Wendu talked for ten years.

Editor's note:

"East Asian Cultural Capital" is an important international regional cultural cooperation brand created by the consensus consensus of the three leaders of China, Japan and South Korea in 2012. In the past 10 years, nearly 30 cities of the Three Kingdoms have won this honor. The wider, the attention is getting higher and higher. "Civilization communicates due to diverse, develops mutually due to exchanges, and develops due to mutual learning." Digging, organizing, and promoting the cultural connection between the three kingdoms and the historical bonds, in the process of telling, spreading, and creating East Asian cultural exchanges and integrated stories, "Asian value" is continuously refined, deepening the humanistic exchanges between the three countries, and promoting the popularity of the people's hearts Essence

On the 10th anniversary of the creation of the "East Asian Cultural Capital" in my country, the International Exchange and Cooperation Bureau of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism jointly cooperated with the "Cultural Tourism China" client to the expert invitations of the "East Asian Cultural Capital" review committee. The "East Asian Capital" has been elected as the specific practice of cities in the past 10 years. The system summarizes and analyzes the role and implementation path of "East Asian Cultural Capital" in developing Asian civilization dialogue channels and creating a cultural exchange platform. Suggestions of sex. Through the specific practice of the "East Asian Capital" from the image of the city to the spread of the national image, tell the Chinese story to Asia and the world, spread Chinese voices, promote the excellent Chinese culture to go out, and create "credible, cute and respectful" National image. From now on, this series of manuscripts will be presented in the column for ten years in the "Cultural Tourism China" client.

Culture is the result of the development of human society and an important driving force for further development. The city is the main carrier of culture. Storage, dissemination, and creating culture are the basic functions of the city. East Asia has a long history of urban development, and has produced a colorful, distinctive and confident urban culture. However, after entering modern times, due to the leadership of capital and the influence of Western culture, East Asian urban culture was once lost and embarrassed. The current culture has become the leading force of the development of East Asian cities, and China, Japan and South Korea have also regarded cultural rejuvenation as a major strategy for national development. In the context of this era, seeking urban culture awareness, deepening cultural exchanges, and enhancing regional cultural identity is an important task of the development of East Asian cities, and it is also the deserved meaning and mission of the "East Asian cultural capital".

Culture and city: Culture is redefining East Asian cities

Culture is the temperament and soul of the city, but in the past century, the development of the world's urban development was mainly led by capital rationality and technology rationality. In urban planning and construction, the profit, efficiency, and functions are placed at the core, and the marginalization of people and cultural has created a jungle built by steel and mud. On the basis of in -depth reflection and criticism of capital rationality and technical rationality, the "Macao Picchu Charter" in 1977 advocated the transformation from "functional city" to "cultural city", and urban planning and construction began to return cultural steering and essence. Some developed countries have re -placed culture at the core of urban development, while various urban cultural brands creation activities have been carried out. Entering the 21st century, the dominance of culture for the development of East Asian cities is also more obvious. Their motivation mainly comes from the following three aspects:

The first is the needs of citizens. American social psychologist Abraham Maslow divides human needs into five levels: physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, respect needs, and self -implementation. Key points (Figure 1). After meeting the safety of food and saturation, people's focus of life will turn to belonging, respect, and self -realization. These are closely related to identity identification and personal value. The core is cultural identity. Japan is a traditional economic power, and the per capita GDP of urban residents exceeds 40,000 US dollars; South Korea was one of the "East Asian Four Little Dragons", and in 2021, GDP reached $ 34,000. The Chinese economy has continued to grow rapidly in the past 30 years. In 2021, GDP per capita GDP was $ 1.26 million (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and the same below). Although it just exceeded the per capita GDP of the world, there is still a big gap with Japan and South Korea. However, due to the obvious urban and rural differences and regional differences in China, the urban economic strength in developed areas is strong. In 2021, there were 31 cities with a per capita GDP of more than $ 20,000, and Beijing and Shanghai per capita GDP was close to $ 30,000. Moreover, most of these cities are a large population market, with a total population of 240 million. Therefore, most cities in East Asia have entered a well -off society, and a considerable part of the level has reached the level of wealth, and cultural needs have become their dominant needs.

