Tiankai Cultural Transport: Hunan West Hunan Prayer on the Wall

Liang Houneng

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The western Hunan -west Baojing County Town, which is snuggled in the water arms, was built in the five years of Gaozu (AD 202). The mysterious color of this millennium ancient town.

I am a son -in -law of Baojing, and my father -in -law is a native of Baojing Old Street. During the Spring Festival in 2013, I would like to worship my father -in -law, and I came here. One afternoon, the warm sun shines on the small town on the shore of the water, making people feel surprisingly good. So, I proposed to my lover's swallow to row in the Pushui River to see the stone carvings of the largest ancient cliff calligraphy in the west of Xiangxi- "Tiankai Cultural Fortune".

"Tiankai Culture" stone carvings. Photo by Wang Shiling

As a calligraphy enthusiast, of course, I know this well -known ancient calligraphy stone carvings, but they all know from the middle of the book and publishing. I have not visited up close. On the way, I had some inexplicable excitement in my heart.

I went through a few alleys with Yanzi and crossed the riverside roads that were being built. At that time, it was deserted, and the cruise ship didn't see it. Only a few small fishing boats lay quietly. I found a person who looked like a boat owner standing on the bow and shouted, "Hey! Boat owner, we want to rent a boat!"

The boat owner replied indifferently: "We are fishing boats, not renting!"

Without renting, I had to find another way. We looked up and down on the shore for a while, and we couldn't find a cruise, so we came back to ask the boat owner for help. Looking at the look of our two hearts, he scratched the boat over.

When we got on the boat and didn't talk about the price, I asked where to go. I said to see "Tiankai Cultural Fortune", and I came back in a few photos. At the beginning, he was a little serious, and gradually spent more.

The boat drove slowly towards He Xin, and the setting sun came over, and a layer of gold was covered with the river. When the boat rushed to the white cliff wall, it was found that it was more than 30 meters away from the river, and there were four huge golden yellow face script engraved from right to left.

Looking from a distance, the hanging wall stands, and the handwriting is eye -catching, giving people shock. According to my visual inspection, each word is about two meters high, about 1.8 meters wide, and each word accounts for about four or five square meters. I walked on the west of Hunan, and I haven't seen a larger cliff stone carving than this.

Sitting on the boat, I taste these four characters in detail. Its strokes are light and vertical, and the manners are powerful, and they are rigid; With strong artistic enjoyment. Yan Sports Calligraphy is a banner of the Tang Dynasty calligraphy. It has a lofty status in the history of calligraphy. It is collectively referred to as "Yanliu" with Liu Gongquan. The larger the glyph, the more you can show the majestic beauty. The four characters in front of me are so, and its majestic and magnificent momentum is integrated with Qian Qian. It seems that the word is not engraved, but grows from the cliff.

On the left, there are nine characters "Mengxia Monthly Monthly in the Seventeenth Year of Guangxu (1891)". The word diameter is about fifty centimeters. Although the font is still in the style, compared with the four characters Essence This is a small and small, rigid and soft, forming a visual contrast, the guest owner is clear, and the artistic effect of the text can be described as unique and ingenious.

According to the sense of knowledge, the stone carvings have been more than 130 years old. I think that in the long history of more than a hundred years in the western Hunan, the sea has experienced the vicissitudes of the sea, which can be described as long; but compared with the history of civilization for thousands of years, there is only a wave of fingers.

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Although the water in winter is not rich, it is clear and transparent. The stone walls in the reflection are clearly visible, and a harmonious picture of the blend of mountains, water, and calligraphy.

I do n’t know what the reason is that the payment only has the engraving time, and the name of the writers and the engraved person's name is not too long. I like to ask me at the bottom. There are many doubts in my mind.

Of course, I think these four words are definitely not engraved for no reason, there should be a story behind it. I asked the swallow, and the swallow couldn't say clearly. I asked the boat owner again that he only knew that there were many cultural people who often had writers, painters, and reporters who took pictures here. He passed by every day from here, and he could not say that a son ugly Yin came.

