Will hydrogen energy vehicles replace pure electric vehicles?

Hydrogen energy, as a rich source, green and low -carbon, and widely used secondary energy, is widely used in transportation, industry, construction and other fields, such as fuel cell vehicles, hydrogen metallurgy, etc. With the proposal of my country's "dual carbon" goals, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are sought after due to its high energy conversion ratio and discharge. The "Green Traffic" Fourteenth Five -Year Plan "issued by the Ministry of Transport proposed that the application of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles was encouraged. The National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration's "Long -term Plan for the Development of the Hydrogen Energy Industry (2021-2035)" for the first time clarified that hydrogen energy is an important part of the national energy system in the future. So, what are the advantages of my country's development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles? What are the difficulties and problems facing? What is the future? With these issues, the reporter interviewed industry experts.

What is the performance of hydrogen energy fuel vehicles to solve mileage anxiety?

In order to promote the development of fuel cell vehicles, in December 2021, the Ministry of Finance, Industry and Information Technology and other five departments issued the "Notice on Starting a New Batch of Modeling Application for Models of fuel cell vehicles" to accelerate the formation of fuel cell vehicles development can be replicated and can be copied and available. Advanced experience in promotion. At present, my country has initially formed the five major fuel cell vehicle policy support demonstration urban agglomerations of Beijing -Tianjin -Hebei urban agglomerations, Shanghai urban agglomerations, Guangdong urban agglomerations, Hebei urban agglomerations, and Henan urban agglomerations.

Hydrogen fuel cell heavy truck.

So how does hydrogen energy fuel vehicles work? Zhou Wei, director of the Automobile Transport Research Center of the Ministry of Transport, said in an interview with this reporter that there are two types of hydrogen energy vehicles. One is internal combustion engines and one is fuel cell vehicles. The former uses hydrogen to make fuel (burning or mixing), and the thermal energy generates the power for the car. The latter's fuel cell can directly convert the chemistry of hydrogen and air reactions directly into electrical energy, involving many factors such as the production and supply of hydrogen, the structure and layout of the reaction device. However, both methods require hydrogen storage tanks to ensure the stability of combustion or sufficient battery life, which requires high technical requirements. According to the "Long -term Plan for the Development of the Hydrogen Energy Industry (2021-2035)", hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are the key directions for the application of the hydrogen energy industry. Public data shows that as of the end of 2020, my country's hydrogen fuel cell vehicle has more than 7,000 vehicles. In 2022, the competition from all over the country to increase its promotion of the layout of the fuel cell vehicle industry. The policies are significantly "overtime", the key projects have landed successively, and the signal of increasingly active industrial development is clearly released. The reporter found that the planning of hydrogen energy industry released by the first demonstration cities focused on the development of the entire industrial chain of the hydrogen energy, involving the development of hydrogen -making and hydrogenation equipment, the design and construction of hydrogen refueling stations, hydrogen fuel cells and core components, the development and manufacturing of the vehicle, etc. Multiple links. In vehicle scenarios, hydrogen fuel cells can resolve the current "mileage anxiety" of electric vehicles. Hydrogen fuel vehicles have obvious advantages in heavy -duty transportation scenarios and long -distance transportation scenarios. Huang Quansheng, deputy director of the Institute of Environmental Resources of the Ministry of Planning and Research Institute of the Ministry of Transport: "The development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles 'is far away'. 'Ren heavy' refers to the large -scale commercial vehicle field represented by hydrogen fuel cell vehicles to complete heavy load transportation, 'Dao Yuan' refers to long -distance transportation. "

Is the hydrogenation station enough?

"Only by creating a hydrogen industry chain that integrates' storage, transportation, transportation, and 'plus' integration can we further accelerate the pace of commercialization and utilization of hydrogen energy in the transportation field, especially to promote the large -scale application of hydrogen fuel cell vehicle industrialization." Huang Quansheng said Essence In the hydrogen -making link, the obtaining hydrogen can be divided into hydrogen and green hydrogen according to different production technologies, and the green hydrogen of hydrogen produced by renewable energy is more in line with the goal of decorating carbon reduction. my country has launched the pilot application of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Taking Zhangjiakou as an example, it is geographically located in the gap between Taihang Mountain and Yanshan, and the wind is particularly strong compared to Beijing and other surrounding areas. The photovoltaic endowment is good, creating excellent conditions for the development of green hydrogen and hydrogen. At present, there are more than 300 industrial enterprises above the field of hydrogen energy in my country, which are concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta, the Guangdong -Hong Kong -Macao Greater Bay Area, Beijing -Tianjin -Hebei and other areas.

