Why is the group more easily lying

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The following is the audio of the full text of Miss Sister

Author | Margarita Leib

Translation | Sun Ningyuan

Rewriting | cotton bear

Grade -Cool Brain Creative

Reading | Hu En

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Donelism is contagious. When one of them is a "shameless scammer", their partners are likely to be.

From 2008 to 2015, the team of Volkswagen's engineer team repeatedly forged data from the level of car engine emissions in laboratory tests. Engineers control these vehicles so that they release low -level pollutants in the laboratory, thereby meeting the US and European emission standards. But when these cars are on the road, their emissions are much higher than the standards allowed by the United States, even 40 times higher. This scam called "discharge door" by the media has caused serious consequences. In the United States alone, additional pollution can lead to premature death of dozens of people.

The discharge door is just an example of "cooperative dishonesty" that researchers call. Discussions on team cooperation often emphasize many advantages. For example, group cooperation has improved social relations and helps people solve complex problems that they cannot solve alone. But in other cases, teamwork will also become a fertile soil that breeds dishonesty, just like a Volkswagen scandal.

My colleagues and I have brought together many of the past research data to understand the factors that lead to dishonesty in the group. Our research found that immoral behavior is common in cooperation, but the appearance of lying is not so frequently. This discovery may help the team avoid problems in the future.

Via: Justin Metz for Fortune

We analyzed 34 related research articles written by psychologists, economists and managers, involving more than 10,000 participants. In these experiments, scientists require people to play economic games or perform decision -making tasks as a team. The specific operations of each study are different, but in different experiments, participants can get money with the team with honesty.

In addition, they have the opportunity to earn extra money as a group. For example, in certain tasks, the team may get rewards based on the number of puzzles they solved together. Participants can lie in order to get greater money rewards and exaggerate their problems.

In all research and tasks, we found the group tend to lie. On average, the extra profits they get are 35.6%higher than the profits that they can get the truth. The good news is that this deception is limited, which shows that people still care about moral considerations to some extent.

After all, on average, the team did not obtain 100%additional profits from their lies. For example, in the puzzle task, most teams do not simply pretend to solve all the puzzles.

Via: giphy

In addition, when research increases dishonesty moral costs, for example, telling people that lying will hurt other participants or have a negative impact on charitable donations, and the number of groups to lie will decrease.

The most important thing is that we find that when it involves cooperative dishonesty, the gender and age of team members is very important -the more women in a group, the older the members are, the less the number of this group lied. Past studies have shown that in general, women will be punished more than men because of arbitrary and pursuit of profit maximum. For example, when they require higher salary in the interview. This difference may be one of the reason why women are more honest when working alone and teamwork. However, this idea is only speculated that we need to investigate further to determine its accuracy.

We also conducted an additional analysis to study how the cooperative dishonesty is upgraded and spread over time. More specifically, several studies we analyzed include two people rolling dice multiple times. A person rolls the dice in private, and then reports the results. After their partner knew the result, they also rolled a dice and reported the results. If both people claim to throw the same number, they will get a reward: for example, the double dice of 1-1 may mean that each person gets $ 1, 2-2 dice may mean that each person gets 2 people 2 The dollar, so on. Players can choose to be honest, that is, they can get paid only when they really throw the same numbers. However, in the process of many rounds, some double combinations will be seduced as higher or more frequent rewards to report higher or matching points.

In these studies, we first determine whether any participants have obvious deception. When the data shows that some people only report the number 6, or the same points are reported in all rounds, we call these unlikely so lucky gamblers as "shameless scammers". (Considering that in the most common 20 rounds of honest reports, the probability of throwing numbers 6 or two people is very small, less than 0.001%.)

Then we studied the possibility of their partner's partner. The data is clear: dishonesty will be contagious. When one of them is a "shameless scammer", their partners are likely to be. Cooperative deception will also be upgraded over time. In the subsequent rounds, compared with the previous round, the first person to roll the dice is more likely to report higher numbers, and their partners are more likely to report the same number.

Via: The it cryd

Cooperative dishonesty is obviously a major harm of teamwork. But our discovery pointed out that in teamwork, people can encourage honesty through specific ways. For example, we find that cooperative dishonesty will be contagious and upgrade over time, which indicates that people should pay attention to early signs of dishonesty in the group and take action.

Several strategies may help. Managers can adopt a zero -tolerance policy even to prevent them from upgrading and spreading. In order to increase early discovery of dishonesty, they can develop policies. When the reporter discovered dishonesty, they forgive them to participate in improper behavior. Finally, just like some managers ask their employees to report immediately when there is an error to avoid greater subsequent impacts. When involving dishonesty behaviors, similar methods can also be used. Grasp it before the cooperative dishonesty to spread, and can better strangle it in the bud.

When we know that others are hurt by lies, the group will become more honest, which shows that we should emphasize the negative consequences of dishonesty in cooperation. In the discharge door incident, it may be possible to remind people how excessive pollution causes damage to society, which may be able to inhibit the willingness of mass engineers to tampering with automotive engines from the beginning.

Via: Theitcrowd

Reference (click slide to view)

1.Alberici, A. I., Milesi, P. (2016). Online discussion, politicized ideas, and collective action. Group Processes Intergroup Relations, 19 (1), 43-59.

2.Barrett, S. R., Speth, R. L., Eastham, S. D., Dedoussi, I. C., Ashok, A., Malina, R., Keith, D. W. (2015). Impact of the Volkswagen emissions control defeat device on US public health. Environmental Research Letters, 10 (11), 114005.

3.Bowles, H. R., Babcock, L., Lai, L. (2007). Social incentives for gender differences in the propensity to initiate negotiations: Sometimes it does hurt to ask. Organizational Behavior and human decision Processes, 103(1), 84-103.

4. Eleib, M., Köbis, N., Soraperra, I., Weisel, O., Shalvi, S. (2021). Collaborative Dishonesty: A Meta-Analytic Review.

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