In fact, I had ahead of time. Before I came, in order to figure out the four words of these four words, I have consulted some related cultural and historical materials. Unfortunately, I did not find any relevant text records. I asked them, but I just wanted to test how much of these two native Baojing people knew how much they knew.

Regarding Tiankai Cultural Transport, the local chronicle did not record. Through visiting some old people in Baojing City, there were many folklore.

Some people say that the writer is the true trace of a layman (namely the alias of the water) during the Qing Xianfeng period. Who is the name of the layman's surname, there is no basis for testing. This is legend 1.

Another saying is that it is said that the Feng Shui was not good before the previous Baojing. Tiantang slopes on the left bank of the water are approaching the county town, which makes the county town not open enough, and the lion hole under the slope opens the giant mouth to swallow the county. Coupled with the ominous feng shui and other ominous feng shui of the prefecture, filial piety, etc., it has seriously affected Baojing's style, making Baojing unable to produce talents. What is worse is that when a new Zhixian County from a foreign country, when visiting the lion cave across the county, he found that there was a stone bamboo shoot in the cave and the shape was strange. I do n’t want to, this shameful act was aware of the insights of Baojing County, and believed that this move broke the Baojing Feng Shui. Then she asked the county grandfather to reason. The word "Tiankai Cultural Fortune" is engraved on the cliff to restore the damaged Feng Shui. The county felt that the matter was not too light, and in order to take care of the fame, he did not dare to leave the name when engraving. The third legend is that there was a gentleman named Huang Hailou before the county seat. Zeng Guan went to Sichuan to administer the administration. Although the door was prominent and the family was rich, there was no son under his knees to inherit his family business. One day, I went to the lion to ask for God to give a son, and the signing was: "Jiode has a hundred years of strength, and there are many good people who read three generations." After watching Huang, he suddenly realized. The word "opens the word" is intended to accumulate good virtue, shade and descendants.

There is also a legend that is the most popular in the people. During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, the Roche brothers in the county town went to the provincial capital to participate in the township test. Mr. Feng Shui stood at the river pier and looked at it. The mysterious and mysterious words, the Roche brothers' literary and sciences, the exam is not difficult. Only Baojing has a mountain barrier. Only a law can crack, that is, the four characters of "Tiankai Culture" are engraved on the cliff wall across the city north of the city of the county.

For the sake of his son, Luo's father quoted the craftsman to carry the wooden frame, clean up the cliff, and pray for the word. The preliminary selection of cultural celebrities and Daoguang Jinshi He Shaoji, suspected that his bones were thin and not eye -catching. Later, he was re -elected as the font of the Tang Dynasty big calligrapher Yan Zhenqing. More than a dozen capable craftsmen's waist tied the brown rope, hanging in front of the cliff, holding a hammer and a steel pupae, fighting for more than sixty days, Fang Digong said. This year, the Roche brothers really made the same discipline in the same discipline. This legend, there is another version, saying that the Roche brothers are called Fang Cheng and Fang Yao. They both held the same subject in the 17th year of Guangxu and returned to the hometown with the emperor's plaque. Ask someone to engrave it on the stone wall.

The first legend is too simple, and the third and third are far -fetched. I think the fourth type should be close to the facts.

There is no test, leaving unlimited imagination for folklore. I have not made a wider collection, and there may be more legends in the people. Although the versions are different in these stories, they all reflect the respect of culture and even the Xiangxi people, and pray for the future of the future.

The beautiful scenery of the water in Baojing County. Correspondent Photo

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After the "Tiantai Cultural Transport" is engraved with the stone, as people expect, Baojing Cultural Transport Hengtong, talented talents. Among these outstanding characters, there were Yuan Ji, a Chinese teacher Yuan Jixiu in the twenty -three years of Qing Daoguang, and Mao Zedong's Chinese language teacher, Song Yunqing, the president of the students of the Qing Dynasty, the president of the student club in Japan, and the early members of the Alliance. Early Communist Party members and revolutionary martyrs Mi Shizhen, who had studied Peking University and a member of the Northern District Committee of the Communist Party of China and revolutionary martyr Yao Yan, who was directly led by Li Dazhao, was directly led by Li Dazhao. Then there were Peng Xueming, a well -known writer who was famous for his long prose "Mother", academician and scientist Peng Sixun of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Olympic champion Yang Xia, Xiang Yanmei and so on.

