People's Daily ｜ Kindergarten at the door of the Village Wafa Home

"People's Daily" (July 08, 2022, Edition 13)

Ruicheng County, Shanxi Province explores the comprehensive management of rural divisions in Zhizhi Kindergarten, and promote the integration of urban and rural areas in preschool education

Attractive

Ren Shuxiang's family has two babies. In the past, the boss was the old kindergarten in the village, the cement floor, and the child had injured in the garden. "The second child enters the new kindergarten in the village, and there are many conditions in all aspects." Then, Ren Shuxiang stepped on the plastic ground.

A row of old houses in the park was converted into a parental rest area, which was neatly placed with sofas and seats. From time to time, children's laughter came from time to time in the classroom.

Ren Shuxiang is a villager in Yangzu Village, Yangcheng Town, Ruicheng County, Shanxi Province. The original kindergarten in the village is called Yangzu Village Kindergarten. Today, it is called Yangzu Park in Yishan Street Kindergarten in Ruicheng County. The change is not just the name.

Ten years ago, Ruicheng County explored the implementation of the urban -rural integrated parking model of the county straight kindergarten in rural areas and comprehensively managing rural weak parks, continuously improving the level of rural kindergartens, so that rural children can enjoy high quality at their doorsteps to enjoy high quality at their doorsteps. Preschool education.

It is a major decision -making and deployment made by the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and it is a major people's livelihood project made by the party and the government for practical work for the people. In November 2018, the "Several Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Deepening the Reform of Preschool Education" was issued and issued, which proposed that "the county is used as a unit to formulate a kindergarten layout plan, and the construction of inclusive kindergartens will be incorporated into urban and rural public management and public service facilities unified "Planning" and "vigorously develop rural preschool education. In principle, at least one public central park is run in each township.

According to the "Ten Years of Education" press conference held by the Ministry of Education on April 26 this year, since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, preschool education has achieved leapfrog development and historic achievements. 62.3%increased to 88.1%in 2021.

Continue to make efforts to promote the popularization of Plaza's safety and high -quality development in preschool education. Ruicheng County has reached 99.5%in three years in the past three years. In December 2021, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the State and Rural Revitalization Bureau released the third batch of typical cases of 21 national rural public services. The list is famous.

Not long ago, the reporter came to Ruicheng County, which is located at the junction of the three provinces of Jin, Shaanxi and Henan, and the Yellow River turned around towards Dongda's turning point to explore the road to urban and rural integration.

Explore new roads

The county Zhi Kindergarten is in the rural branch to fully manage the weak park in the countryside

In the summer harvest, the children of the Yangzu Division of Yashan Street Kindergarten are experiencing the wheat. Photo by Xiao Yongjie (People's Vision)

Entering the outdoor activity area of ​​the Yangzu Branch of the Kindergarten of Tibetan Street, some children are gathered in the painting board, and some children are two in groups. The teacher stepped forward from time to time.

If it was not a real visit, it would be difficult to believe that the kindergarten was on the verge of closure. One wall alone is the park of the previous Yangzu Village Kindergarten: In a small courtyard, the tight trees cover the sun. In less than 20 square meters of classrooms, the walls have been painted, and it can be seen that the children written by the children, the paintings left by the children.

"Now, there are 35 children in the Yangzu Division. In the past, there were poor hardware conditions here, and the level of teachers and education management could not keep up. At least there were only more than 10 children." Said Liu Fengni, the principal of the kindergarten kindergarten of Yishan Street.

More than 10 years ago in Ruicheng, the rural kindergarten facilities and insufficient teachers were not individual phenomena. Since 2010, the county has tried several rural kinds of rural kindergartens in the county's Chiefs Park. The business chief of the business is at least one week in the rural kindergarten to participate in lessons and teaching to help improve teaching plans and improve the quality of teaching. But the effect is not ideal. Li Junli, then the preschool chief of the Education Bureau of Ruicheng County, said frankly: "Some stays have gradually become a walk through the field, and some teaching suggestions are difficult to implement."

"The main reason is that the running system of rural kinds of kindergarten is unreasonable." Li Junli said, "There are some village collectives in the rural kindergarten of that year, some are individuals, some rural kindergartens do not run in schools and can not keep up. Eating tightly, insufficient investment in kindergarten, causing the level of running the park to be unable to go. "

See the crux of the crux and make precise policies. In August 2012, Ruicheng County issued the "Opinions on Further Regulating Preschool Education Management", starting from the reform of the rural kindergarten running garden system, through the use of taking over, mergers and acquisitions, etc. The urban -rural integration park model of rural weak parks.

According to the requirements of 1 or 2 township kindergartens and 3 to 5 rural kindergartens in each county, 5 counties in Ruicheng County have been integrated to manage 20 rural kinds of rural kinds of rural kinds of townships in 8 townships so far. The number of students from taking over The 863 people at the time increased to the current 1508 people.