Hydrogen energy buses. After hydrogen is prepared, it needs to be transported to the hydrogenation station. At present, more hydrogen storage technologies are high -pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and liquid hydrogen storage. However, compressing hydrogen to resistance and closed temperature requirements for pressure containers, as well as low temperature requirements for liquid hydrogen, limited its storage and transportation scale and suitable storage and transportation distance. "When applying the pilot application of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in various places, it is necessary to adapt to local conditions, consider the convenience of the source of hydrogen energy, and lay out its layout in areas near the hydrogen production area. At the same time The technical route has gradually promoted the construction of a diversified hydrogen -making system of cleaning, low carbonization, and low -cost. "Zhou Wei said. On June 1, the "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" Renewable Energy Development Plan "was released. In order to ensure the high proportion of renewable energy sources, the plan proposes a demonstration of large -scale renewable energy hydrogen -making demonstrations. In areas with low cost of renewable energy power generation and good development conditions in the hydrogen energy storage industry, it will promote hydrogen recreational energy electricity electricity. The development of industrialization has created a large -scale green hydrogen production base. From this point of view, the production of large -scale green hydrogen in the future will accelerate the realization of carbon peak carbon neutrality. Hydrogenation stations are important infrastructure for hydrogen fuel cell industrialization and commercialization. my country has accumulated more than 250 hydrogen refueling stations, accounting for about 40%of the world's number, and the number of hydrogen refueling stations ranks first in the world. Huang Quansheng said that the hydrogen industry chain, from all aspects of production, storage and transportation, and hydrogen refueling construction, and other links, it greatly determines the price of hydrogen increase prices and will directly affect the energy cost of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. What are the difficulties of hydrogen energy vehicles?

"It can be certain that the hydrogen fuel cell industry in my country is still in the pilot demonstration stage, and there is still a long journey to achieve large -scale commercialization and industrialization development." Zhou Wei said. So what are the difficulties that affect the popularity of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in my country? Safety is the prerequisite and cornerstone of the long -term sustainable development of the hydrogen energy industry. Hydrogen is colorless and tasteless and has the characteristics of flammable and explosive. Hydrogen safety needs to pay attention to the whole process. At present, normative documents have been introduced in many areas, which have made clear requirements for the location and design of hydrogen -making technology, hydrogen -making, hydrogen storage safety, and hydrogenation stations. Hydrogen injection, transportation, etc. In terms of scientific research guarantee, the Highway Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Transport actively carried out the vehicle technology test evaluation and maintenance research of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles before putting in, and continued to pay attention to and carry out clean energy and new energy vehicle technical policies and new energy vehicle technology policies and new energy vehicle technology policies and Promotion and application related research. For the commercial use of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, one of the biggest challenges is cost control. Its core components are called proton exchange membranes. It can separate the electron in hydrogen into a proton, and then exchange it from the positive electrode to the negative electrode and oxygen to produce water and heat. The core materials of proton exchange membranes still have shortcomings in large -scale production and low -cost technologies. Zhou Wei said that the development of hydrogen energy is not only an important way to achieve the goal of "dual carbon" in my country, but also an important means to solve my country's energy safety issues. Whether the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle can quickly large -scale and commercialization form an industrial chain? The key is whether it can effectively solve the domesticization process of important components of fuel cells, break through foreign technology blockade and master core technologies. At present, in the passenger car and light commercial vehicle market, electric vehicles driven by power batteries have obvious advantages. So, will hydrogen fuel cell vehicles replace pure electric vehicles in the future? Huang Quansheng said that it was impossible in the short term. With the advancement of the entire industrial chain, the increase in the amount of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, the construction of hydrogen injection facilities, and the increase in the demand for hydrogen fuel injection, the power cost of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will gradually decline. Economic competitiveness and long -term are expected to have market attraction and good growth. When studying the energy substitution of automobile development, it is not advisable to lock some kind of technical path prematurely. We must adhere to government guidance and market leadership, that is, to play the decisive role of market allocation resources, follow the economic law of emerging industries, through capital and technology , Production and sales, cultivate and strengthen the hydrogen fuel vehicle industry. It is foreseeable that the demand for hydrogen in my country will show a growth trend. The "Long-term Planning for the Development of the Hydrogen Energy Industry (2021-2035)" pointed out that by 2025, a relatively comprehensive development system and policy environment of the hydrogen energy industry will be formed, and the amount of fuel cell vehicles will be about 50,000 vehicles. The amount of hydrogen production of renewable energy reaches 100,000 to 20,000 tons/year, becoming an important part of the new hydrogen energy consumption, and the carbon dioxide emission reduction is 10-2 million tons/year. It can be imagined that in the future, travelers can drive hydrogen fuel cell vehicles to enter the "hydrogenation station", which is very convenient to complete the addition. The hydrogen wind has arrived, there is a long way to go, and the line is approaching. Let us look forward to a cleaner choice and a better travel experience.

Author 丨 Editor in Xue Caiyun 丨 Zhai Hui review 丨 Lin Fen Liang Wei Mi -Mi -Mi -Mi -Mi 丨 Sun Yingli

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