Acknowledge ignorance, surpass a limited life in reading

Kafka once said such a sentence:

"I think we should only read those books that bite us and tingle us. The so -called book must be a ax that cuts to the sea of ​​frozen in our hearts."

Why do you want to read? Go out of the inherent narrowness, understand the prejudice of self, understand the world, and transcend the world.

On Friday, a reading experience of Luo Xiang, a professor of law, shared by the law, he shared the meaning of reading and four realms from four dimensions, hoping to inspire you.

Author | Luo Xiang

Source | Literature Newspaper

The original text was sorted out from Luo Xiang World Reading Day experience, which was included in the book "Details of the Law".

It is still a bit disturbed. I am a very ordinary teacher and is full of prejudice, stupidity, arrogance, self -deception and vanity that everyone may have. I usually don't have much hobby. Reading is the way I pass the time and fight against nothingness, and my reading experience only represents the experience of personal experience.

Some people think that reading is very low, and waste of money and time is contemporary anti -intelligence; some people advocate wisdom too much and push the knowledge to the point where there is nothing to add, it is Shangzhi. In my opinion, these two views may be wrong. Anti -intelligence is a stupid prejudice, but it is not a kind of stupid prejudice.

Now, a person advertises that he loves reading, sometimes with some exaggerated ingredients. In my opinion, the superiority and high sense of superiority brought by this "love reading" are usually unskilled performance.

We mentioned before that "intelligence" and "wisdom" are two different things. Many people with outstanding intelligence do not necessarily have wisdom. There are many intellectual and developed people, but they are actually very ignorant.

I have always thought that true wisdom must be negative, that is, to acknowledge my ignorance. Reading is to climb the ladder of wisdom. This is actually a paradoxic existence. We read books because of ignorance, and reading let us truly acknowledge our ignorance and shallow. Refusing to read is certainly a kind of stupidity, but it is a greater stupidity to breed pride and arrogance because of reading.

Many philosophers have a paradoxic understanding of books.

Samuel Johnson believes that the popularity of reading helps readers' ideological liberation and democratic progress in society, but he is worried that some reading that does not meet the norms or lack of selective reading may promote the arrogance and prejudice of readers.

Socrates has also used "drugs" to write metaphorical writing. Books are like medicines, maybe a good dose, or a dose of poison.

Today, I still want to talk about reading in this paradoxic vision. My limited energy and experience remind me that there may be four dimensions in reading, or four realms.

01

Escape the world in books

This world is not good, we often see sad and angry news. Every day's work and life are not happy, even tired, the workplace is unsatisfactory, and the emotions are not falling.

Many people use reading to escape reality. When we are immersed in books, reality seems to exist. I also often use reading to escape the reality, and temporarily forget the flying dogs in the real world. "

I like the author of "The Legend of Nania" C.S. Louis. He was addicted to reading when he was a child. He thought that the world in the book was more real than the outside world.

Louis claimed that the books in the family overflowed from the study. He regarded books as the safest and most warm refuge in the world, could protect his mind and stay away from all kinds of misery.

However, the beautiful world built in the book collapsed with the death of her mother. The book did not provide him with a real shelter. When he came out of the world of imagination, he still had to face this eye -catching, painful, and heartbroken world.

If the book is just a tool for us to escape the world, then when you are in the study, you seem to have the power to fight against the entire world. But when you walk out of the study, you will find that you are still the weak cowardly generation. Isn't this a self -deception? If reading is just evading, what is the difference between indulgence? Isn't it all to escape the life of mediocre and emptiness?

A person who shops at all night and a person who reads a night book is not all temporary excitement, and fatigue afterwards, come back and return to prosperity?

Escape may be useful, but the dilemma of the real world will not disappear because of escape.

02

Create the world in books

The world is not perfect, but humans like to pursue perfection. We will use imagination to depict the perfection, so that we can temporarily ignore the imperfections of the world. When we see a semicircle, we will definitely make up for a complete circle. Human pursuit of perfectness may be rooted in the depths of the soul. The sunset, Yunjuan Yunshu, only human beings will think and move.

