[Exploring the Secret] The Secret of the Manzi Cave Qi Liang Fangsheng

Barbaria

Liang Fangsheng

[Abstract] In the northeast of Sichuan, there are countless "barbarians". become. In order to clarify how the "barbarians" of these eternal mystery are produced, in the process of tracing the formation of "barbarians", the author conducted on -site inspections on many barbarians caves, and checked relevant documents such as "History of Chinese Civilization". Use empirical analysis methods to restore the story of the "people" nation in the northeast of Sichuan in history.

The inspection proves that the ancestor of the "的" was the joint tribe of the Xia Dynasty. When the Shang Dynasty overthrew the Xia Dynasty, the ancestor of the "Panren" was driven to northeast Sichuan. Cave. Because the people were called "barbarians" in ancient times, the excavated cave was called "barbarians" by the world.

"Manzi Cave" is a valuable material and cultural heritage. It is the "living fossil" and "museum" of the northeast of Sichuan. It is a site of prehistoric human activities.

[Keywords] Barbarians; the fans of the ages; 賨 賨; living fossils; museums; prehistoric human activity sites

Quotation

There are many barbaric holes in Sichuan, most of which are east of Sichuan. There are many sources of "Manzi Cave" in northeast Sichuan. The title of "Manzi Cave" comes from the folk, and it is passed down from the ears of the older generation.

In the process of studying "Manzi Cave", he did not dare to contemid some previous domestic archaeologists, and inferred that "Manzi Cave" is "Cliff Tomb". Due to the different specifications of "Manzi Cave", there are more doubts about the human living environment.

Why is "Manzi Cave" concentrated on the land of Northeast Sichuan? What is its function? Why do most "Manzi Caves" cohabitation? Why is the scale and no record? Why is it inseparable from the word "barbaric"?

To clarify the cause and consequences of the formation of "Manzi Cave", its scale, form, structure and characteristics, historical background, value and significance, is the original intention of "Barbarian Cave".

1. scale and volume

(1) Overview of "Manzi Cave"

1. "Manzi Cave" in northeast Sichuan.

(1) Baidu Encyclopedia Information: According to the third national cultural relics census in Guang'an, there are more than 300 "Manchong Caves" ..... The Manzi Cave in Tong Town, Guang'an Temple was discovered earlier. During the three cultural relics census, it was discovered that in 2012, it was identified as a provincial cultural relics protection unit and named it Tangwan Cliff Tomb.

(2) The information of the Local Zhi Office of Yingshan County: "Fushan Village, Green Water Town ... There are hundreds of barbarians nearby, all of which are chiseling according to the mountains and rivers."

(3) On April 6, 2013, "Guangming Daily" contains: "Yesterday, the reporter learned from the Cultural Management Office of Dazhou Qu County that in the archeology of Shanping Village, Qinglong Township, Quxian County, more than 130 ancient caves were accidentally discovered. The cliff tomb group has a history of more than 1800 years ... "

(4) Dazhou Daily (2013-02-01) contains: On January 24, Xiong Ying, Yu Junhua, Wang Zhong, Zhang Jian and other cultural relics enthusiasts such as the Qixian County Culture Research Association came to 15 kilometers southeast of Qucheng There are five groups in Jinma Village, Langya Town. The village has a hill named Sulongyan ... and others approach the hills. On the cliff of 500 square meters in the square, more than ten ancient caves were found ... ... There are corners in some holes, and some of the "barbaric holes" are connected to form a secret path. The "Manzi Cave" cave wall has been weathered, but the signs of artificial chiseling on the surface of the inner wall are still faintly distinguished ... According to experts and scholars, these ancient holes may be "Manzi Cave" (Ancient Cave) .... .. "There are two barbarians caves connecting, like caves, and like war work. Unlike the cliff tombs." After looking at the photo of Langya "Manzi Cave", the "Manzi Cave" of Langya was , Or war work, not the cliff tomb.

There are many information about "Manzi Cave", which is endless.

2. "Manzi Cave" dense area.

Xiaoqiao Village, Jiange County, Guangyuan City, covers an area of ​​4.2 square kilometers. There are 8 groups in the village. There are only four groups of Barbarians. There are 5 groups of barbarians in five groups. There are 5 barbaric holes in one place. There are 31 rigid holes in the village. It is called "Paradox" or "Polying Cave" locally. There are dozens of "cracks" in various villages in this town, and there are about 400 holes in the town. There are thousands of "barbaric holes" in the middle and upper and upstream watersheds (littering in the clock) where the Jinxian Town is located.