The second is the needs of urban development. Cities are human settlements, and the needs of individual citizens are together to form the overall demand of the city. With reference to Maslow's demand level theory, the demand of a city can correspond to the four levels of infrastructure, safety, livability, characteristics and charm (Figure 2). Among them, infrastructure is the basic guarantee for the normal operation of a city, and is the lowest condition that all cities must have. Safety is also the basic needs of cities. With the development of the city, the urban system is becoming more and more complicated, and the risk of operation has continued to increase. The urban livable and the ownership needs of citizens correspond to the corresponding needs. If the city is inaccurate, the citizens will not have a sense of belonging. Urban characteristics and urban charm are the highest level of urban levels. Corresponding to the respect and self -implementation of citizens, it is the city's pursuit of personality. Urban culture is the core of urban personality. It is gradually formed in the process of urban development. It is the basic characteristics that distinguish between other cities and is the characteristics and charm of the city. Japan and South Korea have already entered a mature urban society. Japan's urbanization rate exceeds 90%, and South Korea's urbanization rate exceeds 80%. China has also entered the urban era. In 2021, the urbanization rate reached 64.7%, and urban infrastructure, urban safety and livable cities have achieved remarkable results. Therefore, East Asian cities have generally entered a period of pursuing urban characteristics and charm. All cities also take full manifestations and use of characteristic culture as an important support for future development, and emphasize in urban planning and construction. Third, the demand for capital transfer. Although capital is the "source of sin", it is also the "source of wealth" in the world today. It can integrate the decentralized resources, effectively enhance social productivity and promote the development of the city. Cities are also an important carrier of capital proliferation. David (Harvey divides the proliferation of capital in the city into three cycles, corresponding to different urban development logic: "primary cycle" is the cycle of the manufacturing field. At this stage, the basics of urban development at this stage The logic is "industrial development → population increase → urban construction → cultural supporting". When the capital cycle in the manufacturing industry leads to excess production, capital will enter the "secondary cycle", that is, the capital flow to the urban construction environment. At this stage The logic is "urban construction → industrial development → population increase → cultural supporting". Excessive investment in urban construction environment will also lead to excess production and even bring an economic crisis. At this time (Including science and technology and education), the base logic of urban development at this stage is "cultural development → urban construction → population increase → industrial development". Japan and South Korea have experienced a serious economic crisis caused by real estate in the 1990s, and China's urban construction is also construction. The signs of excessive investment have begun. Therefore, the trend of capital transfer to science and technology and cultural fields in East Asia is very significant. Japan and South Korea have begun to appear in the early 20th century. China has accelerated development since 2010. Culture has developed from urban development. Supporting role and auxiliary materials are transformed into the leading elements of urban development.

Urban culture is not only the key to meeting the beautiful life of the East Asian people in the future, but also the core driving force for the continuous prosperity of East Asian cities. Therefore, it is necessary to place culture at the core of urban planning and construction, replace capital with cultural replacement of basic functions such as urban production, life, recreation and transportation, and plan cities in accordance with the basic logic and objective needs of cultural development. Under the leadership of cultural, the city will also change from "production orientation" to "consumer -oriented type", from the center of industry and transportation to the center of life and recreation (Figure 3, Figure 4).

Consciousness of urban culture: the collation and specification of urban context

Urban culture is a complicated unity. The longer the city, the deeper the accumulation, and the larger the scale, the stronger the complexity of its culture. Culture will compete in time, and conflicts will occur in space. The cultivation of culture and contemporary culture, contemporary culture, different types of culture and different regional cultures show a state of chaos and disorderly, which also causes urban culture construction to have a lot of sense but unable to start.

The key to solving the chaos of urban culture is the consciousness of urban culture. According to Fei Xiaotong's definition of cultural consciousness, the city's culture is first that cities need to have "self -knowledge" of their own culture, that is, understanding its origin, formation process, characteristics, and development trends, so as to obtain under the conditions of the new era Cultivation, positioning, and transformation. In other words, urban culture should be consciously based on the seeking "root" and the grasp of "true". We must "know the way and know yourself" in order to "go to the place".

The analysis of urban literary pulse is the seek of the "root" of urban culture and the grasp of "true". The original meaning of the word Context is the context of the words and phrases in the article. A good article must not only have a literary literary and clear context, and it is best to make the reader feel unexpected after reading. Urban context is the organic connection of urban cultural connotation, the context of the article of the urban culture, and the inherent logic of the natural geographical background, historical and cultural tradition, and real development state of urban culture. If this logic is clear, the future development direction of urban culture will be clear, and vice versa.