When I was a kid, I liked watching martial arts novels, because it merged with my heroic imagination.

In real life, I am often bullied. Because I am tall and thin, I am seen by my classmates as aliens, and I have been said to have "giant disease".

Although he looks tall, he does not play basketball, so he is even more looking down on. I fell off my legs on the first day and was nicknamed "Lingzi". This nickname always followed the senior year.

In martial arts novels, I will imagine myself as a hero who is happy.

Many times, we are dissatisfied with reality and pursue the completeness in books. But this kind of completeness cannot be completely fictional. Any assumption in the mind is based on the existence of the real world. Perhaps the perfect pursuit is our factory setting as a human factory. Whenever we encounter imperfections, we will activate this instinct and imagine and create a perfection in books.

However, imagination is just imagined after all. The perfection we gain in books is still imperfect in the real world. When you are like an ostrich, your head is buried into the sand of books, and the world does not really become perfect. The beauty created is not true, and with strong hypocrisy and self -deception.

Ian McUan's "Atonement" has given me a deeper understanding of the self -deception created by this text.

In the 1930s, Britain, class concept was very serious. The protagonist is born in the rich family and is a girl with rich imagination and good at writing.

The 13 -year -old Talis unconsciously fell in love with the housekeeper's son Robby, but she also knew that Robby fell in love with her sister. One day, when she saw Robbie and her sister Cecilia, she had an exceptional behavior, and she was undercover in her heart, jealous, anger, shame, and prejudice. Since then, Robbie is determined that Robbie is a hooligan.

When her cousin Rolla was raped, she only saw the fuzzy figure of the criminal in the dark, and she was convinced that it was Robbie. As the only witnesses, she pointed to Robby very certainly. In this sentence, Robby was sentenced to imprisonment.

She completely ruined the happiness of Robbie and her sister's life, and she began a long way to atone for atonement.

What this book reflects on me is that her atonement is completed by text. Talis later became a very successful novelist. In the book, she fictionally finaled her sister and Robbie to make herself liberate.

In the end, she made up for a lie with a lie. This fictional story is her true thought, but it is her desire that she cannot realize. Text has become a moral bubble bath, but can this really atonement?

Similar works include Shihei Yixiong's "Long Days", which describes the self -deception of human nature to the fullest. The Swedish Academy summarized the creator of the Nobel Prize in Literature as "memory, time, and self -deception". Human beings' attachment to good memories will make people unable to get out of fantasy. This may have a positive side, but it is more likely to move towards self -deception. "

I often reflect on myself. I read a lot of books that reflect war, famine, and poverty, and then get a sense of moral superiority. I am in the same feeling of suffering for others, crying for the suffering of others, and sadness for others' suffering. I feel that I feel a moral and noble person, but am I really immersed? Did I help really help?

Tang McCarin is an outstanding battlefield photographer. A photo of a child of African albinism is shocked. Black children who suffer from albinism in the photo are as thin as firewood and dying.

And in some areas of Africa, children with albinoma are considered the incarnation of the demon. They were persecuted for superstition and even dismembered for witchcraft.

But to be honest, my movement is just an instant. I actually did nothing, but I just shed a few tears.

Russell claims that he has three motivations to live: one is the desire for love, the other is the pursuit of knowledge, and the third is the sympathy of irreplaceable human suffering.

But Russell only loves conceptual humans and do not love specific people. He loves the people and pains for their suffering, but he is still far away from them; he advocates equality for everyone, but has never given up his county titles; he advocates equality between men and women, but to have greater sexual freedom to pour flowers.

Yuan Teng Zhou Zuo has a word in the book "Silence "-" Sin, not what ordinary people imagine, such as theft and lying. The so -called sin refers to a person's life through another person, but forgot to forget the life, but forget it Snow mud claws staying there ".