(2) Form, structure and characteristics

1. Form and location.

There are many sandstone beams in the northeast of Sichuan, which are excavated on the gravel rock on the side of the mountain beam. There are caves of varying sizes and diverse forms. Some are round caves and open caves, and the ground is relatively flat. The cave door of the Karmo is about 1.2 to 1.5 meters wide and about 1.8 to 2.4 meters high. There are two types of round and square type, and there are two layers of lintel or multi -layer lintel. Some are near the river, some are located in the middle of the mountain, and some are hidden in the stone cliffs in the tree jungle.

2. Cave structure.

Most mountain beams form a complete natural cliff by the structure of sandstone, powder sandstone, and mudstone. The stone is soft and easy to excavate. The cave is a stone house that is vertically excavated inwardly in the cliff wall, and the size varies. There are squares, which are more common in 3 meters, and there are about 50 cm height, 6 to 70 cm wide stone tables on both sides, or are used for stone beds and placed. The area is like a small bedroom now. The large stone house, with a depth of five or six meters in the cave, about two or five meters wide, and the area of ​​the cave is several square meters or tens of square meters. Or there are corners in the cave, or the two holes are connected to Lianzi Cave, and several holes are connected. Its layout, function, scale, and shape. There are traces of artificial cutting on the surface of the inner wall with a slightly harder cave. 3. Special buildings.

There is no accumulation of water in the "Capital Cave", there is a relatively constant temperature environment, dry in the cave, warm in winter and cool in winter, and can cover the wind and rain. It is a natural and ideal residence. It is closer to the water source near the Cave, which can solve the water for life. Ancient transportation was the most convenient to walk with mountain beams, so the barbarians were mostly built on the cliffs of the side ring of the mountain beam. Building Manzi Cave does not need to consume any building materials, only metal tools, economical affordable. The barbarians are never weathering, which can prevent earthquakes, flood prevention, mud and stone flow, anti -beast -proof attacks, and anti -soldiers.

Second, "Manzi Cave" suspect group

(1) Not recorded

Because Chinese characters cast the characters on the bronze wares from the end of the rope notes, oracle bones, and the later period of Shang Dynasty, they form golden texts. Coupled with the difficulty and scarce of writing materials from bone carvings to bamboo slips, the production of "barbarians" has not been recorded by the ancients, resulting in the loss of the source of "barbaric holes" in the history of human civilization.

(2) Just leave the word "barbaric"

Fortunately, there is a trace of "information" that has not changed throughout the ages and passed down from generation to generation. That is, the title of "Manzi Cave" is uniform, and it brings a word "barbaric".

(3) Different opinions

1. Refuge.

Baidu Encyclopedia: Manzi Cave, "Many villagers believe that during the wartime of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the people's temporary shelter was temporarily avoided. The hidden stone caves excavated on the stone wall were convenient for temporary shelters."

2. Cliff burial group.

There are many people who think that "it should be the tomb, the cliff burial group in ancient times." People are popular in the Bayu area, and corpses can be preserved for a long time.

3. Point lives, cliff tombs, posts.

Li Qingzhong, an expert in "Three Thousand Years of Humanities History -Chongqing Jiangbei District Examination": "The origin of Manzi Cave is an eternal mystery. Many experts and scholars who have been inspected are divergent. There is no conclusion. " Li Qingzhong had his own point of view: "He believes that Manzi Cave is the whistle of the ancient beach city of Ba Zhi."

Third, decrypt the barbarians

(1) Jinxian ancestor is a native

1. Source of data.

(1) In the early Tang Dynasty, the History Museum compiled the "Jin Shu" in Chapter 20: "At the end of the Han Dynasty, Zhang Lu lived in Hanzhong, and taught the people with a ghost Taoist.

(2) In the early 1980s, there was a section of information on the cliff on the cliff wall of Heming Mountain, Pu'an Town, Jiange County: "Because of the ancient swords, especially the people living in Jiannan, they all admire Taoism, and the people are quite admired. Faculty, Lu, and Dan Ding have formed a folklore, illness and funeral, the Taoist priests, and the customs of the runes still exist. " According to Wang Shaoqiang, deputy director of Jiange County Cultural Museum Institute, this information is written by Jiange County Students and engraved to promote the Taoist culture of Heming Mountain in Pu'an Town.

2. The people who live in Jiannan.

Because of the ancient sword pavilion, especially the "Jiannan" sentence, it is the Jinxian area. These people believe in and respect Taoism.