Shen Yafen is a civil servant in Datang Town. She is in Yuncheng City. She chose to send her child to the town's Ruicheng County Kindergarten King Center Kindergarten to go to school.

Entering the king's center kindergarten, the center of the teaching building hall is placed with the maze built by the children with waste plastic tubes. In the classroom, a brand new desk and seats are placed, and the book areas and building block areas are also set up. Many children's picture books and game props are placed.

"In terms of hardware conditions, teaching level, and teacher team management, the county Zhiyuan implements the management of rural sub -parks in accordance with the integrated standards." Li Junli introduced that the county director of the county is also the head of the rural branch garden. Teachers with rich management experience and strong business ability serve as the executive director of the sub -park, and demanded that they have worked in rural sub -parks for more than 3 years. Make up for a shortcoming

County Zhiyuan and Rural Branch Integration, integration of financial integration, unified deployment of teachers, improve hardware, standardize management

The children of the Ximo Central Garden showed dumplings with teachers. Photo by Xiao Yongjie (People's Vision)

The wires in the park are messy, and the road is a gray soil road that has not yet been hardened.

In August 2012, I first arrived at the Ximo Central Park of Ruicheng County, Ruicheng County, Banqiao Village, Ximo Town as the executive director. Jiao Shui was quite disappointed. How many months of rent. "

In the following months, Jiao Shuixin transformed from the kindergarten teacher of the county's kindergarten in the county to all -around cheese.

Where does the construction funds come from? Shang Yanxia, ​​the head of the Northern Garden of Ruicheng County, introduced that expenditures such as daily food and purchase of game props, books, and books were uniformly invested by the county Zhiyuan. Infrastructure facilities such as classroom construction were paid by the county financial allocation of education construction projects. In terms of financial management, the fees charged by rural sub -parks are included in the county Zhiyuan account.

At the end of 2012, Ximo Center Garden was refreshing. The renovated classroom is equipped with a new multimedia teaching all -in -one and various children's books and picture books. In the park, the pavement was hardened and flat, and different game partitions were set up according to local conditions. "The integration of funds and financial integration and financial integration in the county Zhiyuan and Rural Park has largely changed the situation where rural kindergarten had previously invested." Jiao Shuixin said, "Since 2012, county finance and county child north The park has invested more than 1.2 million yuan in special funds for us, so that the conditions for running the park in Ximo Central Garden greatly improved. "

Both strong hardware and good management. Shortly after all, Jiao Shuixin experienced a false alarm: After a day of school, a parent came to pick up the child and was told by the teacher that the child had been taken away by his aunt. Contact the child aunt, but no one answered the phone and no one at home. The teacher and parents were in a hurry to look for the village, until 9 o'clock in the evening, the aunt of the child called and said that he was playing with the child in the county.

In response to the irregularity of the delivery system, Jiao Shui Xin set up a "shuttle card" and "registration+telephone confirmation" connection system with reference to the county ’s Northern Garden: Parents must hold their children with photos of themselves and children, leaving children with information information. When you pick up the delivery card, other relatives and friends are temporarily answered. They must register and call their parents on the spot to confirm.

Jiao Shuixin also found that some teachers left the park from time to time after class. To this end, she has formulated the "Mid -distance Garden" management measures to strictly leave leave reporting systems; improve the "evaluation scoring" mechanism, and implement performance assessment in combination with the daily performance of faculty and staff and the teaching situation of the job. "Drawing on the relevant management measures of the county Zhiyuan, we have successively formulated 12 categories such as safety management, job responsibilities, and performance assessment." Jiao Shuixin said.

From the executive director in 2012, to retirement at the end of last year, Jiao Shuixin worked in Ximo Central Park for nearly 10 years. Standard management has always been her focus of work.

"According to the requirements, the county Zhiyuan implemented a unified management management of urban and rural teachers. In addition to the stipulating that the director of the rural sub -park is not less than 3 years, the general teacher of the county Zhiyuan has also stipulated . The stability of the teacher team ensures the continuous improvement of rural kindergarten management and teaching level. "Li Haiyan, who took over as the director of Ximo Central Garden at the end of last year, said," We will continue to do hardware and strict management. "

Xiao Jianhong, a member of the Party Group of the Education Bureau of Ruicheng County, introduced that since 2012, the county Zhizhi Kindergarten has sent a total of more than 280 executive departments and teachers to the integrated management rural branch.

Change teaching

Promote gaming teaching, urban and rural curriculum models, teaching and research activities, and children's evaluation methods.

Yang Dan, a teacher of Ximo Central Garden, is telling the children about the children's picture book. Photo of the former Ren Jie (People's Vision)

In the past, Chen Yinpeng, a teacher of Ximo Central Garden, mainly taught children to literate, memorize ancient poems, and sing children's songs. Now, she mainly teaches children to play.

