily organized by individual farmers on the basis of the mutual aid group. Senior cooperatives refer to farmers cooperative economic organizations based on the collective ownership of the main means of production. This is because we are facing a severe and complex international environment, prompting our country to start transition to socialism as soon as possible. At that time, western countries led by the United States threatened the military aggression on our country, politically blocked politically, and strictly blocked the economy. New China was internationally difficult. In the restoration of the economy and the construction of the "Five -Year Plan", only the Soviet Union strongly supported my country to give funding, talent, and technology assistance. In addition, the capitalist countries have exposed many problems, and the development is very downturn, and the vitality of the upward development of socialist countries shows greater superiority. In this case, we chose to learn from the Soviet "big brother" and build and build socialism as soon as possible.

The "Resolution on Several Historical Issues of the Party since the founding of the People's Republic of China" made an in -depth interpretation of the historical inevitability of my country's transition to socialism. Second, the main contradictions in China have been converted to the contradiction between the working class and the bourgeoisie, between the socialist road and the capitalist road; 3. After the land reform, my country's agricultural development status requires individual agriculture to develop in the direction of cooperation.

History co -operates in a specific time and space to jointly promote New China towards socialism. Our party conforms to the historical trend and grasps the initiative of history, and clearly proposes the general route of "one, three reforms" and "integrated wings" during the transition period, and formulate and implement the first five -year plan. Socialist transformation has been basically completed by 1956, and most of the main indicators of the "Five -Year Plan" plan have been completed in advance. At the same time, with the continuous consolidation of the socialist economic foundation, a series of upper -level buildings such as socialist political systems, cultural systems, and social systems have also been established. Orderal stage.

Knowledge

The first five -year plan

my country's first five -year plan, referred to as the "15th" plan, implemented in 1953, and completed in 1957. The basic task is to establish a preliminary foundation for socialist industrialization. During this period, my country successively started construction of more than 10,000 industrial projects, implemented a series of key projects, completed socialist transformation, and initially established an industrial system and a national economic system.

Two wings of one -meterization, three reforms, and one -piece wings

The three reforms are the abbreviation of the party's overall route during the transition period. "Oneization" refers to the gradual realization of the socialist industrialization of the country. "Three reforms" refer to the socialist transformation of the state's socialist transformation of agriculture, handicrafts, and capitalist industrial and commerce. The two wings are the image metaphor of the party's general route during the transition period.

Although the construction of socialism is a long historical process, this is undoubtedly a great victory. The party leads the people to eliminate all the exploitation systems, realize the widespread and profound social change in the history of the Chinese nation, and laid for all the progress and development of our country in my country. The fundamental institutional foundation. Socialist China stood at a new historical starting point with a new look.

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Tall buildings on the flat ground

The first domestic car is offline, the first Yangtze River Bridge is opened to traffic, the first large oilfield is put into production, the first domestic TV is born, the first atomic bomb explosion ... the manufacturing capacity is from weak to strong, and the industrial system has from scratch. The industrial layout has made zero breakthroughs from partial to full, transportation from point to all -to -face, and other causes have achieved major achievements in building socialism. Petroleum workers "rather live for 20 years, and desperately win the big oil fields", national defense technology workers, "do the earth -stimulating things, be a famous name of the surname", the peasants are "ambitious, vowed to re -arrange the river and mountains" ... all walks of life The people are full of affection and enthusiasm. They use their lives and blood to fix their hard -working and hard -working pictures, and build a spiritual identification of building a new country and new society. From 1956 to 1966, it was the ten years of my country's socialist modernization construction. Many achievements not only had a moment of impact on the economic and social development of my country, but also far -reaching, and even today played a basic role.

In China, an Eastern country with a very backward economy and culture to build socialism without sufficient basic conditions, without ready -made experience, it is an extremely difficult cause. Ten years of achievement is completed on a ruins. Even if it was achieved in the case of predecessors, leading goals, and smooth water, it was not easy. Moreover, this is even more valuable to lead the people to lead the people in the abnormal and complex internal and external environment, independent exploration, trials, and continuous correction. Many things look very clear afterwards, but it may not be clearly seen at the time. In the process of exploring the progress, it is often interwoven correctly and wrong, and it has promoted the continuous development of history in the complex curve.

In order to avoid repeating the wrong Soviet model, our party proposed the policy of the Soviet Union as a basic exploration of socialist construction suitable for China's national conditions. Comrade Mao Zedong made in -depth thinking on how to build socialism in China, emphasizing that he should start from my country's national conditions, and "combine the second combination" with the specific actual situation of Marxism -Leninism with China's specific actual situation, create new theories, and write new works. Among them, the more representative is the "Top Ten Relationships" and the "Issues on Correcting the Internal Contradictions of the People", marking that our party has its own new important understanding of how to build socialism. As Comrade Mao Zedong said, the previous economic construction mainly studied foreign experience, and now he has begun to put forward his own construction route, with our own set of content. In order to eliminate bad tendencies in political life and overcome bureaucracy, sectarianism, and subjectiveism, our party conducts a rectification movement in the entire party. However, with the deepening of the rectification movement, very few people took the opportunity to attack the party and socialist system, slandering the party's leadership as "the party world", and required "take turns to sit in the village". This abnormal phenomenon caused the party's alertness, and the organizational force counterattacked rightist attack. It should be said that it is completely necessary to fight against the right of anti -socialism in a timely manner, but due to the error estimation situation, the anti -right is severely expanded. This is a major lesson in the history of the party.