(2) Jinxian's position in northeast Sichuan

1. Southeast minority belongs to Pakistan.

Chapter 126, Page 126, published in 1991, Chapter 12, Chapter 1- "Historical Evolution" contains: "Xia Shang, today Jiange County belongs to Liangzhou. 770-221) Most of them are the jurisdiction of the Shu country, and the southeast is a small part of the Pakistani field. "

2. Jinxian County in the Southern Dynasty.

"Sichuan Langzhong Construction" contains: Eastern Jin Yonghe three years (347) to the seventh year of Liang Tianjian (508) from the Southern Dynasties. -The traditional "movement" and "immortal" ancient sound rhyme), palm sky, and white horse Yiyang six counties.

3. According to the basis.

(1) "Pu'an Heming Mountain Cliff Wall Yin Carving Information" sentence "Especially the people living in the south of Jiannan";

(2) "Southeast Southeast" "Southeast Southeast";

(3) In "Sichuan Langzhong Construction", "Northern Liangbei Babu ... Jurisdiction ... Jinxian and other six counties".

It is confirmed from historical materials that the old Jinxian area is a tribal tribe in the southeast of the ancient Jiange County and the western end of the Pakistani country. In the borders of the ancient vassal states, most of them were formed naturally by various nations or nations occupied the territory. The middle and upper reaches of the West River in the Jinxian (Shengzhong Reservoir area) to the middle and canqu counties are all the fields of people, and they are under the jurisdiction of the Pakistani country. The Jinxian area was planned to Jiange County in the 20th year of Yuan to Yuan (1283), which is 739 years.

(3) The origin of the people of the people

1. The board is pretty.

"Public Digo Sheng" Volume 162: "Brazil's dang can, its people are brave and good, the neighboring mountains overlap, the danger is the same, and the ancients of the ancients." "Brazil's Dangqu" (in the late Eastern Han Dynasty was Dangqu County, Brazil), that is, an important nation living on the west side of the Huayu Shan in ancient times -Banyu Man, also known as the people. "Banyu Man" is the earliest name of the people, and it can be traced back to the end of the summer and early business. 2. 賨 賨.

(1) The term of the people comes from "Jin Shu Litt Zai Ji": "The Ba Renhuu is a puppet, because of the sacrifice of the people." Also known as "Yin people", barbarians. "賨: Nan Manfu also."

(2) In the "Huayang Guozhi · Ba Zhi", the Jin people include the landscape of the "賨 賨" in the Pakistani country, and the "賨 賨" is also generally referred to as the "Baba".

(4) Reveal the "Manzi Cave"

1. Poor chase fled.

(1) "Shan Hai Jing · Dahuang West Sutra" contains: "Someone has no head, fucking Ge Shun, the name of Xia Gengzhi's corpse. , No head, blame, is dropped by Wushan. "

The translation is: Some people have no head, named Xia Geng's corpse (Banyu Man). In the past, Cheng Tang defeated Xia Yan in Zhangshan, defeated Xia Yan, and killed Xia Geng's corpse in front of him (Ban Yan was defeated). After Xia Geng's corpse stood up, he found that his head was gone (the country has died). The blame of guilty, so he went to Wushan. Wushan, that is, the Pakistani country, the Pakistani states the survivor after the Xia Death.

(2) According to the "West China Metropolis Daily" on December 4, 2014: The ancestors of the people and the ancestors of the Zhou people (the descendants of Houyi) also assisted the Xia Dynasty, once the joint tribe of the Xia Dynasty. At the end of Xia Xun in the late Xia, the monarch of Shang Guo, Shang Tang, led Fang Guo (vassal kingdom) to destroy the Xia Dynasty in the "Battle of the Wind". Zhou people ran to Shaanxi and Gansu. The ancestors of the people, the ancestors of the people, were rushed to Hubei from the Central Plains from the Central Plains, and were then rushed to the Pakistani (now Chongqing City) by the Hubei people. Later, he was rushed to the northeast of Sichuan, a wide range of people. Panzhuo migrated through the life and death of the fugitive and survived on the land of 40,000 to 50,000 square kilometers northeast of Sichuan. The reason why the people settled in northeast Sichuan were the result of being chased by Yin people.

2. The truth of the "Tale Valley" of Qu County.

(1) Due to the war of war: Baidu Encyclopedia Zhongqu County "Talen Valley" Scenic Area Introduction: The Valley of the Renren Valley has the only Nauren acupoints in the country and the Tongren Cultural Exhibition Hall; During the pre -Qin period, the people were built on the cliff due to the war, and the cave was built on the cliff, and the cliffs were repaired by the cliff to form a cave house built in the cave. "

(2) Facts: During the period of King Qin Hui, the two brothers of Shu and Yan were not in harmony. The Pakistani invited King Qin Hui to help. The speed is fast, there is a cause, there is no need to build a hole to avoid the war at that time.