If we just read a world of imaginary, but we are unwilling to enter the real world and care about the true suffering of others in the real world, then this self -deceived reading is actually meaningless.

03

Understand the world in books

Reading can make us temporarily forget the real world and to solve our our depression, but after all, we must have the power and courage to enter the world.

In a sense, reading is not only a birth and a kind of entering the WTO.

There is an American journalist who has continued to interview Mother Teresa for more than 30 years. When he was old, he asked Mother Teresa: "Why can you take care of those dying patients and wash their feet and wipe their bodies, but I am Can't do it? I was moved by my behavior, but I still can't do it. "

Teresa told reporters: "Come, there is someone in front of you need your help. You can clean up dirt for her and give him a human dignity. Don't always think about it."

Therefore, we need to understand the world in books, because reading allows us to have the power and courage to enter the world. Books can expand our experience as an individual and let us integrate the sum of human experience.

Every other is related to themselves. Whether it is past people, people now, or future people, we all live in the story of human overall experience. We can teach in the story of others. This is why we are moved when we read the British poet John Don's "Who Wet the Bell":

No one is an island isolated from the world,

Everyone is part of the earth;

If the sea flow is flushed away,

The mainland lost one piece,

Just like losing a sea of ​​sea,

Such as friends or lost their homeland;

Anyone's death is damaged,

Because I am closely related to humans;

Therefore, don't inquire about who the bell is sounding,

It sounds for you.

Whether it is fiction or non -fiction, it is actually to explore how human beings should choose in different situations. Although our individual is unique, the individual is not unique in the total experience of human beings. We often say that everyone's sadness and joy may not be connected. From an individual perspective, it may be right, but it is not accurate to put it in the total experience of human beings.

Every great work will let you know more and understand yourself.

I like William Gordin's "Fly King". Every time I read it, I can understand the darkness deep in my heart. I feel that I am more evil, darker and degenerate than I think.

The books of Dostoevsky will make you deeply recognize the complexity of human nature;

Huxley's "Beautiful New World" will allow you to reflect on technology and happiness.

In short, every great work is the questioning of your soul, helping you reflect on yourself, get out of prejudice, and cause you to think about whether the concepts that are self -righteous are really impeccable.

If you yearn for success, then I recommend a book that makes you feel disappointed, Balzak's "Donkey Skin". There is a donkey skin in the world that can fulfill all your wishes, but with the realization of your wishes, the donkey skin will shrink and your life will be shortened. Do you want to accept this donkey skin?

If you are proud and full of ambition now, you may open Shakespeare's "Macbeth".

Tomorrow, tomorrow, another day, one day, one day, until the last second of the last second;

All of us yesterday, but the path to the dying soil was illuminated for the fools. Go out, go out, short candlelight! Life is just a shadow of walking. A poor man who pointed at the stage on the stage, appeared on the stage, quietly retreated in silence and no stink;

It is a story that a fool tells, full of noise and commotion, but it can't find a little meaning.

If you are driven by a strong sense of mission, and even for the mission as a tool, I recommend you to read another book "Church Tower" in Gordin. A self -deception?

The more we understand the world, the more we understand ourselves.

04

Begamed the world in books

If books cannot give us the power of darkness, then reading is meaningless.

The novel "Stealing the Book" runs through the gray era, but there are still many warmth and touching. During the "World War II", the Jewish girl Lisser lived in a difficult German life. She couldn't help stealing the book. These stolen books inspired her soul and gave her hope.

In the process of reading, I often want to change to me if I have the courage to have the courage of the Hans family.

Although the Hans in the novel did not hide the Jews in prison, in reality, Koli was sent to the Nazi concentration camp because of the shelter, and her old father and sister died tragically.

The overall experience of human beings is often tortured our hearts. Whether these books can help us become a highlight in the long river of human history.