The focus of urban context analysis is three aspects: natural geographical environment. The natural geographical environment is an important constituent of urban culture. The terrain and landforms such as mountains, rivers, lakes have their own form of rhythm. When it is associated with human aesthetic laws, it will give people a certain cultural perception. Moreover, the natural geographical environment also deeply affects the behavior of urban residents, and then affects the evolution of urban historical and cultural evolution. The buildings, diets, clothing, economy, and technology in cities have deeply laid the natural environment. Historical and cultural traditions. With a deep history, there will be a firm future. Without the accumulation of time, the city will be at a loss in the face of the future. The material cultural heritage and intangible cultural heritage circulated during the historical period are also an important constituent element of contemporary urban culture, and they also profoundly affect the psychology and behavior of urban residents. Historical accumulation will give the traditional ethical authority and habit, internalization into the collective unconsciousness of urban residents and forming a conscious law. The characteristics of urban cultural status. The analysis of urban contexts must not only be rooted in history, but also based on reality. It is necessary to systematically analyze the modern signs, advantages and characteristics of urban culture, and to determine the future development direction of the future. If it only adheres to its original cultural representation and ignores its expansion and continuation, the context of the city will lack vitality. In the process of analysis of urban literary pulse, we must first be objective, try to exclude subjective and randomness as much as possible, and understand the original cultural connotation of the city. Second Inter -connection and relationships; once again, we must pay attention to the internal and profound nature of observation, and we must not only stay on the phenomenon and surface, but pay attention to the from, the table, and inside, and understand the nature of its inner nature. The analysis of urban context focuses on comparison. First, through historical comparison, it is found that the type, characteristics and evolution process of urban culture in different periods reveal the context of the development of urban culture. The second is to grasp the characteristics of urban culture and position and positioning in a larger area through horizontal comparison.

On the basis of the above work, summarize, summarize and refine the cultural connotation of the city, and form the results of the analysis of urban literary pulse. In the future development of the city, the urban context should be revealed in an intuitive, sensible, unique form and the appearance of the times. Actively build the city's urban cultural IP and image recognition system, and in urban planning, construction, industry In the development and publicity, it is standardized and strengthened by beautifying, figurative, and materialized to continue and develop the context of the city and enhance the recognition, identity, and influence of urban culture. "Come" effect.

Urban culture consciousness and East Asian culture identity

Urban culture consciously not to forget the original, but also absorb foreigners in order to better the future. The more open culture, the richer its content, the more vitality. On the contrary, if the closed conservative and arrogant self -esteem will inevitably lead to the rigidity and stagnation of the city's context, and the cultural lonely city will be economically lonely. Therefore, the urban culture consciously requires a macro vision and a broad mind, and to strengthen communication with other cities to promote and promote each other. For East Asia, strengthening cultural exchanges between China, Japan, and South Korea, and forming East Asian cultural identity is the primary move to promote East Asian economic and social and urban development.

East Asia is both a geographical area and an economic area, or a cultural area. The core of the geographical relationship is the distance. China, Japan and South Korea are adjacent to the sea and be adjacent to the sea. However, the approach of geography does not necessarily have a good impression. If it lacks common interests and cultural identity, it will easily lead to contradictions and conflicts. The core of economic relations is mutual benefit. The three countries of China, Japan and South Korea are huge, the economic structure is complementary, and the trade exchanges are frequent. The East Asian Free Trade Zone has formed. However, economic benefits are unstable, and the cooperative relationship based on economic interests is also unstable. The core of cultural relations is to identify, and identity can generate trust and cooperation. Only by building economic interests and other cooperative relationships on cultural identity can we go more stable and farther. Therefore, cultural identity is the foundation of various communities, the root of unity and the soul of harmony, and the core of the "East Asian" concept onion model (Figure 5).

There are close economic and cultural exchanges in the history of East Asia. Through immigration, trade, sending envoys, and studying abroad, they have learned from each other in terms of text, systems, religion, art and production technology, and have formed a distinctive regional culture. People often refer to this area with the "East Asian Cultural Circle", "Chinese Character Cultural Circle", "Confucian Cultural Circle" or "Cultural Cultural Circle". It is generally believed that the emphasis on order, collective, family, diligence, and frugality is the significant characteristics of East Asian culture. It is in sharp contrast to the emphasis on freedom, equality, individuals, and enjoyment in Western culture. Therefore, China, Japan, and South Korea have had strong cultural identity, and of course they also have their own cultural personality, showing a different cultural pattern.

Entering modern times, East Asian countries have entered modern society under the impact of European and American strong ships, commodities and capital. Facing the impact of Western culture, the three countries of China, Japan and South Korea have introduced some Western cultures. Traditional culture has been affected to some extent and has undergone changes in different degrees and directions. However, in this process, China, Japan, and South Korea emphasized the main position of traditional culture. It is "used in the west" in China and South Korea is a "host West". Although Japan once had the idea of ​​"getting off Asia into Europe", "Hehuman" and "the spirit of Japan, and Western technology" have always been its main attitude towards Western culture. Therefore, in the process of modernization, although East Asia's cultural commonality and cultural connection have been affected, the ontology of East Asian culture has not changed, and the foundation of cultural identity is still strong. After the 1960s, Japan, South Korea, and China have successively took advantage of the economy, and have achieved worldwide attention. East Asian countries generally believe that although western culture has promoted the modernization of East Asia to a certain extent, although in the early days of modernization. However, the root cause of East Asian economy is not the introduction of Western culture, but the difference between East Asian culture and Western culture. It is the organic combination of "Analects" and abacus, which is a manifestation of East Asian cultural advantages. The enhancement of economic power has also made East Asian countries more confident and attention to local culture. Japan and South Korea proposed the "cultural state" strategy in the mid -to -late 1990s, taking cultural heritage and cultural development as an important driving force for further modernization. China entered 21 After the century, it will also inherit and develop excellent traditional culture as a strategic support for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

