See how big stars such as Bai Yang, Qin Yi, and Shangguan Yunzhu lived to bring "goods" in the past

Author:Jiefang Daily Time:2022.07.09

In April 1949, the People's Liberation Army "Millions of Millions Crossing the River", such as breaking bamboo, frequent reports, Shanghai ushered in liberation. The urban financial environment is stretched and difficult to return. Prior to this, the Kuomintang regime, which was expected to end, fled to the other side of the Strait, and was originally stored in the "Far East First Valley" under the "Far East First Valley" under the 74th Dianchi Road Building. Golden coupons have long been reduced to waste paper. During the critical period of this historical turning point, if you want to revive the economy and restore your vitality, you can't lack real gold and silver.

RMB landing in Greater Shanghai

After the People's Liberation Army took over Shanghai, the East China East District of the People's Bank of China was established on May 30, 1949. For many citizens who have been dealing with the Bank of China Bank and Qianzhuang, this new financial institution has a few pounds for the economic capacity of the Grand Cities.

The name of the People's Bank of China is a board taken by Chairman Mao Zedong. When discussing the issue of "establishing a central finance and banking", some people suggested that the upcoming central bank consists of the merger of relevant banks in the liberated area. "Or" joint currency "to adapt to the development of the development of the revolutionary united front and the political, military, and economic needs of the process of liberating the war; some people advocate that the purpose of the Communist Party of China is to serve the people forever. The atmosphere and grounding, the currency follows the "RMB".

Facing several options in the request report, Mao Zedong drew the circle on the word "people". Soon, the first batch of renminbi tickets just released to Xibaipo, Mao Zedong held a brand new RMB: "The people have their own arms, their own regime, and now they have their own banks and currencies. That's really the Republic of the people as the master! "

Renminbi landing in Greater Shanghai, a major problem in the market circulation is to collect the golden coupons in the hands of citizens? Earlier, the National Government issued a golden coupon crazy, absorbing the people of the people. The speed of currency depreciation is no longer the market price of the morning and evening, but it is calculated according to the clock -oriented second table. It is circulated in the field: "There are three streets in the street, and the prices are jump three jumps. Wages are like ice cream, and they will get rid of it." The golden coupon with a messy reputation and a waste paper is equivalent to the Communist Party who wants to "pay" for the cleverness of the old regime.

Do not make the people hungry! "If we dare not bear such responsibilities, it is not the real Communist Party." The people's government decisively decided to exchange at 100,000 yuan in RMB 1 folding gold vouchers. In just 5 days, Shanghai received a total of 36 trillion yuan in gold vouchers, accounting for 53%of the total issuance of the National Government's Golden Coupon. This situation is greatly unexpected. According to Chen Yun, then director of the Central Finance and Economic Committee, if all the golden coupons circulated on the beach will take about 400 million yuan, but the total amount of currency in actual needs is far more than that.

To this end, Yang Bingchao, the director of the Beihai Bank Issuing Bureau, was transported to 40 trucks, and the new first set of RMB was full of clusters. From Danyang, it arrived at the Golden Gate Hotel where the Finance and Trade Group of the Shanghai Military Management Association was located. Following the people's liberated areas southward, the cadres of the liberated areas south also quickly took over the central printing plant located in Caoyang Road Bridge. The original U.S. banknote printing equipment and the printing version brought by the liberated area were used to start the RMB every day. At the same time, the People's Bank of China set up 369 exchange points in the city to adopt unlimited and different redemption strategies.

The People's Liberation Army will escort the renminbi to the bank, and the major banks in Shanghai will open an exchange point

At the beginning, the RMB exchange progress was relatively smooth. The people who were "injured too deep" in the golden coupon rushed to the exchange point, and some even carried sacks and pushed the car to transport them. The golden coupons of the agency points of various banks in the city and the money house were continuously sent to the People's Bank of China. Because there are too many quantities, the bank warehouses are "burst" at once, and the business hall, corridor and even toilets are full of gold coupons. In the end, the rapid decision, the People's Bank of China completed the collection of exchange in 7 days.