Do you still use teaching? Entering the children's class, the reporter explored the game teaching.

In the "sandwater area" outside the kindergarten, in a area of ​​about 20 square meters, it fills about 30 cm thick sand soil and stepping on the soft. Children holding iron shovels and playing sand digging games with three or five. Some want to cover the castle with sand, some want to dig the maze, and the 6 -year -old child is unique: "Yesterday, my parents and my mother went to Dayu Du, and saw the long and long Yellow River. I also had to dig a 'today. Yellow River'!"

"Do you dig it yourself? When did you have to dig it?" Seeing Coco a little shy, Chen Yinpeng guided, "Do you need to call a few friends?"

Cocoa called another three partners, quickly dug out a two -meter -long winding "river channel", and painted the "farmland" while "River", and "houses" used sand barriers. Then, the little "man" Xuan Xuan and Beibei carried the bucket to the water faucet to pick up the water, ran back and forth several times, the clothes on the chest were wet, and there was still not much water in the "river". "Think more about the difficulties. Let's take a look at the surroundings. Is there a better way?" After listening to Chen Yinpeng, Xuan Xuan and Beibei turned around the Shatu District and found that there was a cabinet under the faucet. There was a cabinet under the faucet. The long hose connected the hose to the faucet, and the "Yellow River Water" in the river flowed immediately.

"Kenyou's brain, and it was great to solve the problem independently!" Chen Yinpeng gave Xuanxuan and Babe's encouragement applause. Two children have doubled confidence, "We will dig a" how "word of the Yellow River tomorrow."

"Gaming teaching is to cultivate children's spiritual and cooperative spirit and the ability to solve problems through the way of entertainment." Chen Yinpeng said, "Unlike traditional class preaching, we are observing, observing, observing, observing, and observing. Record their performance, analyze their psychological activities and personality characteristics, and help them think, solve problems independently in situation teaching, and carry out personality shaping. "

"Several Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Deepening Reform of Preschool Education" states: "Adhere to the unique value of children's game activities, cherish the unique value of children's game activities, protect children's curiosity and learning interest, respect individual differences, encourage supporting children to pass through through Learn and explore the way close to nature, directly perception, actual operation, personal experience, etc. to promote the happy and healthy growth of children. "

Gaming teaching and promoting the happy and healthy growth of young children, Chen Yinpeng learned from the county Zhiyuan. "With reference to the schedule of the course of the county Zhiyuan, we guarantee that children are two hours outdoor game activities every two hours, 1 to 1.5 hours of indoor game activities, and change the teaching arrangements of rural kindergartens in the past." Li Haiyan said that in recent years The county implemented the teaching reform of "game -based activities". Under the model of the integration of urban and rural areas in school and rural areas, the county's straight kindergarten demonstration guidance, and rural kinds of kindergartens were promoted simultaneously.

Chen Yinpeng admitted that he had no heart in his heart. In addition to the teaching and research activities of this garden, she and her colleagues will regularly participate in teaching and research activities organized by the North Park organizational in the county to explore the problems in the practice of exchange and education. At one time, the seminar of the kindergarten drum gaming teaching in the Kindergarten Garden was impressed by Chen Yinpeng.

In teaching videos, the children were brought to the drum activity area, where a dozen drums with a diameter of about 50 cm were placed. From lying on the drum, to squatting slowly on it, then standing on it and starting to move slowly, the game design goals step by step. Some bold children stood up directly, almost fell, and some children squatted on the drums to show their difficulty, and they did not dare to move. The teacher stood aside to teach, or reminded them step by step, or encouraged them to face and overcome difficulties.

"Game teaching is not fully let the children play, nor is it highly controlled. Teachers must observe carefully. When the children may encounter difficulties and stagnation of the game, they may intervene in time when safety problems may occur." Chen Yinpeng said that through repeated discussions again and again Everyone gradually deepened its understanding.

"In the end of each month, we will carry out teaching and research activities around specific themes and curriculum settings. Five rural kindergarten teachers in the same integrated management." Shang Yanxia said that the county also cooperated with teachers' colleges and universities inside and outside the province. Regularly go to the county Zhiyuan and rural kindergartens to carry out teaching guidance, discussions and exchanges.