In order to change the country's poverty and backward appearance as soon as possible, the party leads the people to try to make the construction faster to strive for more initiative. However, in the economic construction, an impatient tendency has appeared, and the "Great Leap Forward" campaign of "three years of catching up with Britain, ten years of super beautiful", "how bold people are, and how big are the land", which is almost enthusiastic. The people's commune movement climax of the first and second public "Communist style". Although the subjective desire is good, it violates the objective laws and facts, and the result is contrary to their wishes. Our party quickly discovered this error tendency, and made the efforts to correction "left", which made the situation initially improved. However, the "anti -right" struggle of the "left" process was interrupted, coupled with the suspension of serious natural disasters and Soviet assistance, my country's economic development was worse and difficult. In order to get rid of the predicament, our party decided to adjust the national economy, and proposed the strategic goal of "four modernizations" to unite and consolidate the power of all people into the goal of joint struggle.

History is the result of inevitable and accidental effects, but in the end it must be inevitable. The development of the development of ten years of construction seems to be complicated and complicated, and the roots are wrong. In fact, the main role is two clues. One is the correct theory and valuable experience formed by the party's leading people in the process of exploring the construction of socialism. The other is in practice. The error tendency and profound lesson. From the perspective of ten years, correctness is the main aspect. Achievement is the mainstream of history. The errors are secondary aspects. Settlement is historical tributary. The development of history generally evolve according to the previous clues. From the perspective of the later historical process, although the later clues were temporarily dominated and led to the occurrence of the "Cultural Revolution", the historical trend finally defeated the wrong tendency. Provide historical motivation for China's socialism in the new period.

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Development in twists and turns

The "Cultural Revolution" ten years of civil strife is a painful memory that cannot be erased for the Chinese people, and it is also a cold history worthy of reflection for the Communist Party of China. Only by deeply understanding its serious errors and the harm caused by it can truly realize that people's joy at the end. When the "Gang of Four", which had been in October 1976, was knocked down, the people were rejoicing and cheerful. They held grand assembly and parade in various places to accuse the counter -revolutionary group's heavenly crimes and celebrated the great historical victory of the "Cultural Revolution". Essence

The occurrence of this calamity was not the hard work of someone or a few people, but a complicated and profound social historical reasons. Internationally, New China has always been in a severe international environment. Empires have long hostile and blocked us, trying to open the gap from the inside to achieve the purpose of "peaceful evolution". In addition The danger of the people's regime is subverted by external forces. From a domestic perspective, our party has quickly entered socialism after a long -term brutal war. It lacks experience in building socialism. It is easy to use the experience of class struggle accumulated during the war to a period of peaceful construction. the problem we are facing. Under the influence of internal and external factors, the cause of the party and the state went further and farther in the direction of "left", which eventually caused this big disaster.

The "Cultural Revolution" is a mistake launched by the leader and was used by two anti -revolutionary groups, Lin Biao and Jiang Qing, to bring serious disaster civil unrest to the party, the country, and the people of all ethnic groups. During this period, the party's organization and state power were greatly weakened. A large number of cadres and the masses were brutally persecuted. Democracy and legal systems were wantonly trampled. The most serious setbacks and losses since its establishment have been extremely painful.

But we must also see that the "Cultural Revolution" as a political movement is different from the historical period of "Cultural Revolution". During this period, the wrong struggle between the party and the people and the "left" has not stopped, which has restricted the damage of the civil strife. The nature of the party, the people's regime, the people's army, and the entire society have not changed. Some fields still make important progress. In particular, the results of the third -line construction are noticeable. A number of transportation lines and oil pipeline facilities have been completed, and the performance of national defense technology and civil technology has achieved remarkable performance, which has played an important role in promoting my country's economic development and technological progress. In the first half of the 1970s, my country's diplomatic work opened a new situation, resumed the legal seat in the United Nations, and ushered in the second climax of the establishment of diplomatic relations after the founding of New China. By the end of 1976, the country with diplomatic relations with China had increased to 113, more than doubled from the end of 1969. Knowledge

Three -line construction

The construction of the third line refers to the construction of a strategic rear construction in my country in the 1960s and 1970s. This construction has largely changed the imbalance of the old China's industrial layout, so that a large number of the top military industrial enterprises, state -owned enterprises, and scientific research institutes came to the central and western regions to provide rare development opportunities for the central and western regions to provide rare development opportunities in the central and western regions. Essence

During the two years after the "Cultural Revolution", the work of the party and the state resumed and developed. The chaos in some areas has begun, and the national political life and social order have begun to embark on normal tracks. However, if you want to eliminate the impact of ten years of civil strife in the short term, it is not a very easy thing. In addition, it has been bound by the "two ordinary". At this time, the world economy is developing rapidly, and the progress of science and technology is changing with each passing day. After ten years of disaster, people are eager to expect the party and the country to quickly get rid of the predicament and step forward. In accordance with the requirements of the times and the expectations of the people, led by Comrade Deng Xiaoping himself, a big discussion on the issue of truth standards quickly began in the whole party and the whole society. It opened the gate of thought for the arrival of the new period and provided the theoretical pioneer.

Lenin once metaphorized that socialist construction is like climbing a rugged, unbelievable, unbelievable, and inaccessible mountains, and there is nothing that qualified early. In an oriental country with a special national conditions and a long history to explore a road of socialist construction, it is unimaginable. We have been confused, but we are more firm after adjustment and correction. We have encountered setbacks, but more are the victory after breaking through the wall. We have experienced lingering, but more of the breaking circle after breaking the restraint, so as to make socialism make socialism, so that socialism makes socialism. China has obtained freshmen and continuously sublimated in the test and sharpening.

Source: Communist Party Member Network

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