Shanghai is a concentration of financial capital. Due to the manipulation of speculative capitalists, the ratio of RMB and silver circles has increased from 10: 1 to 30: 1, and many stores only use silver circles to bid products. Steady heel. make a prompt decision! Chen Yun instructed the Shanghai Municipal People's Government to use military forces to seize the "base camp" of Hankou Road Securities Building, which was gathered by speculators, 238 illegal arrests of the arrest law, and banned a number of "pile molds" on the street. While starting the "financial defense war", in order to allow citizens to find a legitimate way out due to the silver circle purchased by citizens, the People's Bank of China set up some outlets to collect silver circles slightly lower than the price of the black market. By the end of 1949, a total Meet.

Check the underground bank. Liberation Daily Information Photo

Several storms, twists and turns. The renminbi finally entered the center of the new Shanghai economy.

Movie stars also come to "live broadcast"

Shanghai, known as "Eastern Paris", ushered in dawn. When the then director of the Military Management Council and the mayor of Shanghai, Chen Yi handled a series of difficulties in this year's largest city. For less than half a year in Shanghai, I actually experienced four price storms. The flowers votes flying around, the currency value fell thousands of feet, and the price was high. How can the market be flat? How to stabilize finance? Chen Yi invited people in Shanghai Digital Finance and the business community to the office to "chat" to find the prescription of Shencheng's economy. The highest leadership of the Shanghai Municipal People's Government "put down the body", happy to make friends with bankers and entrepreneurs, and promote their knees. The suggestions and suggestions said that it was necessary to be in the same time as the new regime, and it was difficult to overcome. Compared with social chaos such as the turbulent situation, political corruption, and economic order in the mid -to -late 1940s, the clear, honest and efficient of the people's government and the financial regulatory authorities allows the stormy bankers and money manager to see the eyes. In my heart. To this end, some private banks and Qianzhuang did not choose "closing the door". Instead, they actively cooperated with the financial policy of the People's Bank of China to perform their skills in the allowable market space to add bricks for the recovery of the industrial and commercial economy in the early days of the liberation of Shanghai.

At that time, the common people were "bitten by snakes". In order to avoid currency depreciation, they were unwilling to deposit the money to the bank. "Things" civil trading activities to resist inflation. In response to the situation, Mayor Chen Yi convened the people's Bank of China and other departments to study and decide to launch people's victory and discounted public debt, discounted savings and other businesses in 37 cities including Shanghai, including Shanghai, in order to absorb social tourism and stabilize financial prices. To relieve market pressure, and gradually dispel the panic mentality of people's coins to buy.

As the name suggests, "discouragement" is the mixed price of people's daily necessities into a discounted unit, such as white japonica rice, raw oil, coal balls, faucet and other items. The unit price is regularly announced by the People's Bank of China. When subscribing or deposit, the principal is converted into several units, and the principal and interest are still paid according to the number of units that deposit and the daily adjustment of the daily adjustment to ensure that the deposit is "shrinking" without the price of the price. In other words, how many things can the banknotes buy on the day of the deposit, and it is guaranteed to buy so many things on the day of withdrawal. "Ren Er's wind is surging, and I don't move myself." The value difference formed by the rise in prices will be subsidized by national banks to ensure the normal performance of the RMB function.

The people's victory in 1950 discounted public bond ticket samples

The deposit absorbed by Shanghai's discounted savings increased from 730,000 yuan on November 10, 1949 to 4 million yuan at the end of November, which increased more than 4 times in just 20 days. At that time, Shanghai was the average price of a standard unit with 1 liter of white japonica rice, 50 grams of oil, 0.5 kg of coal balls, and 1/3 meters of faucet. It was a standard unit.

Drums need to knock heavy hammers. In order to vigorously promote the people's victory in discounted public debt, literary and art workers went together to cheer for marketing. The cartoonist Zhang Leping immediately waved the publicity poster of "Sanmao Subsulation Public Debt". In the painting, San Mao was replaced with new outfits. In addition to the Master of Comic Masters, the well -known film actor Bai Yang, Qin Yi, Shangguan Yunzhu, Huang Zongying, Shu Xiuwen, etc., who were well -known that year also went to Shanghai People's Broadcasting Station to drink, "buy more branches of debts, that is, to increase one point of strength", mobilize The citizens are enthusiastic, which may be the earliest star "live broadcast" form.