Samuel Huntington believes that after the end of the Cold War, the conflict of cultural conflicts will replace the confrontation of ideology to become the biggest conflict between the country. Conversely, cultural identity will replace ideological identity and become the most important force to promote national and state mutual trust and cooperation. After the end of the Cold War, the relationship between China, Japan and South Korea was quickly normalized and deepened. Culture has replaced ideology as the key to shaping the economic, political and security relationships in East Asia. Although East Asia has a good foundation for forming cultural consensus, we should also see that there are some difficult scars in East Asian history, especially in modern history. Some key historical leftover problems have not been completely solved. Obstructing cultural identity between East Asian countries and nations.

In the era of globalization, the main characteristics of cities have been continuously enhanced, and their status and characters in international exchanges have become increasingly important. The world has entered an era of diplomacy of city diplomacy. The exchanges and cooperation between cities have high degree of freedom, and it is easier for cities to get along with each other, treat each other, respect each other, and tolerate each other. When the exchange at the national level is difficult to go deep, vigorously promoting the exchange between cities can effectively break the deadlock and are expected to achieve breakthrough results. The friendly exchanges between China, Japan and South Korea have a good foundation, and have formed a large number of friendly cities. On this basis, based on the consciousness of cultural consciousness of East Asian cities and the cultural exchanges between cities, it is of great significance for the formation of East Asian cultural consensus and cultural self -confidence, thereby promoting the economic, social, and security development of East Asia.

Conclusion: The value and mission of the era of "East Asian Culture"

The consciousness of urban culture is the rational review of the "roots" and "true" of urban culture. It is the most basic, deepest and lasting force in promoting urban development at present and in the future, and the cornerstone of urban culture self -confidence. Urban culture self -confidence is the recognition and persistence of urban culture. It is the most basic, widespread and deepest self -confidence of cities and their citizens. It is the core support of urban health and prosperity. East Asia is entering a urban era of cultural consciousness, cultural self -confidence and cultural integration, showing characteristics, seeking consensus, and strengthening identity as a common pursuit of cities.

"East Asian Cultural Capital" is an important consensus reached at the 2012 Sino -Japanese and Korean Leadership Meeting and a cultural activity of the Shanghai Action Plan signed by the Sino -Japanese and Korean Cultural Minister. Sexual cultural city brand. Since the launch of the 2012 event, there have been 27 (11 China, 8 in Japan, and 8 in South Korea). The local cultural characteristics are distinctive and have a certain amount of cultural resources, East Asian cultural temperament, and cities that reflect the spirit of East Asia. The conscious self -confidence and mutual learning of East Asian urban culture plays a leading and demonstration role.

Facing the future, the "East Asian Capital" should continue to uphold the spirit of "East Asian consciousness, cultural blending, and appreciation of each other", highlight the consensus of "symbiosis, innovation, harmony", place culture in the center of urban development, highlight the culture of various cities in various cities Features, strengthen urban culture consciousness. On this basis, expand the number of cities selected, deepen the cultural exchanges and cooperation between cities, and enhance East Asian cultural identity. At the same time, we actively conducted exchanges with the "European Cultural Capital", "Arab Cultural Capital", "The Capital of the Americas" and "ASEAN Capital", and finally promoted the sustainable and healthy development of human culture and cities.

(The "East Asia" in this article mainly refers to China, Japan, and South Korea.)

About the Author

Zheng Guo, a professor and doctoral supervisor at the School of Public Management of Renmin University of China.

In 2005, he graduated from the School of Environmental Geography of the School of Environmental of Peking University. In the same year, he entered the School of Public Management of Renmin University of China to teach.From March 2006 to March 2007, he worked in the Anqing Urban Planning Bureau and served as the deputy director.From March 2012 to March 2013, a visiting scholar at the University of California, Berkeley.From March 2014 to March 2016, he served as the director of the Department of Urban Planning and Management of the School of Public Management of Renmin University of China.Long -term engaging in teaching and scientific research in urban and regional planning has a strong influence in urban development strategies, cultural tourism industry development and planning, development zones and industrial parks.Publishing four monographs, more than 50 articles on core publications such as Cities, China Economic Review, Habitat International, Tourism Journal, "Urban Planning" and "Urban Planning Journal".Important strategic areas and urban planning projects.Author: Zheng Guo

Editor -in -chief: Li Yang

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