(3) Truth: According to the scale of historical materials and the "Paunarium Valley", the human living cave formed by the structure of the human settlement cave was promoted: Banyu Man was chased by Yin merchants to Dangqu (now Qu County), and happened to find a natural canyon. , Great scale. The mountain passage is hanging, the cliff caves are stacked, and the winding circles. There are dozens of caves, and the leaders (heads) of Banban are selected to live here. On the cliff, the house is built with a cave, and the stack of the cliff is formed to form a "cliff residence tribe" built in the cave. After the name of the "名 称" during the Qin and Han dynasties, it was called the "Tale Valley" by later generations.

3. Banyu barbarians excavate the cave.

(1) Banyu Man migrated to the dangqu (now the County), and the leader (head) lived in the cave of the Grand Canyon of Qu County, and the ethnic groups who followed them were scattered to the entire northeast of Sichuan. They were influenced by the leader (head) to the cave, and the leader (head) order was dugged and inhabited. At this time, it was also the final stage of the Neolithic. They imitated the traditional spirit of the original ancestors to eat rocks and stones as a stone as a device to stubbornly reproduce. In this area, there are thousands of barbarians and barbarians. When Banyu migrated to northeast Sichuan, the house has no financial and repairing houses, and the instinct of survival contributes to the cave as a living place. The ancestors of the people are a ethnic minority. The ancient Han nationality was the main body of Huaxia. It was contempt for a minority to be barbarians.

(2) The barbarians are warm in winter and cool in the summer. The ancient supplies were scarce, the environmental conditions were poor, and Manzi Cave was considered a natural and ideal residence. Therefore, some places in Bashu later followed the excavation and used for residence or tomb. Many in modern times have continued to develop. Although it is no longer the excavation of ethnic minorities (barbarians), the name of the barbaric hole has a greater impact. Later generations still call it "barbarians".

4. field survey.

The "barbaric holes" in northeast Sichuan abound, but no matter where they are, as long as they observe it, it is not difficult to find that there is a common characteristic, that is, the sides and below of the barbaric mouth. Waste stone. Even if it is a hard stone cave, it is difficult to find a tiny abandoned stone. There is only one explanation of this phenomenon, that is, the age of the age, which has been weathered, and there is no trace today.

5. In -depth analysis.

(1) Information: On February 28, 2021, the official WeChat "Fang Zhi Sichuan" article "Yingshan Manzi Cave Exploration" published by the official WeChat "Fang Zhi Sichuan" (Author: Wang Gang): "Ninth, the texture from the cave wall See, caves are excavated with iron tools. The large -scale popularization and use of iron tools was the earliest in the Western Han Dynasty. It was flourished from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and there was a history of more than 2,000 years. " "Public Digo Sheng" Volume 162: "Brazil's dang can, its people are brave and good, the neighboring mountains overlap, the danger is the same, and the ancients of the ancients." Judging from the excavated ancient tombs, each tomb has bronze weapons, including swords, spears, crickets, clusters, Xiao Ding, hooks, etc.

Chinese bronze was first appeared in the Xia Dynasty, ending in the Warring States Period, and has a history of 5,000 years. The development of bronze smelting technology in the early days of the Shang Dynasty, many equipment can be used as a tool for excavation.

(2) From the bone carving text to the late Shang Dynasty, there is a golden text on the bronze wares. After the development of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the culture of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period was already a hundred claims. The writing of Chinese characters in the Qin and Han dynasties has matured. If the Western Han Dynasty, Eastern Han Dynasty, and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there were many historical materials to be checked on a large -scale "barbaric hole" or "cliff tomb".

(3) Cliff Tomb: "Manzi Cave" was abandoned after Xing Zhou was destroyed, and some were used as tombs. The cliff tombs exist in China from the Warring States Period to the Wei, Jin, and Northern and Southern Dynasties, and imitate the form of cliff tombs in the room of "Manzi Cave". It was popular in the Han Dynasty. In the Han Dynasty, the tomb of the king of the Han Dynasty was the tomb of the cliff, such as the tomb of the beam of the Liangshan Liang of the Manglian Mountain in Yongcheng, Henan. The cliff tomb was quickly promoted in many places across the country, and some people with financial resources were also adopted. The tomb is the Zhaoling Xuan Palace of Li Shimin in the Tang Dynasty, and the Thirteen Tombs are also this type of tomb. The rise of the cliff tomb is undoubtedly affected by the "barbaric hole" for the beginning of business, so that the cliff tombs after the Warring States Period were generally called "barbarians" by the folk.