Although this kind of highlight is just a kind of stupidity in some people, just like the reminder in the "idiot" in "Tomples": "Being good is an idiot, benevolence becomes useless, and the violent shows power. In order to be reasonable, Meimei is destined to be trampled and destroyed, but the evil is increasingly unscrupulous and disturbing everything. "Duke Meishkin did not shake the deep -rooted net. He could not do anything for this world. He could only return to his own. Pure land. But does this world really have pure land?

If there is no pure land, do we have to be an idiot?

This may be why Teresa says such a paragraph:

If you do good deeds, people will say that you must be a selfish hidden motivation. Anyway, do good deeds.

What you do today will be forgotten tomorrow. Anyway, do good deeds.

If you succeed, you will get fake friends and real enemies. In any case, it is still successful.

What you consume for years may be destroyed. Anyway, we still have to build.

You are honest and hurt. In any case, treat people frankly.

The most popular and tolerant person may be knocked down by people with narrow hearts. In any case, it still has to be high.

People do need help, but when you really help them, they may attack you. In any case, we still need to help others.

To deduct the best things you have to the world, you may be bite. In any case, we still have to dedicate the most precious things to the world.

This may be what the philosopher Aquina said by the institute, and the only meaning we live in today is to surpass this life. This is the four realms I think of reading. We escape the world, create the world, understand the world, and surpass the world in books.

Everyone is very familiar with the fairy tales "Three Pigs". In order to resist the big gray wolf, the three piglets were built a house. The elder brother covered the grass house and the second brother covered the wooden house, but the third brother was not in trouble to build a strong sturdy. Stone house. In the end, only the stone house was not knocked down by the big gray wolf, protecting the safety of three piglets.

I think the houses built by piglets can symbolize human ideas and defend ourselves. We must all survive according to certain ideas. A lofty concept can hold people up, and a humble concept will reduce people's dignity.

In a sense, reading is precisely the great concept of standing on the basis of the overall experience of human beings.

Only this great concept can give us the dignity of human beings, which can make us live a meaningful, purposeful, and secure sense, which can make us beyond temporary trivial and limited. Looking at our daily life, this concept can also help us resist the difficulties and hardships of life like a stone house.

Regardless of the popularity of diseases or the invasion of foreign ethnic groups, human body may be easily destroyed, but this great concept is surviving.

Only when humans stand on the great concept can humans feel their nobleness and value. The great concept creates great humans. I always feel that the university is not in the building, not in the master, nor is it in the big official, but in the great concept.

There is a basic controversy in philosophy. Some people say that Socrates and his students have built Western philosophy buildings together. Plato discussed the common phase, and Aristotle discussed.

However, those who pursue common phase can easily master the absolute truth and be too arbitrary; only talk about diversification, and it is easy to fall into the misunderstanding of relativism. significance.

You will find that only when we understand the common phase can we understand the different phases. If there is no pursuit of universal concepts, only pursuit of personalization and diversification may cause significance to dissolve, just like when Confucius died, he said to Zigong: "Taishan is worse! Liangzhu is destroyed! The philosopher wither!"

Therefore, my personal reading experience is to try my best to find the combination of common and special. We pay tribute to the sages with reading, because they are our predecessors in pursuing wisdom. Only humble can we truly understand the sages of their predecessors.

Through books, we stand on the shoulders of their predecessors and may see higher. But please note that even if you stand tall, you are still infinitely far away from the sky. Our pursuit of wisdom is endless. Only by admitting that your ignorance and limited can continue to chase wisdom.

We need to have the pursuit of universality, because only great generals can resist the impermanence of the world, and we can fight the daily mediocre and trivial, but we must respect the diversity, and the consequences can be in the wisdom of Socrates. Combined.

This denial of wisdom will not be arbitrary and arrogant even if we explore the vastness of truth. The more we know the truth, the more we will only make ourselves humble, the more respect, and the difference, the same difference, and the same dust as the light.

We are ignorant, so we read, we read, so the more we admit our ignorance.

The picture in the article comes from Tuwu's creativity, and the reprint needs to be authorized.

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