Film actors Bai Yang and Huang Zongying went to the radio to promote the discounted public debt

Soon, in order to overcome the disadvantages of the first set of RMB tickets, large tickets, rough printed, and difficult to distinguish the masses, the second set of RMB was available in time. At that time, the conversion rate was 10,000 yuan, which was equivalent to S $ 1, and the old currency below the four houses. The interests of the people are also vague. When the People's Bank of China has stipulated in the exchanges of the old currency, the zero old currency (100 yuan exchanged for the new currency for 1 cents) of the zero -earnings of less than 100 yuan takes the method of "finding the real thing". , 18 yuan for a steel needle. It can be said that the baht must be compared, and it is meticulous.

All people's savings "chorus"

At that time, although banks had no concept of "marketing", they all tried to use various measures to actively raise funds through various channels to support the large -scale economic construction of the country. One mouth, two legs, and the "Mr. Running Street" of the old bank transformed into a savings propagandist, walking on the street to promote the significance of patriotic savings, and "knocking on the blackboard" to the citizens to explain the savings charter and methods; Enterprise, Lane Street, and joint work system to facilitate the depositors' deposits and prizes; reduce the starting point of the deposit in a timely manner, launch a small amount of flowers with a prizes and savings, and spend 1 yuan per month for the storage household On the deposit list, you can participate in the lottery in one year. The Shanghai Branch of the People's Bank of China also produced and issued the Patriotic Savings Memorial Course and Memorial Medal, presented to stores actively participating in patriotic savings.

Patriotic Savings Propaganda Paintings

There is a saying that "everyone picks up firewood and flames." 1 yuan, now it is not valued, and in the early days of Shanghai's liberation, it was previously saved propaganda to calculate countless exciting construction chapters: if each person saves 1 yuan, the country can accumulate hundreds of millions of yuan. What do you do? You can build a railway 1204 kilometers, 32 annual output of 100,000 gauze textile factories, 12 chemical fertilizer plant for 50,000 tons, 2 annual output of 1 million tons of steel plants, 5 million tons of fertilizer, 50,000 tractors, purchase 4,8200 units of liberated licenses, and so on. The bank explains the benefits of patriotic savings with the most similar data and language, straightforward and kind, simple and eye -catching. Simple savings, New Year's money savings, non -food subsidy savings, pocket money savings, capital preservation and savings, current check savings ... There are endless and countless stratums in various names, and the most attractive eye -catching is the patriotic savings. The bank uses part of the interest as a bonus, a regular award, and the citizen will be promoted to participate in savings interest. Lottery, you can receive the prize on the 10th ", and also explained the benefits of the existence of the nation -owned prize savings to two years, that is, the greater the help of the national factories, the opening of the mining, repairing the railway, and strengthening the national defense , The more the personal change accumulates. " All these, the number of recruits can be visible, touched, and obtained.

The discounted public debt publicity painting published on the Jiefang Daily (Newspaper information)

Under the inspiration of the patriotic spirit, the people of Shencheng actively responded to save every copper plate, and handed it over to the "mobile banks" around them to make the production and construction. At that time, the "Jiefang Daily" reported two social news, and from it, you can feel the rolling waves set off for patriotic savings: one is that a bank savings have used 42 minutes, bitterly, moved, and know how to know, to know it, so he knows it. It is reasonable, persuading an elderly female worker to take out 10,000 yuan for old coins, deposit in the bank, and support the construction of the country, thereby driving other female workers to participate in savings; "Savings Song", widely sung, rendered the atmosphere, and improved the enthusiasm of workers in the factory to participate in savings.

There is also a type of deposit in the suburbs of Shanghai, which is specifically prepared for the grain planting people. The farmers hand over the grain harvested to the country. The food bureau does not give the existing money. Get money. This is the "Urban Suburban Grain Cotton Preferential Savings Savings Form". At this time, the People's Bank of China, although "falling to the ground" shortly after, has been relatively strict in business procedures, and the unique features of banks serving economic construction are on the paper. Pay attention to a little, the deposit list also has a poke with "Acting the People's Bank of China Savings" and "a certain post office", which reflects the private banks or postal institutions of Shencheng in the past. Patriotic and economic construction have added bricks.

The people published on the Jiefang Daily enthusiastically purchased a photo of discounted public debt (Newspaper information)

"Savings are the manifestations of patriotism." In May 1949, Shanghai residents 'savings deposits were only 7 million yuan. By the 3rd anniversary of Shanghai Liberation in 1952, the city's residents' savings deposits had exceeded 200 million yuan, occupying 1/4 of the country. The people of Shanghai sang "good socialism" and stepped into the new era of prosperity.