(5) Prehistoric site

Ancient Chinese culture includes human society life during the prehistoric culture period, summer, business, and Western Zhou Dynasty. Prehistoric culture refers to the culture of human society before a written record. Archaeological Chinese prehistoric society starts from the discovery of ancient humans, and the lower limit is the age of the Yinxu of Oracle. The prehistoric society referred to by History is the historical period before the literature record, that is, the Western Zhou Dynasty had the stage before the Republican year.

Earlier analysis "Manzi Cave" was excluded by the ancestors of the people in the late summer, more than 3,600 years from (2022). There are literature records in the Western Zhou Dynasty, more than 2860 years since (2022). In the early 750 years before and after the recording of the document record, the barbarians were in the early days before and after the document recorded.

(6) "Manzi Cave" is idle

On December 4, 2014, the West China Metropolis Daily contained: 賨 賨 ..., they helped a large number of Central Plains regimes in war. According to records: Thirteen years after King Zhou Wu's throne (1122 BC), the ancestors of the people were extremely resentful to Yin Shang and naturally joined the anti -Yin Zhou Ji Group. "Banyu Man" formed the Tiger Army (charge soldier) of three thousand people, defeating the powerful Shang Yang as deadly. For more than 800 years, the Zhou Dynasty was established.

After the establishment of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the princes were sealed, and Pakistan was officially registered as princes by the Zhou royal family. Since then, the Pakistani leaders (the ancestors of the Pakistan are the princes and the Banji, and they are collectively referred to as the Pakistani and Pakistan). The living environment of Banyu Man changed, and they walked out of the cave and lived for nearly 500 years.

(7) The continuation of use

The Manzi Cave is the cave and cave house that lived in the early ethnic minorities of the summer business. After being idle, it was borrowed as a tomb after being idle. In the long history of more than 3,000 years, people's use of Manzi Cave is a variety of. Classical Chinese records show that many "south" branches living between mountains and mountains are still in the Tang Dynasty, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and still maintain the custom of living and tombs of caves. In 1969, Ma Lian San, the father of Ma Liangjun, four groups of Ma Liangjun, Xiaqiao Village, Jiange County, Sichuan Province, used the funeral of Yuanlong Temple under the 4th group of Xiaqiao Village. At the beginning of the 21st century, the brothers of the Jiange County (originally belonged to Jinxian Township) Lai Long Village (Wangjiapo) (Wang Jiapo) (Wang Jiapo) (Wang Jiapo) (Wangjiapo), who was on the Shinya Cave on the Shiyan behind the house as a tomb.

Fourth, Conclusion

Multiple information confirmed that the cause and consequences of the formation of "Manzi Cave" were excluded by the ancestors of the puppets in the early days of Shang Yin. This new conclusion adds new content to study the "history of cultural" in China.

The cultural history of Manzidong is the study of the people of the people and their cultural characteristics and their influence in a specific period. They have developed a brave and powerful personality in discrimination. In the unique historical encounters of the Great Return, Banyu Man was forced to excavate large -scale caves for survival, showing the tenacious collective spirit and wisdom of this nation.

Barbarians still exist after thousands of years of wind and dust in northeast Sichuan. It is a valuable material and cultural heritage. The existence of this material cultural heritage is an important part of the history of the cultural history of the Chinese nation. It is the unique site of prehistoric human activities in the history of the world.

references

1. Yuan Xingzheng, Yan Civilization, Zhang Chuanxi, Lou Lie, History of Chinese Civilization, Peking University Press, 2006.04

2. "Guangming Daily", 2013.04.06.

3. Dazhou Daily, 2013.02.01

4. Jiang Chunzheng, "Humanities History Three Thousand Years: Chongqing Jiangbei District Exam", Fang Zhi Publishing House, 2009.035, Fang Xuanling, "Jin Shu", Zhonghua Book Company, 1996: Chapter 20:

6. Cui Jian, "Jiange County Records", Published by Bashu Society, 1992.7: 126

7. Langzhong County Chronicle Compilation Committee, "Jianzhong Construction Following Revolution", 2014.05.21

8. Wang Xiangzhi, "Ji Di Jisheng", Sichuan University Press, 2005.10

9. Chang Yan, "Huayang Guozhi · Ba Zhi", Chongqing Press, 2008.03: 2-25

10. Zou Yan, "Shan Hai Jing · West Western Sutra", Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 2017.12.04

11. Sichuan Archives, West China Metropolis Daily, 2014.12.04

Source: Sichuan Provincial Local House Work Office

Author: Liang Fangsheng

Supply: Guangyuan City Local Chronicle Compilation Center

Picture: Fang Zhi Sichuan

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