The evaluation method of children is also changing. "In the past, teaching children's pinyin literacy and memorizing ancient poems, and the children in the kindergarten class will also have a rolling exam, existing 'primary school' teaching tendency; now we refer to the teaching evaluation method of the county Zhiyuan, and focus on cultivating and examining the children in the situation teaching. Independent thinking, solving problems, etc. "Li Haiyan said," For example, we will also teach Pinyin, but it is more handmade works that guide children to make letter -shaped shapes. They not only exercise their hands -on ability, but also help them remember this letter easily. "

According to Wu Ruixiao, deputy head of Ruicheng County, in recent years, in accordance with the requirements of preschool education urban and rural integration parks, Ruicheng County has been implemented with the same urban and rural curriculum models, basically the same time in class, basically consistent teaching and research activities, and children's evaluation methods are basically consistent , The "five basic consistency" of the weekly recipes are basically consistent, promote the management of urban and rural areas of education and education, and improve the quality of education and education in rural kinds of kindergartens.

"Open meals, open meals!" By the time of lunch, the children led Chen Yinpeng to the kindergarten canteen. Xuan Xuan and Beibei raised their bowls to show reporters, "Pork noodles, seaweed egg flower soup, and Xiaofangzhuo. The horns are all we love. "On the wall of the cafeteria, we weekly meals and recipes are posted. Chen Yinpeng said: "Refer to the meal recipes in Zhiyuan in the county, we can match each meal, and the nutrition is balanced, so that children can eat well."

Aggregate

Continue to carry out activities such as parents entering the park, parent -child interaction and other activities, and take multiple measures to stabilize the teacher team to promote the formation of multi -party co -construction joint efforts

"Most of the time do games, what should I do if my child goes to elementary school?" Children Pippi attended the kindergarten of Kindergarten Center in Kindergarten in Ruicheng County. After learning about the children's daily courses, Xie Jinqi, a resident of Datang Town, did not understand.

A parent -child interaction entered the campus activities, let Xie Jin change the concept: walk into the king's center kindergarten, and I saw the abandoned beer bottle was built upside down into the garden. In the cotton, it becomes a sandbag stacked when the children are playing outdoor games; in the channel of the teaching building, a basket of corn sticks have become a variety of handicrafts under the creation of the children. Apple gardens, fruit cold storage, and agricultural plantations around the kindergarten have also become children's classrooms. They will carry out outdoor practice activities every month. "Integrated management is not 'one -size -fits -all'. We make full use of local resources and set up courses and pretend to be a pretty environment to form the teaching characteristics of rural kindergartens." Said Li Hongyan, the executive director of the Kings Center Kindergarten.

In parent -child interactive class, Pippi's performance also surprised Xie Jin. Pippi cooperated with his father to do handmade works. He took the initiative to make "Shenzhou 13 manned spacecraft": folded into a rocket to launch the base with a hard paper plate, used a plastic beverage bottle as the arrow body, rolled hard paper into a cylinder to help help The engine.

Xie Jin made his hands and listened to Pippi about the space in his mind. After the handmade works are made, Pippi also took out the watercolor pen and draw the picture of the Tiangong Space Station on the white hard cardboard. It is the "background wall" displayed behind the handicraft. "I will also be astronauts in the future!" Pippi said his dream when he showed his work to the teacher and other students.

"Although I haven't studied many primary school courses, the child's curiosity, more interesting interest, and the ability to practice have been exercised." Xie Jin said.

"In these years, with reference to the experience of county Zhiyuan, we continue to carry out activities such as parents entering the park experience, parent -child interaction and other activities in rural kinds of kindergartens to help parents understand the laws and mental development of children's physical and mental development and learning characteristics." Through the development of the activity, parents' recognition of kindergarten teaching and management models has been enhanced, and a good family atmosphere has been created for children's growth, and rural preschool education ecosystems jointly built by kindergartens, families, and society have been promoted. "

The joint construction of many parties, the teacher team is more stable. "I work far away from home in the village. The county has allocated special funds in the county. We can receive transportation subsidies every month. The performance salary is higher than when working in the county." Li Haiyan said.

The "Several Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Deepening the Reform of Preschool Education" requires that "all localities must supplement the faculty and staff of public parks in time." Yang Dan, teacher Yang Dan, a teacher in the Ximo Central Garden of Ruicheng County, joined the employment in August 2019. He passed the recruitment of rural kindergarten teachers organized by the county in that year and became a rural kindergarten teacher in the edited. The unit is publicly recruited, and the county will set up and post for the county Zhiyuan and our rural kindergarten teachers. "Yang Dan said.

Jiao Longsheng introduced that in recent years, Ruicheng County has allocated special transportation subsidies for the county Zhiyuan teachers working in rural kinds of kindergarten; it is clearly required that the county Zhiyuan is inclined to rural park teachers in terms of salary and other aspects; For a total of 189 kindergarten teachers, 55 of them have been compiled, of which 55 are rural kindergarten teachers.

To Jiao Longsheng is pleased, "Many rural parents' preschool education concepts have changed, no longer opposed to kindergartens to conduct game courses, and actively respond to supporting kindergarten collection of gaming materials such as waste tires, cartons, bottles and cans, make toys for children, support children at home at home Carry out game activities in the garden. "

Source: People's Daily

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