Imagine that in the era of land traffic occlusion, due to the convenience of the water in front of the door, the Baojing people took a boat to reach the river. When they walked out of the dock, they would look down and see the four characters of the "Culture Culture Culture".

The subtlety of culture has a strong penetrating power, which will always affect generations to protect people. I think that the outstanding figures of the modern Baojing people such as Yuan Jixiu and Mi Shizhen may have read the words "Tiankai Culture" and walked out of the water outside the mountain.

Another one is not a Baojing. The literary master named Shen Yuehuan, who was renamed Shen Congwen, was also from this pier. From the word "Tiankai Cultural Transport", he walked to the mountains by boat, and began to enter a school that would never graduate. Life that will never be learned. This year was 1924 (one said 1923), and he was just 22 years old.

Shen Congwen left his hometown of Phoenix three years ago, came up from Changde to the water, and came to Baojing, to the pilgrims of Phoenix and the "Xiangxi King" Chen Quzhen as a clerk. At that time, the word "Tiankai Culture" was engraved for 30 years.

In the nearly three years of Baojing's life, he often went to the lion in the "Tiankai Culture" to listen to his uncle Nie Rende to explain history and philosophy. Nie Rende is a jinteller of Xiong Xiling, who was the former Prime Minister of the Republic of China. At that time, he was the gentleman Chen Quzhen. He was generous, knowledgeable, and very interesting. Shen Congwen learned a lot of knowledge with him.

In Baojing, Shen Congwen was appreciated by Chen Quzhen for his beautiful brush characters, and he got a relatively superior position. Therefore, he worked harder to write. He spent 17 yuan in the light post within 5 months. At that time, Shen Congwen felt that Wang Xizhi was the most admired in the world.

During this period of time, he saw progressive publications such as "New Youth" and accepted the idea of ​​progress, so he gave up the ideal of being a calligrapher in the past, resolutely put on a simple bag, and he didn't care much about it. Object, I walked out of the water from "Tiankai Culture", and finally wrote immortal masterpieces such as "Border City" and "Long River", becoming a generation of literary masters who are well -known at home and abroad. Baojing is indeed a place where Shen Cong's life is transferred. I have reason to believe that "Tiankai Literature" should be enlightened to Shen Congwen, so that he abandoned Wu Congwen and made an enlightenment and pavement for the later literary masters.

This life of Baojing provided Shen Congwen with a generous creative material. Later, he wrote "Baojing", "Place of History of a History of Education", "A Turn", "Several Wharfs in the White River Basin" and other popular essays. But some weird is that in these prose and other works, why did not mention the words "Tiankai Culture"? The Roya and Badan Mountains who had never arrived in the upper reaches of Baojing were written. Is he unwilling to mention it, or for something else?

"Tiankai Cultural Fortune", a hundred years of prayer, do not know how many dreams have been carried. The young people may not know the story behind them, and they can't hear the cry of knowledge about knowledge in the barren era, but they have no longer begging to go to the sky, but use their own sounds and down -to -earth actions to come. Realize your ideals. In the county seat, a young teacher opened a blog of "Tiankai Cultural Fortune Calligraphy Room"; a group of literary enthusiasts of the County Writing Association founded a literary journal of "Tiankai Literature" ...

The endless charm of the "Clean Culture", which stimulated my thoughts and made me linger. When we returned to the row, the last line was applied to Baojing County. The long embankment along the river, which starts from the water, is like a tall and thick city walls in the ancient city, reflected in the clear and clear water river, forming a wonderful beauty.

[Edit: Liu Ye]

[Source: Hunan Daily · New Hunan Client]

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